Senjecas linguistics: Difference between revisions

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===Pronunciation table===
<font size = 4>
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
 
!p
==Pronunciation table==
!b
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:1150px;"
!f
! colspan="6" | <center>'''peműko'''<br>(labial)</center>
!v
|
!ƿ
|
!m
! colspan="6" | '''riisűko'''<br>(dental)
|
|
! colspan="6" | '''muitűko'''<br>(alveolar)
|
|
! colspan="6-" | '''vainűko'''<br>(palatal)
|
|
! colspan="2" |
|
|
! colspan="6" | '''ṡ̨uuše̋nos'''<br>(vowels with प)
|
|
! colspan="3" | '''nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos'''<br>(weak vowels)
|-
! <center>p</center>
! b
! f
! v
! m̃
! m
|
|
|
|
!t
! t
!d
! d
!þ
! þ
!ð
! ð
!ł
! ɫ
!l
! l
|
|
|
|
!c
! ṡ
!ƶ
! ż
!s
! s
!z
! z
!r
! r
!n
! n
|
|
|
|
!k
! k
!g
! g
!x
! x
!ᵹ
! [[Wikipedia:Gha|ƣ]]
!h
! h
!ȝ
! [[Wikipedia:Yogh|ȝ]]
|
|
|
|
!š
! š
!ṡ
! s̨
|
|
|
|
!i
! i  
!e
! e
!a
! a
!ɔ
! [[Wikipedia:O|ɔ]]
!o
! o
!u
! u
|
|
|
|
!ı
! ı
!ɛ
! ɛ
!y
! y
|-
|-
|/p/
! <center>प</center>
|/b/
! ब
|/ɸ/
! फ
|/β/
! भ
|/m̊/
! म़
|/m/
! म
|
|
|
|
|/t/
! त
|/d/
! द
|/θ/
! थ
|/ð/
! ध
|/l̥/
! ल़
|/l/
! ल
|
|
|
|
|/ʦ/
! च
|/ʣ/
! ज
|/s/
! स
|/z/
! स़
|/ɾ̥/
! र
|/n/
! न
|
|
|
|
|/k/
! क
|/g/
! ग
|/ç/
! क़
|/ʝ/
! [[Wikipedia:Gha|ग़]]
|/j̊/
! ह
|/j/
! [[Wikipedia:Yogh|य]]
|
|
|
|
|/sʷ/
! स्व
|/sʲ/
! स्य
|
|
|
|
|/i/
! इ ई<br>पि पी
|/e/
! ए एै<br>पे पै
|/ä/
! अ आ<br>प पा
|/ɒ/
! ऒ ॵ<br>पॊ पॏ
|/o/
! ओ औ<br>पो पौ
|/u/
! उ ऊ<br>पु पू
|
|
|
|
|/ɪ/
! पं
|/ɛ/
! पऺ
|/ʊ/
! पॅ
|-
| /p/
| /b/
| /ɸ/
| /β/
| /m̥/
| /m/
!
!
| /t/
| /d/
| /θ/
| /ð/
| /l̥/
| /l/
!
!
| /ʦ/
| /ʣ/
| /s/
| /z/
| /ɾ̥/
| /n/
!
!
| /k/
| /g/
| /ç/
| /ʝ/
| /j̊/
| /j/
!
!
| /sʷ/
| /sʲ/
!
!
| /i/
| /e/
| /ä/
| /ɒ/
| /o/
| /u/
!
!
| /ɪ/
| /ɛ/
| /ʊ/
|}
|}




<center>linguistics – '''ȝexsa̋ra'''</center>
==Notes==
#''cpd'' = a compound of two or more roots, ''e.g.'', ''' ðééa''', in place of, + '''fe̋e̋to''', noun = '''ðeefe̋e̋to''', pronoun.
#''drv'' = a word derived from a root, ''e.g.'', '''sa̋m̃o''', word, < '''sa̋m̃a''', ''t.v.'' speak.
#''pol'' = a word with a different, but related sense to an original word, ''e.g.'', '''te̋na''', tense < '''te̋na''', time
#These words are not numbered, as only original roots are numbered
#Words in {{Color|red|red}} indicate a feature that does not occur in Senjecas.
 
 
==Punctuation - '''bőþra''' बो॓थ्र  ==
*''drv'' '''botı̋d̨a''', punctuate [< '''bőto''', point].
*''cpd'' '''boþne̋uo''', punctuation mark ['''bőto''', point; '''ne̋uo''', sign].
*''cpd'' '''deusbőto''', period (:) ['''de̋usa''', ''t.v.'' stop].
*''cpd'' '''d̬obőto''', {{Color|red|colon}} ['''d̬ő''', two].
*''cpd'' '''meinbőto''', clause hyphen (—) ['''me̋ino''', thought].
*''cpd'' '''meþbőto''', {{Color|red|question mark}} ['''me̋ta''', ''t.v.'' ask].
*''cpd'' '''m̃iibőto''', interpunct (·) ['''m̃ı̋ı̋i''', ''adj.'' separate].
*''cpd'' '''ƣeðbőto''', prefix hyphen (-) ['''ƣe̋ða''', ''t.v.'' join].
*''cpd'' '''tirbőto''', paragraph end (⁝) ['''tı̋r''', three].
*''cpd'' '''żaarbőto''', {{Color|red|exclamation point}} ['''ża̋a̋ra''', ''t.v.'' exclaim].
*''cpd'' '''żóxd̬obőto''', {{Color|red|semicolon}} ['''żóku''', almost; '''d̬ő''', two].
 
