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Senjecas crafts and industry: Difference between revisions

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==Pronunciation table==
==Pronunciation table==
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:1300px;"
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:1150px;"
! colspan="6" | <center>पेमु॓को<br>peműko<br>(labial)</center>
! colspan="6" | <center>'''peműko'''<br>(labial)</center>
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! colspan="6" | रीसु॓कॊ<br>riisűko<br>(dental)
! colspan="6" | '''riisűko'''<br>(dental)
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! colspan="6" | मुइतु॓को<br>muitűko<br>(alveolar)
! colspan="6" | '''muitűko'''<br>(alveolar)
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! colspan="6-" | भइनु॓को<br>vainűko<br>(palatal)
! colspan="6-" | '''vainűko'''<br>(palatal)
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! colspan="6" | च्युस्वे॓नोस् <br>ṡ̨uuše̋nos<br>(vowels with प)
! colspan="6" | '''ṡ̨uuše̋nos'''<br>(vowels with प)
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!colspan="3" | नि॓थो  च्युस्वे॓नोस्  <br>nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos''' <br>(weak vowels)
! colspan="3" | '''nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos'''<br>(weak vowels)
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! <center>p</center>
! <center>p</center>
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! i
! i  
! e
! e
! a
! a
! ɔ
! [[Wikipedia:O|ɔ]]
! o
! o
! u
! u
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! ĭ
! ı
! ĕ
! ɛ
! ŭ
! y
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| <center>प</center>
! <center>प</center>
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| म़
! म़
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! म
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! त
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| ल़
! ल़
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! ल
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! च
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| स़
! स़
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! र
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! न
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| क
!
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| ख
! क़
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! [[Wikipedia:Gha|ग़]]
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! ह
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! [[Wikipedia:Yogh|य]]
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| त्व
! स्व
| त्य
! स्य
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| इ ई<br><br>पि पी
! इ ई<br>पि पी
| ए एै<br><br>पे पै
! ए एै<br>पे पै
| अ आ<br><br>प पा
! अ आ<br>प पा
| ऒ ॵ<br><br>पॊ पॏ
! ऒ ॵ<br>पॊ पॏ
| ओ औ<br><br>पो पौ
! ओ औ<br>पो पौ
| उ ऊ<br><br>पु पू
! उ ऊ<br>पु पू
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!
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| तं
! पं
| तऺ
! पऺ
| तॅ
! पॅ
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==Notes==
==Notes==
#''cpd'' = a compound of two or more roots, ''e.g.'', '''ma̋żo''', oil + '''őőro''', cloth = '''mażőőro''', oilskin.
#''cpd'' = a compound of two or more roots, ''e.g.'', '''ma̋żo''', oil + '''őőro''', cloth = '''mażőőro''', oilskin.
#''drv'' = a word derived from a root, ''e.g.'', '''la̋u|ða''', ''t.v.'' cover with lead,  < '''la̋uðo''', lead.
#''drv'' = a word derived from a root, ''e.g.'', '''la̋uða''', ''t.v.'' cover with lead,  < '''la̋uðo''', lead.
#These words are not numbered, as only original roots are numbered.
#These words are not numbered, as only original roots are numbered.
#Words in {{Color|red|red}} indicate an item that did not exist in Sefdaania.  
#Words in {{Color|red|red}} indicate an item that did not exist in Sefdaania.  
#There are 62 root words ([[Wikipedia:Lemma (morphology)|lemmata]]) of which 47 are verbs and none is an adjective which can be treated as a stative verb. Thus 76 percent of the vocabulary is verbs.
#There are 65 root words ([[Wikipedia:Lemma (morphology)|lemmata]]) of which 24 are verbs and none is an adjective which can be treated as a stative verb. Thus 40 percent of the vocabulary is verbs.




==Crafts & Industry – '''űűrask̬e műkak̬e''' ऊ॓रस्क्वे मु॓कक्वे==
==Crafts & Industry – '''űűrask̬e műkak̬e''' ऊ॓रस्क्वे मु॓कक्वे==
===General terms– '''kőino sa̋m̃os''' को॓इनो स॓म़ोस्===
===General terms– '''kőino sa̋m̃os''' को॓इनो स॓म़ोस्===
*''cpd'' '''mażőőro''', oilskin, oilcloth [< '''ma̋żo''', oil; '''őőro''', cloth].
*''cpd'' '''mażőőro''', oilskin, oilcloth ['''ma̋żo''', oil; '''őőro''', cloth].
*001 '''űű|ra''', ''t.v.'' craft; compose, draft [> Turkish ''<u>uz</u>'', craftsman]. '''-rlo''', craft tool. '''-rlu''', craftsman, artisan, draftsman. '''-ro''', object crafted; work of art; composition. '''-ros''', the arts. '''–r̈a''', craft, technique, art.
*001 '''űű|ra''', ''t.v.'' craft; compose, draft [> Turkish ''<u>uz</u>'', craftsman]. '''-rlo''', craft tool. '''-rlu''', craftsman, artisan, draftsman. '''-ro''', object crafted; work of art; composition. '''-ros''', the arts. '''–r̈a''', craft, technique, art.
*002 '''xe̋m|o''', tool, implement, utensil [> Japanese かま  '''<u>kám</u>a''', sickle]. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''i.v.'' tool. '''-os, equipment.
*002 '''xe̋m|o''', tool, implement, utensil [> Japanese かま  ''<u>kám</u>a'', sickle]. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''i.v.'' tool. '''-os''', equipment.


===Chandlery – '''ȝaakűűra''' याकू॓र===
===Chandlery – '''ȝaakűűr̈a''' याकू॓र===
*003 '''ȝa̋a̋|ko''', candle; '''taar~''', taper. '''-ka''', ''i.v.'' make-, dip-, -candles. -'''ka̋mo''', candlestick, candleholder. '''-xde̋mo''', chandlery [''shop'']. '''-xf̨őþo''', candlelight. '''-xgı̋ȝo''', candlemark. '''-xlu''', chandler.
*003 '''ȝa̋a̋|ko''', candle; '''taar~''', taper. '''-ka''', ''i.v.'' make-, dip-, -candles. -'''ka̋mo''', candlestick, candleholder. '''-xde̋mo''', chandlery [''shop'']. '''-xf̨őþo''', candlelight. '''-xgı̋ȝo''', candlemark. '''-xlu''', chandler.


