User:Ahzoh: Difference between revisions
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| Line 377: | Line 377: | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.sg | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.sg | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''paraḫni'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''paraḫni'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''napruḫni'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tapruḫni'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫapruḫni'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parḫanni'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parḫanni'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—'' | ||
| Line 385: | Line 385: | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.sg | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.sg | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''paraḫma'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''paraḫma'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''napruḫma'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tapruḫma'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫapruḫma'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parḫamma'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parḫamma'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parḫū'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parḫū'' | ||
| Line 393: | Line 393: | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.sg | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.sg | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''paraḫta'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''paraḫta'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''napruḫta'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tapruḫta'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫapruḫta'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parḫatta'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parḫatta'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parḫā'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parḫā'' | ||
| Line 401: | Line 401: | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.pl | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.pl | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''paraḫti'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''paraḫti'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''napruḫti'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tapruḫti'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫapruḫti'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parḫatti'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parḫatti'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—'' | ||
| Line 409: | Line 409: | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.pl | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.pl | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''paraḫman'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''paraḫman'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''napruḫman'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tapruḫman'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫapruḫman'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parḫamman'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parḫamman'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parḫūna'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parḫūna'' | ||
| Line 417: | Line 417: | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.pl | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.pl | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''paraḫtan'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''paraḫtan'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''napruḫtan'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tapruḫtan'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫapruḫtan'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parḫattan'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parḫattan'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parḫāna'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parḫāna'' | ||