 
==Affixes - '''evse̋gos''' एभ्से॓गोस् ==
*''cpd'' '''ense̋go''', {{Color|red|infix}} ['''éna''', ''postp.'' in; '''se̋ga''', ''t.v.'' fasten].
*''cpd'' '''fas̈a̋m̃o''', clitic ['''fa̋sa''', ''t.v.'' depend on; '''sa̋m̃o''', word].
*''cpd'' '''n̨oofse̋go''', prefix ['''n̨óópa''', ''postp.'' before].
*''cpd'' '''pos̈e̋go''', suffix ['''pósa''', ''postp.'' after].
*''cpd'' '''þolse̋go''', {{Color|red|circumfix}} ['''þóla''', ''postp.'' on both sides].
 
 
==Parts of speech - '''sam̃fa̋a̋ȝos''' सम़्फा॓योस्==
*''cpd'' '''ðeefe̋e̋to''', pronoun
**''cpd'' '''altósðeefe̋e̋to''', indefinite pronoun.
**''cpd'' '''anánðeefe̋e̋to''', reciprocal pronoun.
**''cpd'' '''déisðeefe̋e̋to''', demonstrative pronoun.
**''cpd'' '''hómðeefe̋e̋to''', personal pronoun.
**''cpd'' '''m̃álðeefe̋e̋to''', intensive pronoun.
**''cpd'' '''náánðeefe̋e̋to''', reflexive pronoun.
**''cpd'' '''úð̤eefe̋e̋to''', possessive pronoun.
*''pol'' '''fe̋e̋to''', noun, substantive [< '''fe̋e̋ta''', ''t.v.'' name].
**''cpd'' '''ál̤uxfe̋e̋to''', mass noun.
**''cpd'' '''altaƣfe̋e̋to''', abstract noun.
**''cpd'' '''lezfe̋e̋to''', collective noun.
**''cpd'' '''luxfe̋e̋to''', count noun.
**''cpd'' '''m̃exfe̋e̋to''', concrete noun.
**''cpd'' '''koinfe̋e̋to''', common noun.
**''cpd'' '''šeeðfe̋e̋to''', proper noun.
*''cpd'' '''(fe̋e̋þ)gansa̋m̃|o''', adjective; '''-i''', ''adj.'' adjectival.
**''drv'' '''še̋e̋ðm̃i''', ''adj.'' attributive.
**''drv'' '''m̃a̋iþi''', ''adj.'' predicative.
*''cpd'' '''ȝoorsa̋m̃o''', expletive.
*''cpd'' '''ȝovsa̋m̃o''', adposition.
**''cpd'' '''ensa̋m̃o''', {{Color|red|inposition}}.
**''cpd'' '''n̨oofsa̋m̃o''', preposition.
**''cpd'' '''pos̈a̋m̃o''', postposition.
**''cpd'' '''þolsa̋m̃o''', {{Color|red|circumposition}}.
*''drv'' '''ka̋a̋to''', verb [< '''ka̋a̋ta''', ''i.v.'' assert].
**''cpd'' '''aska̋a̋to''', transitive verb.
**''cpd'' '''álaska̋a̋to''', intransitive verb.
**''cpd'' '''d̬ígaamsa̋m̃o''', participle.
***''cpd'' '''kid̬ígaamsa̋m̃o''', active participle.
***''cpd'' '''peed̬ígaamsa̋m̃o''', passive participle.
**''cpd'' '''fym̃uka̋a̋to''', {{Color|red|infinitive}}.
**''cpd'' '''kaaþfe̋e̋to''', supine.
**''cpd'' '''ƣeðka̋a̋to''', copula.
**''cpd'' '''reeƣka̋a̋to''', auxiliary verb.
*''cpd'' '''kaaþga̋nlo''', adverb; '''-i''', ''adj.'' adverbial.
*''cpd'' '''ƣeðsa̋m̃o''', conjunction.
**''cpd'' '''fásƣeðsa̋m̃o''', subordinating conjunction.
**''cpd'' '''ȝémƣeðsa̋m̃o''', correlative conjunction.
**''cpd'' '''párƣeðsa̋m̃o''', co-ordinating conjunction.
*''cpd'' '''rexsa̋m̃o''', {{Color|red|determiner}}.
*''cpd'' '''sa̋m̃ko''', particle.
**''cpd'' '''m̃iisa̋m̃ko''', disjunctive particle.
**''cpd'' '''ánvaasa̋m̃ko''', quotative particle.
*''cpd'' '''tevsa̋m̃o''', {{Color|red|article}}.
**''drv'' '''tősi''', ''adj.'' {{Color|red|definite}}.
**''drv'' '''altősi''', ''adj.'' {{Color|red|indefinite}}.
 