===Weaving - '''oorűűra''' औरू॓र===
===Weaving - '''oorűűr̈a''' औरू॓र===
*004 '''bőko''', wool [> [[Wikipedia:Tamil language|Tamil]] ''<u>poc</u>cu'', hair].
*004 '''bőko''', wool [> [[Wikipedia:Tamil language|Tamil]] ''<u>poc</u>cu'', hair].
*005 '''fı̋ȝo''', spindle [> Turkish ''<u>ij</u>i'', spindle].
*005 '''fı̋ȝo''', spindle [> Turkish ''<u>ij</u>i'', spindle].
*006 '''fűþo''', woof [> Korean ''<u>pad</u>ak'', weave].
*006 '''fűþo''', woof [> Korean ''<u>pad</u>ak'', weave].
*''drv'' '''kana̋|pi''', ''adj.'' hempen, resembling hemp [< '''kana̋pi''', hemp]. '''-pőőro''', canvas. '''-ƥőni''', ''adj.'' hempen, made of hemp.
*''drv'' '''kana̋|pi''', ''adj.'' hempen, resembling hemp ['''kana̋pi''', hemp]. '''-pőőro''', canvas. '''-ƥőni''', ''adj.'' hempen, made of hemp.
*007 '''kőőm̃|o''', shuttle. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' pass the shuttle back and forth, shuttle.  
*007 '''kőőm̃|o''', shuttle. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' pass the shuttle back and forth, shuttle.  
*008 '''m̃erte̋n|o''', distaff. '''-űlo''', distaff fly-wheel.
*008 '''m̃erte̋n|o''', distaff. '''-űlo''', distaff fly-wheel.
*009 '''őőr|a''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' weave. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' weave [> Japanese おる ''<u>ór</u>u'',  weave]. '''-a̋lo''', weaver's beam, warp beam. '''-e̋mo''', batten, lathe of the loom. '''–lo''', loom. '''–lu''', weaver, webster. '''–no''', web, webbing. '''-o''', fabric, cloth, textile, material, stuff. '''-űűra''', (the art of) weaving.
*009 '''őőr|a''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' weave. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' weave [> Japanese おる ''<u>ór</u>u'',  weave]. '''-a̋lo''', weaver's beam, warp beam. '''-e̋mo''', batten, lathe of the loom. '''–lo''', loom. '''–lu''', weaver, webster. '''–no''', web, webbing. '''-o''', fabric, cloth, textile, material, stuff. '''-űűr̈a''', (the art of) weaving.
*010 '''őőrd|o''', warp. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' set up a warp. '''-ĕlo''', heddle.
*010 '''őőrd|o''', warp. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' set up a warp. '''-ĕlo''', heddle.
*011 '''pa̋þ|o''', comb of a loom [> Korean ''<u>pad</u>i'', comb of a loom]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' use a loom comb.
*011 '''pa̋þ|o''', comb of a loom [> Korean ''<u>pad</u>i'', comb of a loom]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' use a loom comb.
*012 '''pe̋n|a''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' spin. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' spin [> English s<u>pin</u>]. '''-re̋þo''', spinning wheel.
*012 '''pe̋n|a''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' spin. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' spin [> English s<u>pin</u>]. '''-re̋þo''', spinning wheel.
*013 '''sa̋i|ta''', ''i.v.'' weave a net [> English <u>set</u>a]. '''-to''', net. '''-þlu''', weaver.
*013 '''űz|a''', ''t.v.'' comb, card. [> [[Wikipedia:Kodava language|Kodava]] ''<u>ūk-</u>'', comb]. '''–lo''', carding-, -comb, -brush.
*014 '''űz|a''', ''t.v.'' comb, card. [> [[Wikipedia:Kodava language|Kodava]] ''<u>ūk-</u>'', comb]. '''–lo''', carding-, -comb, -brush.
 
===Woodworking - '''mááþliigűűra ''' म॔थ्लीगू॓र===
*018 '''ge̋e̋s|a''', ''t.v.'' plane. '''-lo''', plane.
*019 '''ı̋ı̋ð|o''', lathe. '''-a̋a̋gu''', turner. '''-de̋mo''', turnery [''shop'']. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' turn on a lathe. '''-ı̋ȝo''', turnery [''objects'']. '''-űűra''', turnery [''craft''].
*020 '''kɔ̋m̃|o''', (single-bladed) axe, hatchet [> Lithuanian ''<u>kir</u>vis'', axe]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' brandish an axe. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' hew, cut (down), chop, fell, cleave. '''-lu''', axman.
*021 '''k̬ɔ̋s|u''', carpenter. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' carpenter. '''-űűra''', carpentry.
*022 '''lőn|o''', drill. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' drill [> Japanese のみ  ''<u>nóm</u>i'', chisel].
*023 '''lő|ṡo''', saw [> Japanese のこ ''<u>nők</u>o'', saw]. '''-slu''', sawyer. '''-sni''', ''adj.'' serrated. '''-sxa̋no''', [[Wiktionary:sawpit|sawpit]].  '''-ṡa''', ''i.v.'' saw.  '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' saw.
*024 '''n̨űűn|a''', ''t.v.'' adze [> Turkish ''<u>jon</u>-'', to adze]. '''-lo''', adze.
*025 '''ṡa̋a̋n|a''', ''t.v.'' chisel [> Telugu ''<u>sēn</u>amu'', chisel]. '''-lo''', chisel. '''-lu''', chiseler.
 
===Pottery – '''liigűűra''' लीगू॓र===
*026 '''ðe̋ih|o''', clay [> English <u>dough</u>]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' pug, knead clay and-, -build-, -smear-, with it, puddle. '''-i''', ''adj.'' clayey, argillaceous. '''-lo''', form, mold.
*027 '''lı̋ı̋|ga''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' fashion, model, throw [''a pot''], make [''clothes''], work [''wood, stone'']. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' model [> English <u>ly</u>]. '''-go''', figure, build, frame, stature, configuration. '''-gűűr=a''', ceramics, pottery. '''=a̋a̋gu''', ceramicist. '''-ƣlo''', model, pattern. '''-ƣlu''', potter. '''-ƣre̋þo''', potter's wheel.
*''cpd'' '''paiðe̋iho''', kaolin [< '''pa̋ȝi''', ''adj.''  white; '''ðe̋iho''', clay].
*''cpd'' '''sausa̋uxo''', kiln [< '''sa̋usi''', ''adj.'' dry; '''a̋uxo''', oven].