| Line 433: | Line 433: | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.sg | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.sg | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''paraḫnis(i)'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''paraḫnis(i)'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''napruḫnis(i)'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tapruḫnis(i)'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫapruḫnis(i)'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" colspan="2" | ''parḫannis(i)'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" colspan="2" | ''parḫannis(i)'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.sg | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.sg | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''paraḫmas(i)'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''paraḫmas(i)'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''napruḫmas(i)'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tapruḫmas(i)'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫapruḫmas(i)'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" colspan="2" | ''parḫammas(i)'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" colspan="2" | ''parḫammas(i)'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.sg | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.sg | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''paraḫtas(i)'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''paraḫtas(i)'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''napruḫtas(i)'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tapruḫtas(i)'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫapruḫtas(i)'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" colspan="2" | ''parḫattas(i)'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" colspan="2" | ''parḫattas(i)'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.pl | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.pl | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''paraḫtis(i)'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''paraḫtis(i)'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''napruḫtis(i)'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tapruḫtis(i)'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫapruḫtis(i)'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" colspan="2" | ''parḫattis(i)'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" colspan="2" | ''parḫattis(i)'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.pl | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.pl | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''paraḫmanis'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''paraḫmanis'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''napruḫmanis'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tapruḫmanis'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫapruḫmanis'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" colspan="2" | ''parḫammanis'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" colspan="2" | ''parḫammanis'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.pl | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.pl | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''paraḫtanis'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''paraḫtanis'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''napruḫtanis'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tapruḫtanis'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫapruḫtanis'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" colspan="2" | ''parḫattanis'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" colspan="2" | ''parḫattanis'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
Revision as of 16:32, 12 September 2024
Creator of Vrkhazhian, Onschen and Hussite
𞤹𞤸𞤪
WIP Vrkhazhian Case System