 
==Grammar - '''ȝexre̋e̋ȝos''' येखरै॓योस ==
*''cpd'' '''a̋ṡaþo''', object.
*''pol'' '''de̋iṡi''', ''adj.'' demonstrative [< '''de̋iṡa''', ''t.v.'' demonstrate].
*''cpd'' '''ðééfeetőȝanti''', ''adj.'' prodrop.
*''pol'' '''ðe̋r̈a''', mood [< '''ðe̋r̈a''', attitude].
**'''alnesðe̋r̈a''', subjunctive mood.
**'''eevðe̋r̈a''', imperative mood.
**'''kisðe̋r̈a''', indicative mood.
*''pol'' '''fa̋si''', ''adj.'' subordinate, dependent [< '''fa̋sa''', ''t.v.'' depend on].
**'''fastőso''', clause.
*''pol'' '''fűlo''', root [< '''fűla''', ''t.v.'' root].
*''pol'' '''ȝe̋þra''', voice [< '''ȝe̋ta''', ''t.v.'' relate to].
**'''kiȝe̋þra''', active voice.
**'''peeȝe̋þra''', {{Color|red|passive voice}}.
*''pol'' '''ȝővta''', apposition [< '''ȝőba''', ''t.v.'' approach].
**'''ȝovsa̋m̃=o''',  appositive; '''=i''', ''adj.'' appositive.
*''afx'' '''kı̋|lu''', subject [< '''kı̋a''', ''t.v.'' do; '''-lu''', ''agent suffix''];  '''al~''', null-subject. '''-si''', ''adj.'' indicative.
*''pol'' '''le̋żo''', gender [< '''le̋żo''', category].
**'''ǧe̋nm̃i''', ''adj.'' {{Color|red|feminine}}.
**'''m̃e̋xm̃i''', ''adj.'' {{Color|red|neuter}}.
**'''m̃ı̋ı̋rm̃i''', ''adj.'' {{Color|red|masculine}}.
*''pol'' '''lűxra''', number [< '''lűxra''', enumeration].
**'''d̬olűxri''', ''adj.'' {{Color|red|dual}}.
**'''meelűxri''', ''adj.'' plural.
**'''þunlűxri''', ''adj.'' singular.
*''pol'' '''ne̋uda''', case [< '''ne̋udo''', function].
**'''ðeene̋uda''', genitive case ['''ðe̋e̋a''', ''t.v.'' locate].
**'''feeþne̋uda''', nominative case ['''fe̋e̋ta''', ''t.v.'' name].
**'''ham̃ne̋uda''', vocative case ['''ha̋m̃a''', ''t.v.'' call].
**'''ȝaane̋uda''', accusative case ['''ȝa̋a̋a''', ''t.v.'' move].
*''pol'' '''nőőra''', aspect [< '''nőőra''', view].
**'''álþuxnőőa''', imperfective aspect.
**'''avnőőa''', prospective aspect.
**'''deusnőőa''', terminative aspect.
**'''f̨uuðnőőa''', causative aspect.
**'''mem̃nőőa''', progressive/continuous aspect.
**'''m̃esnőőa''', desiderative aspect.
**'''nevnőőa''', recent perfective aspect.
**'''seernőőa''', frequentative aspect.
**'''šan̈őőa''', inclinational aspect.
**'''šeðnőőa''', habitual aspect.
**'''toðnőőa''', inceptive aspect.
**'''þuxnőőa''', perfective aspect.
**'''vuumnőőa''', debitive aspect.
*''cpd'' '''parsa̋m̃o''', correlative word ['''pa̋ra''', ''t.v.'' correspond;  '''sa̋m̃o''', word].
*''pol'' '''te̋na''', tense [< '''te̋na''', time].
**'''imte̋na''', present imperfective tense.
**'''feste̋na''', past imperfective tense.
**'''poste̋na''', future imperfective tense.
**'''ímþuxte̋na''', present perfect tense.
**'''fésþuxte̋na''', past perfect tense.
**'''pósþuxte̋na''', future perfect tense.
 


*Words in {{color|red|red}} indicate a feature that does not occur in Senjecas.
==Manner of articulation - '''šenmőőda''' स्वेन्मौ॓द==
*''cpd'' '''ȝovše̋no''', {{Color|red|approximant}}.
*''cpd'' '''keðše̋no''', {{Color|red|guttural}}
*''pol'' '''mőőv|a''', ''t.v.'' lenite '''-ra''', lenition [< '''mőőva''', ''t.v.'' soften].
*''cpd'' '''muiþše̋no''', alveolar.
*''cpd'' '''naš̤e̋no''', nasal.
*''cpd'' '''pax|še̋no''', stop, plosive, occlusive. '''-tiirše̋no''', affricate.
*''cpd'' '''pemše̋n|o''', {{Color|red|labial}}; '''d̬í~''', bilabial. '''-kı̋ra''', labialization.
*''cpd'' '''piilše̋no''', tap, flap.
*''cpd'' '''riiš̤e̋no''', dental.
*''cpd'' '''serše̋no''', sonorant.
*''cpd'' '''ṡiš̤e̋no''', sibilant.
*''cpd'' '''ṡuš̤e̋no''', {{Color|red|trill}}.
*''cpd'' '''tiirše̋no''', fricative, spirant.
*''cpd'' '''vainše̋n|o''', palatal; '''-kı̋ra''', palatalization.


==='''bőta''' - punctuation===
*'''boþƶę̋no''', punctuation mark.
*'''d̬obőto''', {{color|red|colon}}.
*'''fástosƿı̨̋o''', clause hyphen (—).
*'''k̬ilbőto''', period (:).
*'''meþbőto''', {{color|red|question mark}}.
*'''ƿįbőto''', interpunct (·).
*'''pulbőto''', hyphen (–).
*'''tirbőto''', paragraph end (⋮).
*'''ƶąrbőto''', {{color|red|exclamation point}}.
*'''ƶóxd̬obőto''', {{color|red|semicolon}}.


==='''evse̋gos''' – affixes===
==Syntax - '''m̃aiþrĕb̨őra''' म़इथ्रऺब्यो॓र==
*'''ense̋go''', {{color|red|infix}}.
*''pol'' '''m̃a̋iþ|ro''', sentence; '''meþ~''', interrogative sentence [< '''m̃a̋iþa''', ''i.v.'' declare]. '''-i''', ''adj.'' predicate, predicative.
*'''ṅofse̋go''', prefix.
*''cpd'' '''m̃ı̋ı̋o ȝe̋ko''', absolute construction ['''m̃ı̋ı̋a''', ''t.v.'' separate; '''ȝe̋ko''', phrase].
*'''pose̋go''', suffix.
*'''þolse̋go''', {{color|red|circumfix}}.
*'''fasa̋ƿo''', clitic.