===Glaziery – '''vedűűra''' भेदू॓र===
===Woodworking - '''mááþliigűűr̈a ''' म॔थ्लीगू॓र===
*''cpd'' '''penve̋do''', spun glass [< '''pe̋na''', ''t.v.'', spin; '''ve̋do''', glass].
*014 '''ge̋e̋s|a''', ''t.v.'' plane. '''-lo''', plane.
*028 '''ṡ̬a̋no''', enamel [> Greek ''<u>κυαν</u>ός'', blue].
*015 '''ı̋ı̋ð|o''', lathe. '''-a̋a̋gu''', turner. '''-de̋mo''', turnery [''shop'']. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' turn on a lathe. '''-ı̋ȝo''', turnery [''objects'']. '''-űűr̈a''', turnery [''craft''].
*029 '''ve̋|do''', glass [> [[Wikipedia:Telugu language|Telugu]] ''<u>viḍ</u>i'', clear]. '''-da̋a̋gu''', glass-maker. '''-dı̋ȝo''', glassware. '''-d̨őni''', ''adj.'' made of glass, glassy, vitreous. '''-ðbı̋ı̋ðo''', glasspaper, glassine. '''–ðda̋ro''', glassworks. '''-ðge̋lko''', glass bead. '''-ðle̋mo''', glass shard. '''-ðme̋e̋=lo''', glassblower's pipe. '''=lu''', glassblower. '''-ðni''', ''adj.'' glasslike, glassy, vitreous. '''-ðpa̋lto''', pane of glass. '''-ðsı̋ı̋mlo''', glass cutter. '''-ðxe̋rdo''', glass splinter.
*016 '''kɔ̋m̃|o''', (single-bladed) axe, hatchet [> Lithuanian ''<u>kir</u>vis'', axe]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' brandish an axe. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' hew, cut (down), chop, fell, cleave. '''-lu''', axman.
*017 '''k̬ɔ̋s|u''', carpenter. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' carpenter. '''-űűr̈a''', carpentry.
*018 '''lőn|o''', drill. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' drill [> Japanese のみ  ''<u>nóm</u>i'', chisel].
*019 '''lő|ṡo''', saw [> Japanese のこ ''<u>nők</u>o'', saw]. '''-slu''', sawyer. '''-sni''', ''adj.'' serrated. '''-sxa̋no''', [[Wiktionary:sawpit|sawpit]]. '''-ṡa''', ''i.v.'' saw. '''-ṡı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' saw.
*020 '''n̨űűn|a''', ''t.v.'' adze [> Turkish ''<u>jon</u>-'', to adze]. '''-lo''', adze.
*021 '''ṡa̋a̋n|a''', ''t.v.'' chisel [> [[Wiktionary:Telugu language|Telugu]] ''<u>sēn</u>amu'', chisel]. '''-lo''', chisel. '''-lu''', chiseler.


===Needlecraft – '''ṡuuűűra''' चूऊ॓र===
===Pottery – '''liigűűr̈a''' लीगू॓र===
*030 '''e̋þ|a''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' quilt. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' quilt. '''-lu''', quilter. '''-o''', quilt. '''-ra''', quilting.
*022 '''a̋ko''', form, mold [> [[Wikipedia:Tamil language|Tamil]] ''<u>ac</u>cu'', mold].
*''cpd'' '''fersa̋flo''', thimble [< '''fe̋ro''', thumb; '''sa̋pa''', ''t.v.'', protect].
*023 '''ðe̋ih|o''', clay [> English <u>dough</u>]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' pug, knead clay and-, -build-, -smear-, with it, puddle. '''-i''', ''adj.'' clayey, argillaceous.
*031 '''f̨ű|ka''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' embroider. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' embroider [> Mongolian ''<u></u>ulǯa'', spiral embroidery]. '''-ko''', embroidered item. '''-kűűra''', embroidery. '''-xlu''', embroiderer.
*024 '''lı̋ı̋|ga''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' fashion, model, throw [''a pot''], make [''clothes''], work [''wood, stone'']. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' model [> English <u>-ly</u>]. '''-go''', figure, build, frame, stature, configuration. '''-gűűr=a''', ceramics, pottery. '''=a̋a̋gu''', ceramicist. '''-ƣlo''', model, pattern. '''-ƣlu''', potter. '''-ƣre̋þo''', potter's wheel.
*032 '''k̨ű|fo''', silk [''fabric''] [> Korean ''<u>kīp</u>'', silk]. '''-fa''', ''t.v.'' weave [''silk'']. '''-fi''', ''adj.'' silken, silky. '''-fnűűlo''', silk thread. '''-f̨őni''', ''adj.'' made of silk.
*''cpd'' '''paiðe̋iho''', kaolin ['''pa̋ȝi''', ''adj.'' white; '''ðe̋iho''', clay].
*033 '''me̋e̋|ga''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' knit. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' knit [> English <u>mesh</u>]. '''-ƣlo''', knitting needle.
*''cpd'' '''sausa̋uxo''', kiln ['''sa̋usi''', ''adj.'' dry; '''a̋uxo''', oven].
*034 '''nűűl|o''', thread. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' thread [> Tamil ''<u>nūl</u>'', thread].
*035 '''sı̋sa''', ''t.v.'' baste [> Japanese すそ ''<u>sus</u>o'', hem].
*036 '''s̨a̋|bo''', awl, pricker, bodkin [> Korean ''<u>hō</u>'', sew]. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' use an awl on. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' use an awl.
*037 '''s̨űű|a''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' sew, stitch, tack, suture. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' sew, stitch [> English <u>sew</u>]. '''-ṡı̋ı̋ro''', hem. '''-e̋ro''', eye of a needle. '''-lo''', [''sewing''] needle. '''-lu''', seamster. '''-o''', stitch. '''-ra''', sewing. '''-þo''', seam, suture. '''-űűra''', needle-work, stitchery.
*038 '''zőmo''', gore, gusset [> Korean 소매  ''<u>som</u>ae'', sleeve].


