User:Ahzoh

Creator of Vrkhazhian, Onschen and Hussite

𞤹𞤸𞤪

WIP Vrkhazhian Case System

Status Absolutus

	Animate						Inanimate
	Feminine		Masculine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-um	-ūwa	-im	-īya	-am	-āya	-as	-āya
Vocative	-u		-i		-a
Accusative	-us	-ūsa	-is	-īsa	-as	-āsa
Ergative	-un	-ūna	-in	-īna	-an	-āna	-an	-āna
Genitive	-uḫ	-ūwa	-iḫ	-īya	-aḫ	-āya	-aḫ	-āya
Equative	-ūli		-īli		-āli		-āli

Status Constructus

	Animate						Inanimate
	Feminine		Masculine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-∅	-ū	-∅	-ī	-∅	-ā	-∅	-ā
Oblique
Genitive	-u		-i		-a		-a
Equative	-ūli		-īli		-āli		-āli

WIP Verb System

Strong Verbs ḫaśras namras parḫas "???" "be evil" "speak, say" 1sg ḫaśurni namirni paraḫni 2sg ḫaśurma namirma paraḫma 3sg ḫaśurta namirta paraḫta 1pl ḫaśurti namirti paraḫti 2pl ḫaśurman namirman paraḫman 3pl ḫaśurtan namirtan paraḫtan

I-Weak Verbs yaźbas wasḫas ˀaldas ??? "???" "be loyal" "fight" "???" 1sg yaźubni wasiḫni ˀalanni ??? 2sg yaźumma wasiḫma ˀaladma ??? 3sg yaźubta wasiḫta ˀalatta ??? 1pl yaźubti wasiḫti ˀalatti ??? 2pl yaźumman wasiḫman ˀaladman ??? 3pl yaźubtan wasiḫtan ˀalattan ???

II-Weak Verbs dūlas tīlas ṣābas lēbas "dig, reveal" "destroy" "kill" "give" 1sg dūlni tīlni ṣābni lēbni 2sg dūlma tīlma ṣāmma lēmma 3sg dūlta tīlta ṣābta lēbta 1pl dūlti tīlti ṣābti lēbti 2pl dūlman tīlman ṣāmman lēmman 3pl dūltan tīltan ṣābtan lēbtan

III-Weak Verbs ??? rāsas mālas kēmas "???" "be good" "heal" "go up, rise" 1sg ??? rasīni malāni kemēni 2sg ??? rasīma malāma kemēma 3sg ??? rasīsa malāsa kemēsa 1pl ??? rasīti malāti kemēti 2pl ??? rasīman malāman kemēman 3pl ??? rasīsan malāsan kemēsan

Active Voice

Conjugation (strong, a-class) P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) Infinitive parḫas Participle parraḫ- Affirmative Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Jussive Imperative 1.sg paraḫni napruḫni tapruḫni ḫapruḫni parḫanni — 2.sg paraḫma napruḫma tapruḫma ḫapruḫma parḫamma parḫū 3.sg paraḫta napruḫta tapruḫta ḫapruḫta parḫatta parḫā 1.pl paraḫti napruḫti tapruḫti ḫapruḫti parḫatti — 2.pl paraḫman napruḫman tapruḫman ḫapruḫman parḫamman parḫūna 3.pl paraḫtan napruḫtan tapruḫtan ḫapruḫtan parḫattan parḫāna Negative Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Jussive Imperative 1.sg paraḫnisi napruḫnisi tapruḫnisi ḫapruḫnisi parḫannisi 2.sg paraḫmasi napruḫmasi tapruḫmasi ḫapruḫmasi parḫammasi 3.sg paraḫtasi napruḫtasi tapruḫtasi ḫapruḫtasi parḫattasi 1.pl paraḫtisi napruḫtisi tapruḫtisi ḫapruḫtisi parḫattisi 2.pl paraḫmasin napruḫmasin tapruḫmasin ḫapruḫmasin parḫammasin 3.pl paraḫtasin napruḫtasin tapruḫtasin ḫapruḫtasin parḫattasin

Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) Y-N-D (catch) Infinitive yandas Participle yannad- Affirmative Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Jussive Imperative 1.sg yananni nīnanni tīnanni ḫīnanni yandanni — 2.sg yanadma nīnadma tīnadma ḫīnadma yandamma yandū 3.sg yanatta nīnatta tīnatta ḫīnatta yandatta yandā 1.pl yanatti nīnatti tīnatti ḫīnatti yandatti — 2.pl yanadman nīnadman tīnadman ḫīnadman yandamman yandūna 3.pl yanattan nīnattan tīnattan ḫīnattan yandattan yandāna Negative Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Jussive Imperative 1.sg yanannisi nīnannisi tīnannisi ḫīnannisi yandannisi 2.sg yanadmasi nīnadmasi tīnadmasi ḫīnadmasi yandammasi 3.sg yanattasi nīnattasi tīnattasi ḫīnattasi yandattasi 1.pl yanattisi nīnattisi tīnattisi ḫīnattisi yandattisi 2.pl yanadmasin nīnadmasin tīnadmasin ḫīnadmasin yandammasin 3.pl yanattasin nīnattasin tīnattasin ḫīnattasin yandattasin

Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) Infinitive ṣābas Participle ṣabb- Affirmative Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Jussive Imperative 1.sg ṣābni naṣābni taṣābni ḫaṣābni ṣābanni — 2.sg ṣāmma naṣāmma taṣāmma ḫaṣāmma ṣābamma ṣābū 3.sg ṣābta naṣābta taṣābta ḫaṣābta ṣābatta ṣābā 1.pl ṣābti naṣābti taṣābti ḫaṣābti ṣābatti — 2.pl ṣāmman naṣāmman taṣāmman ḫaṣāmman ṣābamman ṣābūna 3.pl ṣābtan naṣābtan taṣābtan ḫaṣābtan ṣābattan ṣābāna Negative Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Jussive Imperative 1.sg ṣābnisi naṣābnisi taṣābnisi ḫaṣābnisi ṣābannisi 2.sg ṣāmmasi naṣāmmasi taṣāmmasi ḫaṣāmmasi ṣābammasi 3.sg ṣābtasi naṣābtasi taṣābtasi ḫaṣābtasi ṣābattasi 1.pl ṣābtisi naṣābtisi taṣābtisi ḫaṣābtisi ṣābattisi 2.pl ṣāmmasin naṣāmmasin taṣāmmasin ḫaṣāmmasin ṣābammanis 3.pl ṣābtasin naṣābtasin taṣābtasin ḫaṣābtasin ṣābattasin

Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) R-S-Y (be good, be moral) Infinitive rāsas Participle rassa- Affirmative Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Jussive Imperative 1.sg rasīni narsīni tarsīni ḫarsīni rāsanni — 2.sg rasīma narsīma tarsīma ḫarsīma rāsamma rāsū 3.sg rasīsa narsīsa tarsīsa ḫarsīsa rāsatta rāsā 1.pl rasīti narsīti tarsīti ḫarsīti rāsatti — 2.pl rasīman narsīman tarsīman ḫarsīman rāsamman rāsūna 3.pl rasīsan narsīsan tarsīsan ḫarsīsan rāsattan rāsāna Negative Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Jussive Imperative 1.sg rasīnisi narsīnisi tarsīnisi ḫarsīnisi rāsannisi 2.sg rasīmasi narsīmasi tarsīmasi ḫarsīmasi rāsammasi 3.sg rasīsasi narsīsasi tarsīsasi ḫarsīsasi rāsattasi 1.pl rasītisi narsītisi tarsītisi ḫarsītisi rāsattisi 2.pl rasīmasin narsīmasin tarsīmasin ḫarsīmasin rāsammasin 3.pl rasīsasin narsīsasin tarsīsasin ḫarsīsasin rāsattasin

Causative Voice

Conjugation (strong, a-class) P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) Infinitive purruḫas Participle purruḫ- Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg parraḫni naparraḫni taparraḫni ḫaparraḫni parraḫanni — 2.sg parraḫma naparraḫma taparraḫma ḫaparraḫma parraḫamma parraḫū 3.sg parraḫta naparraḫta taparraḫta ḫaparraḫta parraḫatta parraḫā 1.pl parraḫti naparraḫti taparraḫti ḫaparraḫti parraḫatti — 2.pl parraḫman naparraḫman taparraḫman ḫaparraḫman parraḫamman parraḫūna 3.pl parraḫtan naparraḫtan taparraḫtan ḫaparraḫtan parraḫattan parraḫāna

Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) Y-N-D (catch) Infinitive yunnudas Participle yunnud- Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg yannanni ninnanni tinnanni ḫinnanni yannadanni — 2.sg yannadma ninnadma tinnadma ḫinnadma yannadamma yannadū 3.sg yannatta ninnatta tinnatta ḫinnatta yannadatta yannadā 1.pl yannatti ninnatti tinnatti ḫinnatti yannadatti — 2.pl yannadman ninnadman tinnadman ḫinnadman yannadamman yannadūna 3.pl yanattan ninnattan tinnattan ḫinnattan yannadattan yannadāna

Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) Infinitive ṣubbas Participle ṣubb- Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg ṣâbni naṣâbni taṣâbni ḫaṣâbni ṣabbanni — 2.sg ṣâmma naṣâmma taṣâmma ḫaṣâmma ṣabbamma ṣabbū 3.sg ṣâbta naṣâbta taṣâbta ḫaṣâbta ṣabbatta ṣabbā 1.pl ṣâbti naṣâbti taṣâbti ḫaṣâbti ṣabbatti — 2.pl ṣâmman naṣâmman taṣâmman ḫaṣâmman ṣabbamman ṣabbūna 3.pl ṣâbtan naṣâbtan taṣâbtan ḫaṣâbtan ṣabbattan ṣabbāna

Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) R-S-Y (be good, be moral) Infinitive russâs Participle russu- Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg rassīni narassīni tarassīni ḫarassīni rassanni — 2.sg rassīma narassīma tarassīma ḫarassīma rassamma rassû 3.sg rassīsa narassīsa tarassīsa ḫarassīsa rassatta rassâ 1.pl rassīti narassīti tarassīti ḫarassīti rassatti — 2.pl rassīman narassīman tarassīman ḫarassīman rassamman rassûna 3.pl rassīsan narassīsan tarassīsan ḫarassīsan rassattan rassâna

Applicative Voice

Benefactive-Associative

Conjugation (strong, a-class) P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) Infinitive supruḫas Participle supruḫ- Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg sapraḫni nasapraḫni tasapraḫni ḫasapraḫni sapraḫanni — 2.sg sapraḫma nasapraḫma tasapraḫma ḫasapraḫma sapraḫamma sapraḫū 3.sg sapraḫta nasapraḫta tasapraḫta ḫasapraḫta sapraḫatta sapraḫā 1.pl sapraḫti nasapraḫti tasapraḫti ḫasapraḫti sapraḫatti — 2.pl sapraḫman nasapraḫman tasapraḫman ḫasapraḫman sapraḫamman sapraḫūna 3.pl sapraḫtan nasapraḫtan tasapraḫtan ḫasapraḫtan sapraḫattan sapraḫāna

Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) Y-N-D (catch) Infinitive sūnudas Participle sūnud- Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg sīnanni nasīnanni tasīnanni ḫasīnanni sīnadanni — 2.sg sīnadma nasīnadma tasīnadma ḫasīnadma sīnadamma sīnadū 3.sg sīnatta nasīnatta tasīnatta ḫasīnatta sīnadatta sīnadā 1.pl sīnatti nasīnatti tasīnatti ḫasīnatti sīnadatti — 2.pl sīnadman nasīnadman tasīnadman ḫasīnadman sīnadamman sīnadūna 3.pl sīnattan nasīnattan tasīnattan ḫasīnattan sīnadattan sīnadāna

Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) Infinitive suṣubbas Participle suṣubb- Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg saṣābni naṣṣābni taṣṣābni ḫaṣṣābni saṣābanni — 2.sg saṣāmma naṣṣāmma taṣṣāmma ḫaṣṣāmma saṣābamma saṣābū 3.sg saṣābta naṣṣābta taṣṣābta ḫaṣṣābta saṣābatta saṣābā 1.pl saṣābti naṣṣābti taṣṣābti ḫaṣṣābti saṣābatti — 2.pl saṣāmman naṣṣāmman taṣṣāmman ḫaṣṣāmman saṣābamman saṣābūna 3.pl saṣābtan naṣṣābtan taṣṣābtan ḫaṣṣābtan saṣābattan saṣābāna

Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) R-S-Y (be good, be moral) Infinitive sursâs Participle sursu- Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg sarsīni nasarsīni tasarsīni ḫasarsīni sarsanni — 2.sg sarsīma nasarsīma tasarsīma ḫasarsīma sarsamma sarsû 3.sg sarsīsa nasarsīsa tasarsīsa ḫasarsīsa sarsatta sarsâ 1.pl sarsīti nasarsīti tasarsīti ḫasarsīti sarsatti — 2.pl sarsīman nasarsīman tasarsīman ḫasarsīman sarsamman sarsûna 3.pl sarsīsan nasarsīsan tasarsīsan ḫasarsīsan sarsattan sarsâna