==='''saƿfą̋ȝos''' - parts of speech===
*'''ðęfę̋to''', pronoun.
*'''fę̋to''', noun, substantive.
::'''alluxfę̋to''', mass noun.
::'''altagfę̋to''', abstract noun.
::'''lezfę̋to''', collective noun.
::'''luxfę̋to''', count noun.
::'''ƿexfę̋to''', concrete noun.
::'''koinfę̋to''', common noun.
::'''šęðfę̋to''', proper noun.
*'''fęþga̋nlo''', adjective.
::'''šę̋ðƿo''', ''adj.'' attributive.
::'''ƿa̋iþo''', ''adj.'' predicative.
*'''ȝǫrsa̋ƿo''', expletive.
*'''ȝovsa̋ƿo''', adposition.
::'''ensa̋ƿo''', {{color|red|inposition}}.
::'''ṅofsa̋ƿo''', preposition.
::'''posa̋ƿo''', postposition.
::'''þolsa̋ƿo''', {{color|red|circumposition}}.
*001 '''ką̋to''', verb.
::'''aską̋to''', transitive verb.
::'''naską̋to''', intransitive verb.
::'''ᵹeðką̋to''', copula.
::'''ręᵹką̋to''', auxiliary verb.
*'''kąþfę̋to''', supine.
*'''ką́þgansa̋ƿo''', participle.
::'''kiką́þgansa̋ƿo''', active participle.
::'''pęką́þgansa̋ƿo''', passive participle.
*'''kąþga̋nlo''', adverb.
*'''ƿįsa̋ƿko''', disjunctive particle.
*'''ᵹeðsa̋ƿo''', conjunction.
*'''sa̋ƿko''', particle.
*'''tevsa̋ƿo''', {{color|red|article}}.
::'''tősi''', ''adj.'' {{color|red|definite}}.
::'''altősi''', ''adj.'' {{color|red|indefinite}}.
*'''rexsa̋ƿo''', determiner.


==='''ȝexrę̋ȝos''' - grammar===
==Diacritics - '''goine̋uo''' गोइने॓उओ ==
*'''a̋caþo''', object.
*''cpd'' '''ȝemne̋uo''', diaeresis ['''ȝe̋ma''', ''t.v.'' pair; '''ne̋uo''', sign].
*'''de̋ici''', ''adj.'' demonstrative.
*''pol'' '''m̃e̋ho''' मे॓हो, caron [< '''m̃e̋ho''', wedge].
*'''ðę́fętőȝanti''', ''adj.''  prodrop.
*''cpd'' '''pemne̋uo''', caron ['''pe̋mo''', lip; '''ne̋uo''', sign].
*'''fa̋si''', ''adj.'' subordinate, dependent.
*''cpd'' '''piðne̋uo''', {{Color|red|macron}} ['''pı̋ða''', ''t.v.'' lengthen; '''ne̋uo''', sign].
::'''fastőso''', clause.
*''afx'' '''pőɫko''', {{Color|red|ogonek}} [< '''pőɫo''', tail; '''-ko''', ''diminutive suffix''].
*'''fűlo''', root.
*''cpd'' '''šen̈e̋uo''', accent mark ['''še̋no''', tone; '''ne̋uo''', sign].
*'''ǧe̋nƿi''', ''adj.'' {{color|red|feminine}}.
**'''d̬ók̨orne̋uo''', secondary accent mark (double acute).
*'''ȝővta''', apposition.
**'''þűnk̨orne̋uo''', primary accent mark (acute).
::'''ȝovsa̋ƿo''', appositive.
*''cpd'' '''simne̋uo''', tilde ['''sı̋ma''', ''t.v.'' whisper; '''ne̋uo''', sign].
::'''ȝovsa̋ƿi''', ''adj.'' appositive.
*''cpd'' '''ufbőto''', dot above ['''úpa''', ''postp.'' above; '''bőto''', dot].
*'''kı̋lu''', subject.
*''cpd'' '''vain̈e̋uo''', retroflex hook ['''va̋ino''', palate; '''ne̋uo''', sign].
*'''kı̋si''', ''adj.'' indicative.
*'''lűka''', number.
::'''semlűki''', ''adj.'' singular.
::'''męlűki''', ''adj.'' plural.
*'''ƿe̋xƿi''', ''adj.'' {{color|red|neuter}}.
*'''ƿı̨̋rƿi''', ''adj.'' {{color|red|masculine}}.
*'''ðe̋ra''', mood.
::'''ęvðe̋ra''', imperative mood.
::'''fęþðe̋ra''', {{color|red|infinitive}}.
::'''ȝeþðe̋ra''', relative mood.
::'''kisðe̋ra''', indicative mood.
::'''alne̋sðe̋ra''', subjunctive mood.
*'''nıkı̋lu''', ''adj.'' null-subject.
*'''ne̋uda''', case.
::'''ðęne̋uda''', dative case.
::'''fęþne̋uda''', nominative case.
::'''haƿne̋uda''', vocative case.
::'''ȝąne̋uda''', accusative case.
*'''nǫ̋a''', aspect.
::'''álþuxnǫ̋a''', imperfective aspect.
::'''avnǫ̋a''', prospective aspect.
::'''en(ɛn)ǫ̋a''', inclinational aspect.  
::'''f̣ųðnǫ̋a''', causative aspect.
::'''meƿnǫ̋a''', progressive/continuous aspect.
::'''ƿesnǫ̋a''', desiderative aspect.
::'''nevnǫ̋a''', recent perfective aspect.
::'''sęrnǫ̋a''', frequentative aspect.
::'''šeðnǫ̋a''', habitual aspect.
::'''toðnǫ̋a''', inceptive aspect.
::'''þuxnǫ̋a''', perfective aspect.
::'''vųmnǫ̋a''', debitive aspect.
*'''pą̋sa''', voice.
::'''kipą̋sa''', active voice.
::'''pępą̋sa''', passive voice.
*'''te̋na''', tense.
::'''imte̋na''', present imperfective tense.
::'''feste̋na''', past imperfective tense.
::'''poste̋na''', future imperfective tense.
::'''ímþuxte̋na''', present perfect tense.
::'''fésþuxte̋na''', past perfect tense.
::'''pósþuxte̋na''', future perfect tense.