| Animate | Inanimate | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feminine | Masculine | Neuter | |||||||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | ||
| Nominative | -um | -ūwa | -im | -īya | -am | -āya | -as | -āya | |
| Vocative | -u | -i | -a | ||||||
| Accusative | -us | -ūsa | -is | -īsa | -as | -āsa | |||
| Ergative | -un | -ūna | -in | -īna | -an | -āna | -an | -āna | |
| Genitive | -uḫ | -ūwa | -iḫ | -īya | -aḫ | -āya | -aḫ | -āya | |
| Equative | -ūli | -īli | -āli | -āli | |||||
| Animate | Inanimate | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feminine | Masculine | Neuter | |||||||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | ||
| Nominative | -∅ | -ū | -∅ | -ī | -∅ | -ā | -∅ | -ā | |
| Oblique | |||||||||
| Genitive | -u | -i | -a | -a | |||||
| Equative | -ūli | -īli | -āli | -āli | |||||
WIP Verb System
| Strong Verbs | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ḫaśras | namras | parḫas | |
| "???" | "be evil" | "speak, say" | |
| 1sg | ḫaśurni | namirni | paraḫni |
| 2sg | ḫaśurma | namirma | paraḫma |
| 3sg | ḫaśurta | namirta | paraḫta |
| 1pl | ḫaśurti | namirti | paraḫti |
| 2pl | ḫaśurman | namirman | paraḫman |
| 3pl | ḫaśurtan | namirtan | paraḫtan |
| I-Weak Verbs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| yaźbas | wasḫas | ˀaldas | ??? | |
| "???" | "be loyal" | "fight" | "???" | |
| 1sg | yaźubni | wasiḫni | ˀalanni | ??? |
| 2sg | yaźumma | wasiḫma | ˀaladma | ??? |
| 3sg | yaźubta | wasiḫta | ˀalatta | ??? |
| 1pl | yaźubti | wasiḫti | ˀalatti | ??? |
| 2pl | yaźumman | wasiḫman | ˀaladman | ??? |
| 3pl | yaźubtan | wasiḫtan | ˀalattan | ??? |
| II-Weak Verbs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| dūlas | tīlas | ṣābas | lēbas | |
| "dig, reveal" | "destroy" | "kill" | "give" | |
| 1sg | dūlni | tīlni | ṣābni | lēbni |
| 2sg | dūlma | tīlma | ṣāmma | lēmma |
| 3sg | dūlta | tīlta | ṣābta | lēbta |
| 1pl | dūlti | tīlti | ṣābti | lēbti |
| 2pl | dūlman | tīlman | ṣāmman | lēmman |
| 3pl | dūltan | tīltan | ṣābtan | lēbtan |
| III-Weak Verbs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ??? | rāsas | mālas | kēmas | |
| "???" | "be good" | "heal" | "go up, rise" | |
| 1sg | ??? | rasīni | malāni | kemēni |
| 2sg | ??? | rasīma | malāma | kemēma |
| 3sg | ??? | rasīsa | malāsa | kemēsa |
| 1pl | ??? | rasīti | malāti | kemēti |
| 2pl | ??? | rasīman | malāman | kemēman |
| 3pl | ??? | rasīsan | malāsan | kemēsan |
Active Voice
| Conjugation (strong, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) | ||||||
| Infinitive | parḫas | |||||
| Participle | parraḫ- | |||||
| Affirmative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | paraḫni | napruḫni | tapruḫni | ḫapruḫni | parḫanni | — |
| 2.sg | paraḫma | napruḫma | tapruḫma | ḫapruḫma | parḫamma | parḫū |
| 3.sg | paraḫta | napruḫta | tapruḫta | ḫapruḫta | parḫatta | parḫā |
| 1.pl | paraḫti | napruḫti | tapruḫti | ḫapruḫti | parḫatti | — |
| 2.pl | paraḫman | napruḫman | tapruḫman | ḫapruḫman | parḫamman | parḫūna |
| 3.pl | paraḫtan | napruḫtan | tapruḫtan | ḫapruḫtan | parḫattan | parḫāna |
| Negative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | paraḫnis(i) | napruḫnis(i) | tapruḫnis(i) | ḫapruḫnis(i) | parḫannis(i) | |
| 2.sg | paraḫmas(i) | napruḫmas(i) | tapruḫmas(i) | ḫapruḫmas(i) | parḫammas(i) | |
| 3.sg | paraḫtas(i) | napruḫtas(i) | tapruḫtas(i) | ḫapruḫtas(i) | parḫattas(i) | |
| 1.pl | paraḫtis(i) | napruḫtis(i) | tapruḫtis(i) | ḫapruḫtis(i) | parḫattis(i) | |
| 2.pl | paraḫmanis | napruḫmanis | tapruḫmanis | ḫapruḫmanis | parḫammanis | |
| 3.pl | paraḫtanis | napruḫtanis | tapruḫtanis | ḫapruḫtanis | parḫattanis | |
| Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Y-N-D (catch) | ||||||
| Infinitive | yandas | |||||
| Participle | yannad- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | yananni | nīnanni | tīnanni | ḫīnanni | yandanni | — |
| 2.sg | yanadma | nīnadma | tīnadma | ḫīnadma | yandamma | yandū |
| 3.sg | yanatta | nīnatta | tīnatta | ḫīnatta | yandatta | yandā |