===Wickerwork – '''goműűra''' गोमू॓र===
===Glaziery – '''vedűűr̈a''' भेदू॓र===
*039 '''gőm|a''', ''t.v.'' weave wicker. '''-ı̋ȝo''', wicker(work). '''-k̬e̋so''', wicker basket. '''-lu''', wicker maker. '''-o''', wicker. '''-se̋do''', wicker chair.
*''cpd'' '''penve̋do''', spun glass ['''pe̋na''', ''t.v.'', spin; '''ve̋do''', glass].
*''cpd'' '''kaðk̬e̋so''', basket with a lid [< '''kaðo''', lid; '''k̬e̋so''', basket].
*025 '''ṡ̬a̋no''', enamel [> Greek ''<u>κυαν</u>ός'', blue].
*040 '''kőnt|a''', ''i.v.'' weave [''birchbark basket'']. [> Finnish ''<u>kont</u>ti'', birch basket]. '''-o''', birchbark basket.
*026 '''ve̋|do''', glass [> [[Wikipedia:Telugu language|Telugu]] ''<u>viḍ</u>i'', clear]. '''-da̋a̋gu''', glass-maker. '''-dı̋ȝo''', glassware. '''-d̨őni''', ''adj.'' made of glass, glassy, vitreous. '''-ðbı̋ı̋ðo''', glasspaper, glassine. '''–ðda̋ro''', glassworks. '''-ðge̋lko''', glass bead. '''-ðle̋mo''', glass shard. '''-ðme̋e̋=lo''', glassblower's pipe. '''=lu''', glassblower. '''-ðni''', ''adj.'' glasslike, glassy, vitreous. '''-ðpa̋lto''', pane of glass. '''-ðsı̋ı̋mlo''', glass cutter. '''-ðxe̋rdo''', glass splinter.
*041 '''k̬e̋s|o''', basket, hamper [> Latin ''<u>quā</u>lum'', wicker basket]. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' weave [''a basket'']. '''-ı̋ȝo''', basketry. '''-lu''', basket maker. '''-űűra''', basketry.
*042 '''sa̋ǧ|o''', bamboo basket. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' weave [''bamboo basket''].


===Mining – '''guupűűra''' गूपू॓र===
===Needlecraft – '''ṡuuűűr̈a''' चूऊ॓र===
*043 '''gűű|po''', mine [> English ''<u>cov</u>e'']. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' mine. '''-fle̋ga''', seepage. '''-flu''', miner. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' mine (for).
*027 '''anko''', selvage [> [[Wikipedia:Tamil language|Tamil]] ''<u>an</u>_su'', selvage].
*044 '''x̨űm|o''', coal [> Turkish ''<u>köm</u>ür'', coal]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' mine coal. '''-da̋ro''', colliery. '''-gűűpo''', coal mine. '''-le̋ƣo''', coal seam. '''-lu''', coal-miner, collier. '''-pı̋=ko''', (coal) tar. '''=ki''', ''adj.'' tarry, tarried. '''=xm̃i''', ''adj.'' tarred.
*028 '''e̋þ|a''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' quilt. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' quilt. '''-lu''', quilter. '''-o''', quilt. '''-ra''', quilting.
*''cpd'' '''fersa̋flo''', thimble ['''fe̋ro''', thumb; '''sa̋pa''', ''t.v.'', protect].
*029 '''f̨ű|ka''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' embroider. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' embroider [> Mongolian ''<u>uɣ</u>ulǯa'', spiral embroidery]. '''-ko''', embroidered item. '''-kűűr̈a''', embroidery. '''-xlu''', embroiderer.
*030 '''k̨ű|fo''', silk [''fabric''] [> Korean ''<u>kīp</u>'', silk]. '''-fa''', ''t.v.'' weave [''silk'']. '''-fi''', ''adj.'' silken, silky. '''-fnűűlo''', silk thread. '''-f̨őni''', ''adj.'' made of silk.
*031 '''me̋e̋|ga''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' knit. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' knit [> English <u>mesh</u>]. '''-ƣlo''', knitting needle.
*032 '''nűűl|o''', thread. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' thread [> [[Wikipedia:Tamil language|Tamil]] ''<u>nūl</u>'', thread].
*033 '''sı̋sa''', ''t.v.'' baste [> Japanese すそ ''<u>sus</u>o'', hem].
*034 '''s̨a̋|bo''', awl, pricker, bodkin [> Korean ''<u></u>'', sew]. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' use an awl on. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' use an awl.
*035 '''s̨űű|a''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' sew, stitch, tack, suture. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' sew, stitch [> English <u>sew</u>]. '''-ṡı̋ı̋ro''', hem. '''-e̋ro''', eye of a needle. '''-lo''', [''sewing''] needle. '''-lu''', seamster. '''-o''', stitch. '''-ra''', sewing. '''-þo''', seam, suture. '''-űűr̈a''', needle-work, stitchery.
*036 '''zőmo''', gore, gusset [> Korean 소매  ''<u>som</u>ae'', sleeve].


===Leatherwork - '''koonűűra''' कौनू॓र===
===Wickerwork – '''goműűr̈a''' गोमू॓र===
*045 '''ȝő|da''', ''t.v.'' tan, dress [''a hide''] [> Mongolian ''<u>id</u>eɣe'', tanning stuff]. '''-do''', tanned hide. '''-ðde̋mo,''' tannery. '''-ðlu''', tanner. '''-ðra''', tannage. '''-ðt̬i''', tannin.
*037 '''gőm|a''', ''t.v.'' weave wicker. '''-ı̋ȝo''', wicker(work). '''-k̬e̋so''', wicker basket. '''-lu''', wicker maker. '''-o''', wicker. '''-se̋do''', wicker chair.
*046 '''kőő|no''', leather [> Turkmen ''<u>gön</u>'', leather]. '''-na''', ''i.v.'' work in leather. '''-ni''', ''adj.'' leathern, leathery, resembling leather. '''-nlu''', leather worker. '''-nma̋lt̬i''', [[Wikipedia:Dubbin|dubbin]]. '''-n̨őni''', ''adj.'' leathern, (made of) leather.
*''cpd'' '''kaðk̬e̋so''', basket with a lid ['''kaðo''', lid; '''k̬e̋so''', basket].
*047 '''meemsa̋ðro''', flesh side of a hide [> English <u>mem</u>ber].
*038 '''kőnt|a''', ''i.v.'' weave [''birchbark basket'']. [> Finnish ''<u>kont</u>ti'', birch basket]. '''-o''', birchbark basket.
*048 '''m̨a̋x|o''', pelt, fell [> Japanese むく ''<u>muk</u>u'', shaggy hair]. '''-ı̋ȝo''', peltry.
*039 '''k̬e̋s|o''', basket, hamper [> Latin ''<u>quā</u>lum'', wicker basket]. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' weave [''a basket'']. '''-ı̋ȝo''', basketry. '''-lu''', basket maker. '''-űűr̈a''', basketry.
*049 '''t̬a̋ko''', hide [> Ancient Greek ''<u>σάκ</u>ος'', leather shield].
*040 '''sa̋ǧ|o''', bamboo basket. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' weave [''bamboo basket''].
*050 '''xa̋|da''', ''t.v.'' scrape hide [> Japanese ''<u>kez</u>ur-'', scrape off]. '''–ðlo''', hide scraper, [[Wikipedia:Ulu|ulu]].