==='''šenmǫ̋da''' - manner of articulation===
*'''ciše̋no''', sibilant.
*'''cuše̋no''', {{color|red|trill}}.
*'''d̬ífemše̋no''', bilabial.
*'''femše̋no''', {{color|red|labial}}.
::fémšenkı̋a''', labialization.
*'''ȝovše̋no''', {{color|red|approximant}}.
*'''keðše̋no''', {{color|red|guttural}}.
*'''mǫ̋va''', ''t.v.'' lenite.
*'''naše̋no''', nasal.
*'''muiþše̋no''', alveolar.
*'''paxše̋no''', stop, plosive, occlusive.
*'''páxtirše̋no''', affricate.
*'''pįlše̋no''', tap, flap.
*'''rįše̋no''', dental.
*'''serše̋no''', sonorant.
*'''tįrše̋no''', fricative, spirant.
*'''vainše̋no''', palatal.
::'''váinšenkı̋a''', palatalization.


==='''tosḅőra''' = syntax===
==Phonology - '''sám̃šensa̋a̋r̈a''' स॔म़्स़वोन्सा॓र्र==
*'''tőso''', sentence.
*''cpd'' '''šenha̋ira''', syncope ['''še̋no''', sound; '''ha̋ȝa''', ''t.v.'' lose].
::'''meþtőso''', interrogative sentence.
*''cpd'' '''šenm̃őőƣra''', epenthesis ['''še̋no''', sound; '''m̃őőga''', ''t.v.'' add on].
*'''ƿa̋iþi''', ''adj.'' predicate, predicative.
*''cpd'' '''šenőőnta''', accent ['''še̋no''', sound; '''őőnta''', height].
*'''ƿı̨̋o ȝe̋xo''', absolute construction.
*''cpd'' '''šenőira''', elision ['''še̋no''', sound; '''őȝa''', ''t.v.'' take away].


==='''šenǫ̋nta''' - accent===
*'''šenƶę̋no''', accent mark.
::'''dáᵹšenƶę̋no''', secondary accent mark (double acute).
::'''ke̋ᵹko''', ogonek.
::'''rę́ðšenƶę̋no''', primary accent mark (acute).
::'''ręzne̋uo''', {{color|red|macron}}.


==='''šensą̋ra''' - phonology===
==Miscellany - '''kaþı̋ȝa''' कथि॓य==
*'''šenha̋ȝa''', syncope.
*''cpd'' '''boðše̋no''', consonant ['''bődo''', body; '''še̋no''', sound].
*'''šenƿǫ̋ga''', epenthesis.
*''cpd'' '''d̬iše̋no''', {{Color|red|diphthong}} ['''d̬i-''', two; '''še̋no''', sound].
*'''šenőȝa''', elision.
*''pol'' '''lőȝo''', diminutive [< '''lőȝa''', ''i.v.'' reduce].
*''cpd'' '''ruunpa̋fra''', alphabet ['''rűűno''', letter; '''pa̋fa''', ''t.v.'' put in order].
*''drv'' '''sa̋m̃|o''', word [< '''sa̋m̃a''', speak]; '''-pafn̨a̋ro''', syllabary; '''-pa̋fra''', word order ['''pa̋fa''', ''t.v.''  put in order]; '''-pűl=o''', syllable ['''pűla''', ''t.v.'' divide]; '''=ı̋d̨a,''' syllabify; '''=ı̋dıra''', syllabification; '''=m̃i''', ''adj.'' syllabic; '''=pı̋ðo''', mora ['''pı̋ða''', ''t.v.'' lengthen]; '''-šensa̋a̋r̈a''', phonetics ['''še̋no''', sound; '''sa̋a̋ra''', ''t.v.'' know]; '''-te̋iðra ''', semantics ['''te̋iða''', ''t.v.'' mean]; '''-zinsa̋a̋r̈a''', morphology ['''zı̋na''', ''t.v.'' form].
*001 '''sűű|a''', '''1''' ''t.v.'' decline, inflect, conjugate '''2''' ''i.v.'' inflect, conjugate; '''-ra''', declension, inflection, conjugation.
*''pol'' '''sűűþra''', deixis [< '''sűűta''', ''t.v.'' show].
*''cpd'' '''šen|me̋iþra''', intonation ['''še̋no''', sound; '''me̋iþa''', ''t.v.'' change]; '''-mesa̋a̋r̈a''', prosody ['''me̋a''', ''t.v.'' measure; '''sa̋a̋ra''', ''t.v.'' know]; '''-þűno''', phoneme ['''þűno''', unit].
*''cpd'' '''ṡ̨uuše̋no''',  vowel [<'''ṡ̨űűu''', soul; '''še̋no''', sound].
*''pol'' '''ta̋a̋ȝa''', ''t.v.'' parse [< '''ta̋a̋ȝa''', ''t.v.'' analyze].
*''cpd'' '''t̨óóltarne̋xaþo''', calque. ['''t̨őőla''', ''t.v.'' reflect; '''tarne̋xa''', ''t.v.'' translate].