| 1.pl | yanatti | nīnatti | tīnatti | ḫīnatti | yandatti | — |
| 2.pl | yanadman | nīnadman | tīnadman | ḫīnadman | yandamman | yandūna |
| 3.pl | yanattan | nīnattan | tīnattan | ḫīnattan | yandattan | yandāna |
| Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) | ||||||
| Infinitive | ṣābas | |||||
| Participle | ṣabb- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | ṣābni | naṣābni | taṣābni | ḫaṣābni | ṣābanni | — |
| 2.sg | ṣāmma | naṣāmma | taṣāmma | ḫaṣāmma | ṣābamma | ṣābū |
| 3.sg | ṣābta | naṣābta | taṣābta | ḫaṣābta | ṣābatta | ṣābā |
| 1.pl | ṣābti | naṣābti | taṣābti | ḫaṣābti | ṣābatti | — |
| 2.pl | ṣāmman | naṣāmman | taṣāmman | ḫaṣāmman | ṣābamman | ṣābūna |
| 3.pl | ṣābtan | naṣābtan | taṣābtan | ḫaṣābtan | ṣābattan | ṣābāna |
| Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R-S-Y (be good, be moral) | ||||||
| Infinitive | rāsas | |||||
| Participle | rassa- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | rasīni | narsīni | tarsīni | ḫarsīni | rāsanni | — |
| 2.sg | rasīma | narsīma | tarsīma | ḫarsīma | rāsamma | rāsū |
| 3.sg | rasīsa | narsīsa | tarsīsa | ḫarsīsa | rāsatta | rāsā |
| 1.pl | rasīti | narsīti | tarsīti | ḫarsīti | rāsatti | — |
| 2.pl | rasīman | narsīman | tarsīman | ḫarsīman | rāsamman | rāsūna |
| 3.pl | rasīsan | narsīsan | tarsīsan | ḫarsīsan | rāsattan | rāsāna |
Causative Voice
| Conjugation (strong, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) | ||||||
| Infinitive | purruḫas | |||||
| Participle | purruḫ- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | parraḫni | naparraḫni | taparraḫni | ḫaparraḫni | parraḫanni | — |
| 2.sg | parraḫma | naparraḫma | taparraḫma | ḫaparraḫma | parraḫamma | parraḫū |
| 3.sg | parraḫta | naparraḫta | taparraḫta | ḫaparraḫta | parraḫatta | parraḫā |
| 1.pl | parraḫti | naparraḫti | taparraḫti | ḫaparraḫti | parraḫatti | — |
| 2.pl | parraḫman | naparraḫman | taparraḫman | ḫaparraḫman | parraḫamman | parraḫūna |
| 3.pl | parraḫtan | naparraḫtan | taparraḫtan | ḫaparraḫtan | parraḫattan | parraḫāna |
| Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Y-N-D (catch) | ||||||
| Infinitive | yunnudas | |||||
| Participle | yunnud- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | yannanni | ninnanni | tinnanni | ḫinnanni | yannadanni | — |
| 2.sg | yannadma | ninnadma | tinnadma | ḫinnadma | yannadamma | yannadū |
| 3.sg | yannatta | ninnatta | tinnatta | ḫinnatta | yannadatta | yannadā |
| 1.pl | yannatti | ninnatti | tinnatti | ḫinnatti | yannadatti | — |
| 2.pl | yannadman | ninnadman | tinnadman | ḫinnadman | yannadamman | yannadūna |
| 3.pl | yanattan | ninnattan | tinnattan | ḫinnattan | yannadattan | yannadāna |
| Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) | ||||||
| Infinitive | ṣubbas | |||||
| Participle | ṣubb- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | ṣâbni | naṣâbni | taṣâbni | ḫaṣâbni | ṣabbanni | — |
| 2.sg | ṣâmma | naṣâmma | taṣâmma | ḫaṣâmma | ṣabbamma | ṣabbū |
| 3.sg | ṣâbta | naṣâbta | taṣâbta | ḫaṣâbta | ṣabbatta | ṣabbā |
| 1.pl | ṣâbti | naṣâbti | taṣâbti | ḫaṣâbti | ṣabbatti | — |
| 2.pl | ṣâmman | naṣâmman | taṣâmman | ḫaṣâmman | ṣabbamman | ṣabbūna |
| 3.pl | ṣâbtan | naṣâbtan | taṣâbtan | ḫaṣâbtan | ṣabbattan | ṣabbāna |
| Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R-S-Y (be good, be moral) | ||||||
| Infinitive | russâs | |||||
| Participle | russu- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | rassīni | narassīni | tarassīni | ḫarassīni | rassanni | — |
| 2.sg | rassīma | narassīma | tarassīma | ḫarassīma | rassamma | rassû |
| 3.sg | rassīsa | narassīsa | tarassīsa | ḫarassīsa | rassatta | rassâ |
| 1.pl | rassīti | narassīti | tarassīti | ḫarassīti | rassatti | — |
| 2.pl | rassīman | narassīman | tarassīman | ḫarassīman | rassamman | rassûna |
| 3.pl | rassīsan | narassīsan | tarassīsan | ḫarassīsan | rassattan | rassâna |
Applicative Voice
| Conjugation (strong, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) | ||||||
| Infinitive | supruḫas | |||||