===Construction – '''deműűra''' देमू॓र===
===Mining – '''guupűűr̈a''' गूपू॓र===
*051 '''apa̋lo''', plaster [> [[Wikipedia:Telugu language|Telugu]] ''<u>appaḷ</u>incu'', smear].
*041 '''gűű|po''', mine [> English ''<u>cov</u>e'']. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' mine. '''-fle̋ga''', seepage. '''-flu''', miner. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' mine ('''tááda''', for).
*''cpd'' '''busta̋a̋ino''', adobe [< '''bűṡa''', ''t.v.'' dry under the sun; '''ta̋a̋ino''', stone].
*042 '''x̨űm|o''', coal [> Turkish ''<u>köm</u>ür'', coal]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' mine coal. '''-da̋ro''', colliery. '''-gűűpo''', coal mine. '''-le̋ƣo''', coal seam. '''-lu''', coal-miner, collier. '''-pı̋=ko''', (coal) tar. '''=ki''', ''adj.'' tarry, tarried. '''=xm̃i''', ''adj.'' tarred.
*052 '''ðűv|a''', ''t.v.'' nail, fasten with pegs; stretch [''canvas'']. [> English <u>dow</u>el]. '''-de̋nṡo''', pliers. '''-o''', nail, stud, tack; peg.
*053 '''fı̋ı̋|xa''', ''t.v.'' file, rasp [> Turkish ''<u></u>e'', file]. '''-xlo''', file, ratchet, rasp. '''-ẍe̋rdo''', filings.
*054 '''f̨őr|a''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' screw. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' screw [> Japanese ほる ''<u>hór</u>u'', dig]. '''-lo''', screwdriver. '''-o''', screw.
*''cpd'' '''leefvőðlo''', trowel [< '''le̋e̋pa''', ''t.v.'' level; '''vőðlo''', shovel].
*055 '''ṡómoṡı̋ȝo''', pickaxe.
*056 '''ṡomőőro''', stone hammer.
*057 '''þű|ṡo''', hammer [> Japanese きづち ''ki<u>dzuch</u>í'', mallet]. '''-slu''', hammerer. '''-sżo''', sledge hammer. '''-ṡı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' hammer.


===Carving - '''laðűűra''' लधू॓र===
===Leatherwork - '''koonűűr̈a''' कौनू॓र===
*058 '''la̋ð|a''', ''t.v.'' carve, sculpt [> Finnish ''<u>lat</u>u'', trace]. '''-lu''', carver, sculptor. '''-o''', carving, sculpture, statue. '''-űűra''', carving, sculpting.
*043 '''ȝő|da''', ''t.v.'' tan, dress [''a hide''] [> Mongolian ''<u>id</u>eɣe'', tanning stuff]. '''-do''', tanned hide. '''-ðde̋mo,''' tannery. '''-ðlu''', tanner. '''-ðra''', tannage. '''-ðt̬i''', tannin.
*059 '''pela̋bo''', figure made of stone or clay, statue, figurine [> Japanese はにわ ''<u>haniw</u>a'', clay figurines].
*044 '''kőő|no''', leather [> Turkmen ''<u>gön</u>'', leather]. '''-na''', ''i.v.'' work in leather. '''-ni''', ''adj.'' leathern, leathery, resembling leather. '''-nlu''', leather worker. '''-nma̋lt̬i''', [[Wikipedia:Dubbin|dubbin]]. '''-n̨őni''', ''adj.'' leathern, (made of) leather.
*045 '''meemsa̋ðro''', flesh side of a hide [> English <u>mem</u>ber].
*046 '''m̨a̋x|o''', pelt, fell [> Japanese むく ''<u>muk</u>u'', shaggy hair]. '''-ı̋ȝo''', peltry.
*047 '''t̬a̋ko''', hide [> Ancient Greek ''<u>σάκ</u>ος'', leather shield].
*048 '''xa̋|da''', ''t.v.'' scrape hide [> Japanese ''<u>kez</u>ur-'' けずる, scrape off]. '''–ðlo''', hide scraper, [[Wikipedia:Ulu|ulu]].


===Metalwork – '''ponűűra''' पोनू॓र===
===Construction – '''deműűr̈a''' देमू॓र===
*''drv'' '''la̋u|ða''', ''t.v.'' (cover with-, line with-, weigh with-) –lead [< '''la̋uðo''', lead]. '''-ðva̋lo''', lead foil. '''-ð̨őni''', ''adj.'' leaden, made of lead.
*049 '''apa̋lo''', plaster [> [[Wikipedia:Telugu language|Telugu]] ''<u>appaḷ</u>incu'', smear].
*''cpd'' '''busta̋a̋ino''', adobe ['''bűṡa''', ''t.v.'' dry under the sun; '''ta̋a̋ino''', stone].
*050 '''ðűv|a''', ''t.v.'' nail, fasten with pegs; stretch [''canvas''] [> English <u>dow</u>el]. '''-de̋nṡo''', pliers. '''-o''', nail, stud, tack; peg.
*051 '''fı̋ı̋|xa''', ''t.v.'' file, rasp [> Turkish ''<u>eğ</u>e'', file]. '''-xlo''', file, ratchet, rasp. '''-ẍe̋rdo''', filings.
*052 '''f̨őr|a''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' screw. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' screw [> Japanese ほる ''<u>hór</u>u'', dig]. '''-lo''', screwdriver. '''-o''', screw.
*''cpd'' '''leefvőðlo''', trowel ['''le̋e̋pa''', ''t.v.'' level; '''vőðlo''', shovel].
*053 '''ṡómoṡı̋ȝo''', pickaxe.
*054 '''ṡomőőro''', stone hammer.
*055 '''þű|ṡo''', hammer [> Japanese きづち ''ki<u>dzuch</u>í'', mallet]. '''-slu''', hammerer. '''-sżo''', sledge hammer. '''-ṡı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' hammer.