==='''kaþı̋ȝa''' - miscellany===
*'''boðše̋no''', consonant.
*'''ċųše̋no''',  vowel.
*'''d̬iše̋no''', diphthong.
*'''pa̋ra''', deixis.
*'''rųnı̋da''', alphabet.
*'''sa̋ƿo''', word.
::'''sa̋ƿdı̋la''', semantics.
::'''saƿı̋da''', word order.
::'''saƿme̋lo''', syllable.
::'''sáƿšensa̋ra''', phonetics.
::'''sáƿzinsą̋ra''', morphology.
*002 '''sų̋a''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' decline, inflect, conjugate. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' inflect, conjugate.
::'''sų̋a''', declension, inflection, conjugation.
*'''šenlę̋pa''', intonation.
*'''šénmesą̋ra''', prosody.
*'''šense̋mo''', phoneme.
*'''tą̋ȝa''', parse.


==='''šenrı̨̋nmo''' - Sound chart===
==Sound chart - '''šenrı̋ı̋nmo''' स्वेनरी॓न्मो==
*'''feműko''', first row of graphemes (labials).
*''cpd'' '''peműko''', first row of graphemes (labials).
*'''rįsűko''', second row of graphemes (dentals).
*''cpd'' '''riis̈űko''', second row of graphemes (dentals).
*'''muiþűko''', third row of graphemes (alveolars).
*''cpd'' '''muitűko''', third row of graphemes (alveolars).
*'''vainűko''', fourth row of graphemes (palatals).
*''cpd'' '''vainűko''', fourth row of graphemes (palatals).
*'''ċųše̋nűko''', fifth row of graphemes (vowels).
*''cpd'' '''ṡ̨úúšenűko''', fifth row of graphemes (vowels).

Latest revision as of 16:06, 16 September 2024

Pronunciation table

peműko
(labial)
 riisűko
(dental) 		muitűko
(alveolar) 		vainűko
(palatal) 		ṡ̨uuše̋nos
(vowels with प) 		nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos
(weak vowels)
p
 b f v m̃ m t d þ ð ɫ l ṡ ż s z r n k g x ƣ h ȝ š s̨ i e a ɔ o u ı ɛ y
प
 ब फ भ म़ म त द थ ध ल़ ल च ज स स़ र न क ग क़ ग़ ह य स्व स्य इ ई
पि पी 		ए एै
पे पै 		अ आ
प पा 		ऒ ॵ
पॊ पॏ 		ओ औ
पो पौ 		उ ऊ
पु पू 		पं पऺ पॅ
/p/ /b/ /ɸ/ /β/ /m̥/ /m/ /t/ /d/ /θ/ /ð/ /l̥/ /l/ /ʦ/ /ʣ/ /s/ /z/ /ɾ̥/ /n/ /k/ /g/ /ç/ /ʝ/ /j̊/ /j/ /sʷ/ /sʲ/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /ɒ/ /o/ /u/ /ɪ/ /ɛ/ /ʊ/


Notes

  1. cpd = a compound of two or more roots, e.g., ðééa, in place of, + fe̋e̋to, noun = ðeefe̋e̋to, pronoun.
  2. drv = a word derived from a root, e.g., sa̋m̃o, word, < sa̋m̃a, t.v. speak.
  3. pol = a word with a different, but related sense to an original word, e.g., te̋na, tense < te̋na, time
  4. These words are not numbered, as only original roots are numbered
  5. Words in red indicate a feature that does not occur in Senjecas.


Punctuation - bőþra बो॓थ्र

  • drv botı̋d̨a, punctuate [< bőto, point].
  • cpd boþne̋uo, punctuation mark [bőto, point; ne̋uo, sign].
  • cpd deusbőto, period (:) [de̋usa, t.v. stop].
  • cpd d̬obőto, colon [d̬ő, two].
  • cpd meinbőto, clause hyphen (—) [me̋ino, thought].
  • cpd meþbőto, question mark [me̋ta, t.v. ask].
  • cpd m̃iibőto, interpunct (·) [m̃ı̋ı̋i, adj. separate].
  • cpd ƣeðbőto, prefix hyphen (-) [ƣe̋ða, t.v. join].
  • cpd tirbőto, paragraph end (⁝) [tı̋r, three].
  • cpd żaarbőto, exclamation point [ża̋a̋ra, t.v. exclaim].
  • cpd żóxd̬obőto, semicolon [żóku, almost; d̬ő, two].


Affixes - evse̋gos एभ्से॓गोस्

  • cpd ense̋go, infix [éna, postp. in; se̋ga, t.v. fasten].
  • cpd fas̈a̋m̃o, clitic [fa̋sa, t.v. depend on; sa̋m̃o, word].
  • cpd n̨oofse̋go, prefix [n̨óópa, postp. before].
  • cpd pos̈e̋go, suffix [pósa, postp. after].
  • cpd þolse̋go, circumfix [þóla, postp. on both sides].