Other

Conjugation (strong, a-class) P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) Infinitive mupruḫas Participle mupruḫ- Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg mapraḫni namapraḫni tamapraḫni ḫamapraḫni mapraḫanni — 2.sg mapraḫma namapraḫma tamapraḫma ḫamapraḫma mapraḫamma mapraḫū 3.sg mapraḫta namapraḫta tamapraḫta ḫamapraḫta mapraḫatta mapraḫā 1.pl mapraḫti namapraḫti tamapraḫti ḫamapraḫti mapraḫatti — 2.pl mapraḫman namapraḫman tamapraḫman ḫamapraḫman mapraḫamman mapraḫūna 3.pl mapraḫtan namapraḫtan tamapraḫtan ḫamapraḫtan mapraḫattan mapraḫāna

Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) Y-N-D (catch) Infinitive mūnudas Participle mūnud- Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg mīnanni namīnanni tamīnanni ḫamīnanni mīnadanni — 2.sg mīnadma namīnadma tamīnadma ḫamīnadma mīnadamma mīnadū 3.sg mīnatta namīnatta tamīnatta ḫamīnatta mīnadatta mīnadā 1.pl mīnatti namīnatti tamīnatti ḫamīnatti mīnadatti — 2.pl mīnadman namīnadman tamīnadman ḫamīnadman mīnadamman mīnadūna 3.pl mīnattan namīnattan tamīnattan ḫamīnattan mīnadattan mīnadāna

Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) Infinitive muṣubbas Participle muṣubb- Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg maṣābni namṣābni tamṣābni ḫamṣābni maṣābanni — 2.sg maṣāmma namṣāmma tamṣāmma ḫamṣāmma maṣābamma maṣābū 3.sg maṣābta namṣābta tamṣābta ḫamṣābta maṣābatta maṣābā 1.pl maṣābti namṣābti tamṣābti ḫamṣābti maṣābatti — 2.pl maṣāmman namṣāmman tamṣāmman ḫamṣāmman maṣābamman maṣābūna 3.pl maṣābtan namṣābtan tamṣābtan ḫamṣābtan maṣābattan maṣābāna

Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) R-S-Y (be good, be moral) Infinitive mursâs Participle mursu- Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg marsīni namarsīni tamarsīni ḫamarsīni marsanni — 2.sg marsīma namarsīma tamarsīma ḫamarsīma marsamma marsû 3.sg marsīsa namarsīsa tamarsīsa ḫamarsīsa marsatta marsâ 1.pl marsīti namarsīti tamarsīti ḫamarsīti marsatti — 2.pl marsīman namarsīman tamarsīman ḫamarsīman marsamman marsûna 3.pl marsīsan namarsīsan tamarsīsan ḫamarsīsan marsattan marsâna

Stem shapes based on stress

Verbs

Base

Weakness	Realis	Irrealis	Imperative
Strong	PaRáḪ-	-PRáḪ-	PaRḪ-á-
Initial Weak	PaRáḪ-	-RáḪ-	PaRḪ-á-
Middle Weak	Pā́Ḫ-	-Pā́Ḫ-	PāḪ-á-
Final Weak	PaRā́-	-PRā́-	PāR-á-

Gemination

Weakness	Realis	Irrealis	Imperative
Strong	PaRRáḪ-	-PaRRáḪ-	PaRRaḪ-á-
Initial Weak	PaRRáḪ-	-RRáḪ-	PaRRaḪ-á-
Middle Weak	PấḪ-	-PấḪ-	PaḪḪ-á-
Final Weak	PaRRā́-	-PaRRā́-	PaRR-á-

Prefix

Weakness	Realis	Irrealis	Imperative
Strong	saPRáḪ-	-saPRáḪ-	saPRaḪ-á-
Initial Weak	sāRáḪ-	-sāRáḪ-	sāRaḪ-á-
Middle Weak	saPā́Ḫ-	-sPā́Ḫ-	saPāḪ-á-
Final Weak	saPRā́-	-saPRā́-	saPR-á-