===Shoemaking – '''þááv̈aanűűra''' था॔भ्भानू॓र===
===Carving - '''laðűűr̈a''' लधू॓र===
*060 '''lűűs|o''', last. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' last.
*056 '''la̋ð|a''', ''t.v.'' carve, sculpt [> Finnish ''<u>lat</u>u'', trace]. '''-lu''', carver, sculptor. '''-o''', carving, sculpture, statue. '''-űűr̈a''', carving, sculpting.
*''cpd'' '''þaav̈a̋a̋n|a''', make shoes, cobble [< '''þa̋a̋bo''', shoe; '''va̋a̋na''', make]. '''–lu''', cobbler.
*057 '''pela̋bo''', figure made of stone or clay, statue, figurine [> Japanese はにわ ''<u>haniw</u>a'', clay figurines].


===Storytelling – '''ɫoműűra''' ल़ोमू॓र===
===Metalwork – '''ponűűr̈a''' पोनू॓र===
*''cpd'' '''fesɫ̨őm|o''', history. [< '''fe̋si''', ''adj.'' past; '''ɫ̨őmo''', story] '''-a̋a̋gu''', historian.
*''drv'' '''la̋u|ða''', ''t.v.'' (cover with-, line with-, weigh with-) -lead ['''la̋uðo''', lead]. '''-ðva̋lo''', lead foil. '''-ð̨őni''', ''adj.'' leaden, made of lead.
*061 '''ɫ̨őm|o''', legend, fable, tale, saga, story, tradition [> Korean 이야기 ''<u>iyag</u>i'', tale]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' tell stories, spin yarns. '''-lu''', storyteller, fable writer.
*''cpd'' '''taam̃ba̋a̋no''', crucible ['''ta̋a̋m̃a''', ''t.v.'' melt, fuse, smelt, liquefy; '''ba̋a̋no''', pot, jar].


===Jewelry – '''n̨eműűra''' न्येमू॓र===
===Shoemaking – '''þááv̈aanűűr̈a''' था॔भ्भानू॓र===
*062 '''n̨e̋m|o''', jewel, gem [> Tocharian A ''<u>ñem</u>i'', jewel]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' make jewelry. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' jewel, bejewel. '''-ı̋ȝo''', jewelry. '''-lu''', jeweler, lapidary.
*058 '''lűűs|o''', last. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' last.
*''cpd'' '''þaav̈a̋a̋n|a''', make shoes, cobble ['''þa̋a̋bo''', shoe; '''va̋a̋na''', make]. '''–lu''', cobbler.


===Storytelling – '''ɫoműűr̈a''' ल़ोमू॓र===
*''cpd'' '''fesɫ̨őm|o''', history ['''fe̋si''', ''adj.'' past; '''ɫ̨őmo''', story]. '''-a̋a̋gu''', historian.
*059 '''ɫ̨őm|o''', legend, fable, tale, saga, story, tradition [> Korean 이야기 ''<u>iyag</u>i'', tale]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' tell stories, spin yarns. '''-lu''', storyteller, fable writer.
*060 '''naatako''', play, show, drama [> Tocharian B ''<u>nāṭak</u>'' play, show, drama].
*061 '''ve̋|a''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' compose a poem. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' compose a poem [> Czech ''<u>bás</u>eň'', poem]. '''-lu''', poet. '''-o''', poem. '''-űűr̈a''', poetry, poesy.


[[Senjecas cuisine]]
===Jewelry – '''n̨eműűr̈a''' न्येमू॓र===
*062 '''n̨e̋m|o''', jewel, gem [> Tocharian A ''<u>ñem</u>i'', jewel]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' make jewelry. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' jewel, bejewel. '''-ı̋ȝo''', jewelry. '''-lu''', jeweler, lapidary, gemcutter. '''-m̃i''', ''adj.''  lapidary.

Latest revision as of 12:49, 14 September 2024

Pronunciation table

peműko
(labial)
riisűko
(dental)
muitűko
(alveolar)
vainűko
(palatal)
ṡ̨uuše̋nos
(vowels with प)
nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos
(weak vowels)
p
b f v m t d þ ð ɫ l ż s z r n k g x ƣ h ȝ š i e a ɔ o u ı ɛ y
म़ ल़ स़ क़ ग़ स्व स्य इ ई
पि पी
ए एै
पे पै
अ आ
प पा
ऒ ॵ
पॊ पॏ
ओ औ
पो पौ
उ ऊ
पु पू
पं पऺ पॅ
/p/ /b/ /ɸ/ /β/ /m̥/ /m/ /t/ /d/ /θ/ /ð/ /l̥/ /l/ /ʦ/ /ʣ/ /s/ /z/ /ɾ̥/ /n/ /k/ /g/ /ç/ /ʝ/ /j̊/ /j/ /sʷ/ /sʲ/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /ɒ/ /o/ /u/ /ɪ/ /ɛ/ /ʊ/


Notes

  1. cpd = a compound of two or more roots, e.g., ma̋żo, oil + őőro, cloth = mażőőro, oilskin.
  2. drv = a word derived from a root, e.g., la̋uða, t.v. cover with lead, < la̋uðo, lead.
  3. These words are not numbered, as only original roots are numbered.
  4. Words in red indicate an item that did not exist in Sefdaania.
  5. There are 65 root words (lemmata) of which 24 are verbs and none is an adjective which can be treated as a stative verb. Thus 40 percent of the vocabulary is verbs.


Crafts & Industry – űűrask̬e műkak̬e ऊ॓रस्क्वे मु॓कक्वे

General terms– kőino sa̋m̃os को॓इनो स॓म़ोस्

  • cpd mażőőro, oilskin, oilcloth [ma̋żo, oil; őőro, cloth].
  • 001 űű|ra, t.v. craft; compose, draft [> Turkish uz, craftsman]. -rlo, craft tool. -rlu, craftsman, artisan, draftsman. -ro, object crafted; work of art; composition. -ros, the arts. –r̈a, craft, technique, art.
  • 002 xe̋m|o, tool, implement, utensil [> Japanese かま káma, sickle]. -ı̋d̨a, i.v. tool. -os, equipment.