Parts of speech - sam̃fa̋a̋ȝos सम़्फा॓योस्

  • cpd ðeefe̋e̋to, pronoun
    • cpd altósðeefe̋e̋to, indefinite pronoun.
    • cpd anánðeefe̋e̋to, reciprocal pronoun.
    • cpd déisðeefe̋e̋to, demonstrative pronoun.
    • cpd hómðeefe̋e̋to, personal pronoun.
    • cpd m̃álðeefe̋e̋to, intensive pronoun.
    • cpd náánðeefe̋e̋to, reflexive pronoun.
    • cpd úð̤eefe̋e̋to, possessive pronoun.
  • pol fe̋e̋to, noun, substantive [< fe̋e̋ta, t.v. name].
    • cpd ál̤uxfe̋e̋to, mass noun.
    • cpd altaƣfe̋e̋to, abstract noun.
    • cpd lezfe̋e̋to, collective noun.
    • cpd luxfe̋e̋to, count noun.
    • cpd m̃exfe̋e̋to, concrete noun.
    • cpd koinfe̋e̋to, common noun.
    • cpd šeeðfe̋e̋to, proper noun.
  • cpd (fe̋e̋þ)gansa̋m̃|o, adjective; -i, adj. adjectival.
    • drv še̋e̋ðm̃i, adj. attributive.
    • drv m̃a̋iþi, adj. predicative.
  • cpd ȝoorsa̋m̃o, expletive.
  • cpd ȝovsa̋m̃o, adposition.
    • cpd ensa̋m̃o, inposition.
    • cpd n̨oofsa̋m̃o, preposition.
    • cpd pos̈a̋m̃o, postposition.
    • cpd þolsa̋m̃o, circumposition.
  • drv ka̋a̋to, verb [< ka̋a̋ta, i.v. assert].
    • cpd aska̋a̋to, transitive verb.
    • cpd álaska̋a̋to, intransitive verb.
    • cpd d̬ígaamsa̋m̃o, participle.
      • cpd kid̬ígaamsa̋m̃o, active participle.
      • cpd peed̬ígaamsa̋m̃o, passive participle.
    • cpd fym̃uka̋a̋to, infinitive.
    • cpd kaaþfe̋e̋to, supine.
    • cpd ƣeðka̋a̋to, copula.
    • cpd reeƣka̋a̋to, auxiliary verb.
  • cpd kaaþga̋nlo, adverb; -i, adj. adverbial.
  • cpd ƣeðsa̋m̃o, conjunction.
    • cpd fásƣeðsa̋m̃o, subordinating conjunction.
    • cpd ȝémƣeðsa̋m̃o, correlative conjunction.
    • cpd párƣeðsa̋m̃o, co-ordinating conjunction.
  • cpd rexsa̋m̃o, determiner.
  • cpd sa̋m̃ko, particle.
    • cpd m̃iisa̋m̃ko, disjunctive particle.
    • cpd ánvaasa̋m̃ko, quotative particle.
  • cpd tevsa̋m̃o, article.
    • drv tősi, adj. definite.
    • drv altősi, adj. indefinite.


Grammar - ȝexre̋e̋ȝos येखरै॓योस

  • cpd a̋ṡaþo, object.
  • pol de̋iṡi, adj. demonstrative [< de̋iṡa, t.v. demonstrate].
  • cpd ðééfeetőȝanti, adj. prodrop.
  • pol ðe̋r̈a, mood [< ðe̋r̈a, attitude].
    • alnesðe̋r̈a, subjunctive mood.
    • eevðe̋r̈a, imperative mood.
    • kisðe̋r̈a, indicative mood.
  • pol fa̋si, adj. subordinate, dependent [< fa̋sa, t.v. depend on].
    • fastőso, clause.
  • pol fűlo, root [< fűla, t.v. root].
  • pol ȝe̋þra, voice [< ȝe̋ta, t.v. relate to].
    • kiȝe̋þra, active voice.
    • peeȝe̋þra, passive voice.
  • pol ȝővta, apposition [< ȝőba, t.v. approach].
    • ȝovsa̋m̃=o, appositive; =i, adj. appositive.
  • afx kı̋|lu, subject [< kı̋a, t.v. do; -lu, agent suffix]; al~, null-subject. -si, adj. indicative.
  • pol le̋żo, gender [< le̋żo, category].
    • ǧe̋nm̃i, adj. feminine.
    • m̃e̋xm̃i, adj. neuter.
    • m̃ı̋ı̋rm̃i, adj. masculine.
  • pol lűxra, number [< lűxra, enumeration].
    • d̬olűxri, adj. dual.
    • meelűxri, adj. plural.
    • þunlűxri, adj. singular.
  • pol ne̋uda, case [< ne̋udo, function].
    • ðeene̋uda, genitive case [ðe̋e̋a, t.v. locate].
    • feeþne̋uda, nominative case [fe̋e̋ta, t.v. name].
    • ham̃ne̋uda, vocative case [ha̋m̃a, t.v. call].
    • ȝaane̋uda, accusative case [ȝa̋a̋a, t.v. move].
  • pol nőőra, aspect [< nőőra, view].
    • álþuxnőőa, imperfective aspect.
    • avnőőa, prospective aspect.
    • deusnőőa, terminative aspect.
    • f̨uuðnőőa, causative aspect.
    • mem̃nőőa, progressive/continuous aspect.
    • m̃esnőőa, desiderative aspect.
    • nevnőőa, recent perfective aspect.
    • seernőőa, frequentative aspect.
    • šan̈őőa, inclinational aspect.
    • šeðnőőa, habitual aspect.
    • toðnőőa, inceptive aspect.
    • þuxnőőa, perfective aspect.
    • vuumnőőa, debitive aspect.
  • cpd parsa̋m̃o, correlative word [pa̋ra, t.v. correspond; sa̋m̃o, word].
  • pol te̋na, tense [< te̋na, time].
    • imte̋na, present imperfective tense.
    • feste̋na, past imperfective tense.
    • poste̋na, future imperfective tense.
    • ímþuxte̋na, present perfect tense.
    • fésþuxte̋na, past perfect tense.
    • pósþuxte̋na, future perfect tense.