Prefix Gemination

Weakness	Realis	Irrealis	Imperative
Strong	saPaRRáḪ-	-sPaRRáḪ-	saPaRRaḪ-á-
Initial Weak	saRRáḪ-	-saRRáḪ-	saRRaḪ-á-
Middle Weak	saPấḪ-	-sPấḪ-	saPaḪḪ-á-
Final Weak	saPaRRā́-	-sPaRRā́-	saPaRR-á-

Deverbatives

Base

Weakness	Abs.	Cons.	Poss. (Sg.)	Poss. (Pl.)
Strong	PáRḪ-as	PáRaḪ	PaRáḪ-	PaRḪ-ā́-
Initial Weak	PáRḪ-as	PáRaḪ	PaRáḪ-	PaRḪ-ā́-
Middle Weak	Pā́Ḫ-as	Pā́Ḫ	Pā́Ḫ-	PāḪ-ā́-
Final Weak	Pā́R-as	Pā́R	Pā́R-	PāR-ā́-

Lengthened

Weakness	Abs.	Cons.	Poss. (Sg.)	Poss. (Pl.)
Strong	PaRā́Ḫ-as	PáRāḪ	PaRā́Ḫ-	PaRāḪ-ā́-
Initial Weak	PaRā́Ḫ-as	PáRāḪ	PaRā́Ḫ-	PaRāḪ-ā́-
Middle Weak	PấḪ-as	PấḪ	PấḪ-	PâḪ-ā́-
Final Weak	PaR-ấs	PáRā	PaR-ấ-

Gemination

Weakness	Abs.	Cons.	Poss. (Sg.)	Poss. (Pl.)
Strong	PáRRaḪ-as	PáRRaḪ	PaRRáḪ-	PaRRaḪ-ā́-
Initial Weak	PáRRaḪ-as	PáRRaḪ	PaRRáḪ-	PaRRaḪ-ā́-
Middle Weak	PáḪḪ-as	Pā́Ḫ	PáḪḪ-a	PaḪḪ-ā́-
Final Weak	PaRR-ấs	PáRRa	PaRR-ấ-

Voice

Case-Role Marking in Secundative Alignment (D=S, R=P, T=separate)

Voice	Role/Marking
	Nominative	Accusative	Instrumental
Active (Intransitive)	Subject	N/A	N/A
Active (Monotransitive)	Subject	Object	N/A
Active (Ditransitive)	Subject	Primary Object	Secondary Object
Causative/Instrumental	Causer	Causee/Instrument	Object

Morpheme Chain

Clausal Proclitics	Relativizer	Tense/Mood	Stem		Imperative	Subject	Negation	Subject Plural (2nd and 3rd)
			Voice	Root
various	iC-	na-, ta-, ḫa-	s(i)-, m(i)-	R₁(a)R₂aR₃ R₁(a)R₂uR₃ R₁(a)R₂iR₃	-aC- / -ā-	various	-si	-n

Ablaut Classes

Ablaut Classes

		Realis	Irrealis
Class 1	Transitive	a	a
	Intransitive	u	a
		i	a
Class 2	Dynamic	a	u
		u	u
	Stative	i	i
Class 3	Dynamic	a	a
		u	a
	Stative	i	i

Ch'adic

Proto-Č̣aḥdaš consonants

		Labial	Alveolar			Palatal	Velar	Pharyngeal	Glottal
			central	sibilant	lateral
Nasal		m	n				ŋ ⟨n̮⟩
Stop	fortis	p	t	t͡s ⟨c⟩	t͡ɬ ⟨ć⟩	t͡ʃ ⟨č⟩	k	ʡ	ʔ
	emphatic	pʼ ⟨ṗ⟩	tʼ ⟨ṭ⟩	t͡sʼ ⟨c̣⟩	t͡ɬʼ ⟨ć̣⟩	t͡ʃʼ ⟨č̣⟩	kʼ ⟨ḳ⟩
	lenis	b	d	d͡z ⟨ʒ⟩	d͡ɮ ⟨ʒ́⟩	d͡ʒ ⟨ǯ⟩	g
Fricative		f		s	ɬ ⟨ś⟩	ʃ ⟨š⟩	x ⟨ḫ⟩	ħ ⟨ḥ⟩	h
Approximant		w				j ⟨y⟩
Liquid			r		l

Proto-Č̣aḥdaš nouns

	Status Absolutus		Status Constructus
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Feminine	-u	-un	-u	-ū
Masculine	-i	-in	-i	-ī
Neuter	-ar	-aran	-a	-ā
Inanimate	-aš	-ašan