Chandlery – ȝaakűűr̈a याकू॓र

  • 003 ȝa̋a̋|ko, candle; taar~, taper. -ka, i.v. make-, dip-, -candles. -ka̋mo, candlestick, candleholder. -xde̋mo, chandlery [shop]. -xf̨őþo, candlelight. -xgı̋ȝo, candlemark. -xlu, chandler.

Weaving - oorűűr̈a औरू॓र

  • 004 bőko, wool [> Tamil poccu, hair].
  • 005 fı̋ȝo, spindle [> Turkish iji, spindle].
  • 006 fűþo, woof [> Korean padak, weave].
  • drv kana̋|pi, adj. hempen, resembling hemp [kana̋pi, hemp]. -pőőro, canvas. -ƥőni, adj. hempen, made of hemp.
  • 007 kőőm̃|o, shuttle. -a, i.v. pass the shuttle back and forth, shuttle.
  • 008 m̃erte̋n|o, distaff. -űlo, distaff fly-wheel.
  • 009 őőr|a, 1. t.v. weave. 2. i.v. weave [> Japanese おる óru, weave]. -a̋lo, weaver's beam, warp beam. -e̋mo, batten, lathe of the loom. –lo, loom. –lu, weaver, webster. –no, web, webbing. -o, fabric, cloth, textile, material, stuff. -űűr̈a, (the art of) weaving.
  • 010 őőrd|o, warp. -a, i.v. set up a warp. -ĕlo, heddle.
  • 011 pa̋þ|o, comb of a loom [> Korean padi, comb of a loom]. -a, i.v. use a loom comb.
  • 012 pe̋n|a, 1. t.v. spin. 2. i.v. spin [> English spin]. -re̋þo, spinning wheel.
  • 013 űz|a, t.v. comb, card. [> Kodava ūk-, comb]. –lo, carding-, -comb, -brush.

Woodworking - mááþliigűűr̈a म॔थ्लीगू॓र

  • 014 ge̋e̋s|a, t.v. plane. -lo, plane.
  • 015 ı̋ı̋ð|o, lathe. -a̋a̋gu, turner. -de̋mo, turnery [shop]. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. turn on a lathe. -ı̋ȝo, turnery [objects]. -űűr̈a, turnery [craft].
  • 016 kɔ̋m̃|o, (single-bladed) axe, hatchet [> Lithuanian kirvis, axe]. -a, i.v. brandish an axe. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. hew, cut (down), chop, fell, cleave. -lu, axman.
  • 017 k̬ɔ̋s|u, carpenter. -a, i.v. carpenter. -űűr̈a, carpentry.
  • 018 lőn|o, drill. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. drill [> Japanese のみ nómi, chisel].
  • 019 lő|ṡo, saw [> Japanese のこ nőko, saw]. -slu, sawyer. -sni, adj. serrated. -sxa̋no, sawpit. -ṡa, i.v. saw. -ṡı̋d̨a, t.v. saw.
  • 020 n̨űűn|a, t.v. adze [> Turkish jon-, to adze]. -lo, adze.
  • 021 ṡa̋a̋n|a, t.v. chisel [> Telugu sēnamu, chisel]. -lo, chisel. -lu, chiseler.

Pottery – liigűűr̈a लीगू॓र

  • 022 a̋ko, form, mold [> Tamil accu, mold].
  • 023 ðe̋ih|o, clay [> English dough]. -a, i.v. pug, knead clay and-, -build-, -smear-, with it, puddle. -i, adj. clayey, argillaceous.
  • 024 lı̋ı̋|ga, 1. t.v. fashion, model, throw [a pot], make [clothes], work [wood, stone]. 2. i.v. model [> English -ly]. -go, figure, build, frame, stature, configuration. -gűűr=a, ceramics, pottery. =a̋a̋gu, ceramicist. -ƣlo, model, pattern. -ƣlu, potter. -ƣre̋þo, potter's wheel.
  • cpd paiðe̋iho, kaolin [pa̋ȝi, adj. white; ðe̋iho, clay].
  • cpd sausa̋uxo, kiln [sa̋usi, adj. dry; a̋uxo, oven].

Glaziery – vedűűr̈a भेदू॓र

  • cpd penve̋do, spun glass [pe̋na, t.v., spin; ve̋do, glass].
  • 025 ṡ̬a̋no, enamel [> Greek κυανός, blue].
  • 026 ve̋|do, glass [> Telugu viḍi, clear]. -da̋a̋gu, glass-maker. -dı̋ȝo, glassware. -d̨őni, adj. made of glass, glassy, vitreous. -ðbı̋ı̋ðo, glasspaper, glassine. –ðda̋ro, glassworks. -ðge̋lko, glass bead. -ðle̋mo, glass shard. -ðme̋e̋=lo, glassblower's pipe. =lu, glassblower. -ðni, adj. glasslike, glassy, vitreous. -ðpa̋lto, pane of glass. -ðsı̋ı̋mlo, glass cutter. -ðxe̋rdo, glass splinter.

Needlecraft – ṡuuűűr̈a चूऊ॓र

  • 027 anko, selvage [> Tamil an_su, selvage].
  • 028 e̋þ|a, 1. t.v. quilt. 2. i.v. quilt. -lu, quilter. -o, quilt. -ra, quilting.
  • cpd fersa̋flo, thimble [fe̋ro, thumb; sa̋pa, t.v., protect].
  • 029 f̨ű|ka, 1. t.v. embroider. 2. i.v. embroider [> Mongolian ulǯa, spiral embroidery]. -ko, embroidered item. -kűűr̈a, embroidery. -xlu, embroiderer.
  • 030 k̨ű|fo, silk [fabric] [> Korean kīp, silk]. -fa, t.v. weave [silk]. -fi, adj. silken, silky. -fnűűlo, silk thread. -f̨őni, adj. made of silk.
  • 031 me̋e̋|ga, 1. t.v. knit. 2. i.v. knit [> English mesh]. -ƣlo, knitting needle.
  • 032 nűűl|o, thread. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. thread [> Tamil nūl, thread].
  • 033 sı̋sa, t.v. baste [> Japanese すそ suso, hem].
  • 034 s̨a̋|bo, awl, pricker, bodkin [> Korean , sew]. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. use an awl on. -a, i.v. use an awl.
  • 035 s̨űű|a, 1. t.v. sew, stitch, tack, suture. 2. i.v. sew, stitch [> English sew]. -ṡı̋ı̋ro, hem. -e̋ro, eye of a needle. -lo, [sewing] needle. -lu, seamster. -o, stitch. -ra, sewing. -þo, seam, suture. -űűr̈a, needle-work, stitchery.
  • 036 zőmo, gore, gusset [> Korean 소매 somae, sleeve].