Manner of articulation - šenmőőda स्वेन्मौ॓द

  • cpd ȝovše̋no, approximant.
  • cpd keðše̋no, guttural
  • pol mőőv|a, t.v. lenite -ra, lenition [< mőőva, t.v. soften].
  • cpd muiþše̋no, alveolar.
  • cpd naš̤e̋no, nasal.
  • cpd pax|še̋no, stop, plosive, occlusive. -tiirše̋no, affricate.
  • cpd pemše̋n|o, labial; d̬í~, bilabial. -kı̋ra, labialization.
  • cpd piilše̋no, tap, flap.
  • cpd riiš̤e̋no, dental.
  • cpd serše̋no, sonorant.
  • cpd ṡiš̤e̋no, sibilant.
  • cpd ṡuš̤e̋no, trill.
  • cpd tiirše̋no, fricative, spirant.
  • cpd vainše̋n|o, palatal; -kı̋ra, palatalization.


Syntax - m̃aiþrĕb̨őra म़इथ्रऺब्यो॓र

  • pol m̃a̋iþ|ro, sentence; meþ~, interrogative sentence [< m̃a̋iþa, i.v. declare]. -i, adj. predicate, predicative.
  • cpd m̃ı̋ı̋o ȝe̋ko, absolute construction [m̃ı̋ı̋a, t.v. separate; ȝe̋ko, phrase].


Diacritics - goine̋uo गोइने॓उओ

  • cpd ȝemne̋uo, diaeresis [ȝe̋ma, t.v. pair; ne̋uo, sign].
  • pol m̃e̋ho मे॓हो, caron [< m̃e̋ho, wedge].
  • cpd pemne̋uo, caron [pe̋mo, lip; ne̋uo, sign].
  • cpd piðne̋uo, macron [pı̋ða, t.v. lengthen; ne̋uo, sign].
  • afx pőɫko, ogonek [< pőɫo, tail; -ko, diminutive suffix].
  • cpd šen̈e̋uo, accent mark [še̋no, tone; ne̋uo, sign].
    • d̬ók̨orne̋uo, secondary accent mark (double acute).
    • þűnk̨orne̋uo, primary accent mark (acute).
  • cpd simne̋uo, tilde [sı̋ma, t.v. whisper; ne̋uo, sign].
  • cpd ufbőto, dot above [úpa, postp. above; bőto, dot].
  • cpd vain̈e̋uo, retroflex hook [va̋ino, palate; ne̋uo, sign].


Phonology - sám̃šensa̋a̋r̈a स॔म़्स़वोन्सा॓र्र

  • cpd šenha̋ira, syncope [še̋no, sound; ha̋ȝa, t.v. lose].
  • cpd šenm̃őőƣra, epenthesis [še̋no, sound; m̃őőga, t.v. add on].
  • cpd šenőőnta, accent [še̋no, sound; őőnta, height].
  • cpd šenőira, elision [še̋no, sound; őȝa, t.v. take away].


Miscellany - kaþı̋ȝa कथि॓य

  • cpd boðše̋no, consonant [bődo, body; še̋no, sound].
  • cpd d̬iše̋no, diphthong [d̬i-, two; še̋no, sound].
  • pol lőȝo, diminutive [< lőȝa, i.v. reduce].
  • cpd ruunpa̋fra, alphabet [rűűno, letter; pa̋fa, t.v. put in order].
  • drv sa̋m̃|o, word [< sa̋m̃a, speak]; -pafn̨a̋ro, syllabary; -pa̋fra, word order [pa̋fa, t.v. put in order]; -pűl=o, syllable [pűla, t.v. divide]; =ı̋d̨a, syllabify; =ı̋dıra, syllabification; =m̃i, adj. syllabic; =pı̋ðo, mora [pı̋ða, t.v. lengthen]; -šensa̋a̋r̈a, phonetics [še̋no, sound; sa̋a̋ra, t.v. know]; -te̋iðra , semantics [te̋iða, t.v. mean]; -zinsa̋a̋r̈a, morphology [zı̋na, t.v. form].
  • 001 sűű|a, 1 t.v. decline, inflect, conjugate 2 i.v. inflect, conjugate; -ra, declension, inflection, conjugation.
  • pol sűűþra, deixis [< sűűta, t.v. show].
  • cpd šen|me̋iþra, intonation [še̋no, sound; me̋iþa, t.v. change]; -mesa̋a̋r̈a, prosody [me̋a, t.v. measure; sa̋a̋ra, t.v. know]; -þűno, phoneme [þűno, unit].
  • cpd ṡ̨uuše̋no, vowel [<ṡ̨űűu, soul; še̋no, sound].
  • pol ta̋a̋ȝa, t.v. parse [< ta̋a̋ȝa, t.v. analyze].
  • cpd t̨óóltarne̋xaþo, calque. [t̨őőla, t.v. reflect; tarne̋xa, t.v. translate].


Sound chart - šenrı̋ı̋nmo स्वेनरी॓न्मो

  • cpd peműko, first row of graphemes (labials).
  • cpd riis̈űko, second row of graphemes (dentals).
  • cpd muitűko, third row of graphemes (alveolars).
  • cpd vainűko, fourth row of graphemes (palatals).
  • cpd ṡ̨úúšenűko, fifth row of graphemes (vowels).
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