Wickerwork – goműűr̈a गोमू॓र

  • 037 gőm|a, t.v. weave wicker. -ı̋ȝo, wicker(work). -k̬e̋so, wicker basket. -lu, wicker maker. -o, wicker. -se̋do, wicker chair.
  • cpd kaðk̬e̋so, basket with a lid [kaðo, lid; k̬e̋so, basket].
  • 038 kőnt|a, i.v. weave [birchbark basket]. [> Finnish kontti, birch basket]. -o, birchbark basket.
  • 039 k̬e̋s|o, basket, hamper [> Latin quālum, wicker basket]. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. weave [a basket]. -ı̋ȝo, basketry. -lu, basket maker. -űűr̈a, basketry.
  • 040 sa̋ǧ|o, bamboo basket. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. weave [bamboo basket].

Mining – guupűűr̈a गूपू॓र

  • 041 gűű|po, mine [> English cove]. -a, i.v. mine. -fle̋ga, seepage. -flu, miner. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. mine (tááda, for).
  • 042 x̨űm|o, coal [> Turkish kömür, coal]. -a, i.v. mine coal. -da̋ro, colliery. -gűűpo, coal mine. -le̋ƣo, coal seam. -lu, coal-miner, collier. -pı̋=ko, (coal) tar. =ki, adj. tarry, tarried. =xm̃i, adj. tarred.

Leatherwork - koonűűr̈a कौनू॓र

  • 043 ȝő|da, t.v. tan, dress [a hide] [> Mongolian ideɣe, tanning stuff]. -do, tanned hide. -ðde̋mo, tannery. -ðlu, tanner. -ðra, tannage. -ðt̬i, tannin.
  • 044 kőő|no, leather [> Turkmen gön, leather]. -na, i.v. work in leather. -ni, adj. leathern, leathery, resembling leather. -nlu, leather worker. -nma̋lt̬i, dubbin. -n̨őni, adj. leathern, (made of) leather.
  • 045 meemsa̋ðro, flesh side of a hide [> English member].
  • 046 m̨a̋x|o, pelt, fell [> Japanese むく muku, shaggy hair]. -ı̋ȝo, peltry.
  • 047 t̬a̋ko, hide [> Ancient Greek σάκος, leather shield].
  • 048 xa̋|da, t.v. scrape hide [> Japanese kezur- けずる, scrape off]. –ðlo, hide scraper, ulu.

Construction – deműűr̈a देमू॓र

  • 049 apa̋lo, plaster [> Telugu appaḷincu, smear].
  • cpd busta̋a̋ino, adobe [bűṡa, t.v. dry under the sun; ta̋a̋ino, stone].
  • 050 ðűv|a, t.v. nail, fasten with pegs; stretch [canvas] [> English dowel]. -de̋nṡo, pliers. -o, nail, stud, tack; peg.
  • 051 fı̋ı̋|xa, t.v. file, rasp [> Turkish e, file]. -xlo, file, ratchet, rasp. -ẍe̋rdo, filings.
  • 052 f̨őr|a, 1. t.v. screw. 2. i.v. screw [> Japanese ほる hóru, dig]. -lo, screwdriver. -o, screw.
  • cpd leefvőðlo, trowel [le̋e̋pa, t.v. level; vőðlo, shovel].
  • 053 ṡómoṡı̋ȝo, pickaxe.
  • 054 ṡomőőro, stone hammer.
  • 055 þű|ṡo, hammer [> Japanese きづち kidzuchí, mallet]. -slu, hammerer. -sżo, sledge hammer. -ṡı̋d̨a, t.v. hammer.

Carving - laðűűr̈a लधू॓र

  • 056 la̋ð|a, t.v. carve, sculpt [> Finnish latu, trace]. -lu, carver, sculptor. -o, carving, sculpture, statue. -űűr̈a, carving, sculpting.
  • 057 pela̋bo, figure made of stone or clay, statue, figurine [> Japanese はにわ haniwa, clay figurines].

Metalwork – ponűűr̈a पोनू॓र

  • drv la̋u|ða, t.v. (cover with-, line with-, weigh with-) -lead [la̋uðo, lead]. -ðva̋lo, lead foil. -ð̨őni, adj. leaden, made of lead.
  • cpd taam̃ba̋a̋no, crucible [ta̋a̋m̃a, t.v. melt, fuse, smelt, liquefy; ba̋a̋no, pot, jar].

Shoemaking – þááv̈aanűűr̈a था॔भ्भानू॓र

  • 058 lűűs|o, last. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. last.
  • cpd þaav̈a̋a̋n|a, make shoes, cobble [þa̋a̋bo, shoe; va̋a̋na, make]. –lu, cobbler.

Storytelling – ɫoműűr̈a ल़ोमू॓र

  • cpd fesɫ̨őm|o, history [fe̋si, adj. past; ɫ̨őmo, story]. -a̋a̋gu, historian.
  • 059 ɫ̨őm|o, legend, fable, tale, saga, story, tradition [> Korean 이야기 iyagi, tale]. -a, i.v. tell stories, spin yarns. -lu, storyteller, fable writer.
  • 060 naatako, play, show, drama [> Tocharian B nāṭak play, show, drama].
  • 061 ve̋|a, 1. t.v. compose a poem. 2. i.v. compose a poem [> Czech bás, poem]. -lu, poet. -o, poem. -űűr̈a, poetry, poesy.

Jewelry – n̨eműűr̈a न्येमू॓र

  • 062 n̨e̋m|o, jewel, gem [> Tocharian A ñemi, jewel]. -a, i.v. make jewelry. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. jewel, bejewel. -ı̋ȝo, jewelry. -lu, jeweler, lapidary, gemcutter. -m̃i, adj. lapidary.