| Participle | supruḫ- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | sapraḫni | nasapraḫni | tasapraḫni | ḫasapraḫni | sapraḫanni | — |
| 2.sg | sapraḫma | nasapraḫma | tasapraḫma | ḫasapraḫma | sapraḫamma | sapraḫū |
| 3.sg | sapraḫta | nasapraḫta | tasapraḫta | ḫasapraḫta | sapraḫatta | sapraḫā |
| 1.pl | sapraḫti | nasapraḫti | tasapraḫti | ḫasapraḫti | sapraḫatti | — |
| 2.pl | sapraḫman | nasapraḫman | tasapraḫman | ḫasapraḫman | sapraḫamman | sapraḫūna |
| 3.pl | sapraḫtan | nasapraḫtan | tasapraḫtan | ḫasapraḫtan | sapraḫattan | sapraḫāna |
| Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Y-N-D (catch) | ||||||
| Infinitive | sūnudas | |||||
| Participle | sūnud- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | sīnanni | nasīnanni | tasīnanni | ḫasīnanni | sīnadanni | — |
| 2.sg | sīnadma | nasīnadma | tasīnadma | ḫasīnadma | sīnadamma | sīnadū |
| 3.sg | sīnatta | nasīnatta | tasīnatta | ḫasīnatta | sīnadatta | sīnadā |
| 1.pl | sīnatti | nasīnatti | tasīnatti | ḫasīnatti | sīnadatti | — |
| 2.pl | sīnadman | nasīnadman | tasīnadman | ḫasīnadman | sīnadamman | sīnadūna |
| 3.pl | sīnattan | nasīnattan | tasīnattan | ḫasīnattan | sīnadattan | sīnadāna |
| Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) | ||||||
| Infinitive | suṣūbas | |||||
| Participle | suṣūb- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | saṣābni | naṣṣābni | taṣṣābni | ḫaṣṣābni | saṣābanni | — |
| 2.sg | saṣāmma | naṣṣāmma | taṣṣāmma | ḫaṣṣāmma | saṣābamma | saṣābū |
| 3.sg | saṣābta | naṣṣābta | taṣṣābta | ḫaṣṣābta | saṣābatta | saṣābā |
| 1.pl | saṣābti | naṣṣābti | taṣṣābti | ḫaṣṣābti | saṣābatti | — |
| 2.pl | saṣāmman | naṣṣāmman | taṣṣāmman | ḫaṣṣāmman | saṣābamman | saṣābūna |
| 3.pl | saṣābtan | naṣṣābtan | taṣṣābtan | ḫaṣṣābtan | saṣābattan | saṣābāna |
| Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R-S-Y (be good, be moral) | ||||||
| Infinitive | sursâs | |||||
| Participle | sursu- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | sarsīni | nasarsīni | tasarsīni | ḫasarsīni | sarsanni | — |
| 2.sg | sarsīma | nasarsīma | tasarsīma | ḫasarsīma | sarsamma | sarsû |
| 3.sg | sarsīsa | nasarsīsa | tasarsīsa | ḫasarsīsa | sarsatta | sarsâ |
| 1.pl | sarsīti | nasarsīti | tasarsīti | ḫasarsīti | sarsatti | — |
| 2.pl | sarsīman | nasarsīman | tasarsīman | ḫasarsīman | sarsamman | sarsûna |
| 3.pl | sarsīsan | nasarsīsan | tasarsīsan | ḫasarsīsan | sarsattan | sarsâna |
Passive
Passive of Basic
| Conjugation (strong, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) | ||||||
| Infinitive | supruḫas | |||||
| Participle | supruḫ- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | sapriḫni | nasapriḫni | tasapriḫni | ḫasapriḫni | sapriḫanni | — |
| 2.sg | sapriḫma | nasapriḫma | tasapriḫma | ḫasapriḫma | sapriḫamma | sapriḫū |
| 3.sg | sapriḫta | nasapriḫta | tasapriḫta | ḫasapriḫta | sapriḫatta | sapriḫā |
| 1.pl | sapriḫti | nasapriḫti | tasapriḫti | ḫasapriḫti | sapriḫatti | — |
| 2.pl | sapriḫman | nasapriḫman | tasapriḫman | ḫasapriḫman | sapriḫamman | sapriḫūna |
| 3.pl | sapriḫtan | nasapriḫtan | tasapriḫtan | ḫasapriḫtan | sapriḫattan | sapriḫāna |
| Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Y-N-D (catch) | ||||||
| Infinitive | sūnudas | |||||
| Participle | sūnud- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | sīninni | nasīninni | tasīninni | ḫasīninni | sīnidanni | — |
| 2.sg | sīnidma | nasīnidma | tasīnidma | ḫasīnidma | sīnidamma | sīnidū |
| 3.sg | sīnitta | nasīnitta | tasīnitta | ḫasīnitta | sīnidatta | sīnidā |
| 1.pl | sīnitti | nasīnitti | tasīnitti | ḫasīnitti | sīnidatti | — |
| 2.pl | sīnidman | nasīnidman | tasīnidman | ḫasīnidman | sīnidamman | sīnidūna |
| 3.pl | sīnittan | nasīnittan | tasīnittan | ḫasīnittan | sīnidattan | sīnidāna |
| Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) | ||||||
| Infinitive | suṣūbas | |||||
| Participle | suṣūb- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | saṣībni | naṣṣībni | taṣṣībni | ḫaṣṣībni | saṣībanni | — |
| 2.sg | saṣīmma | naṣṣīmma | taṣṣīmma | ḫaṣṣīmma | saṣībamma | saṣībū |
| 3.sg | saṣībta | naṣṣībta | taṣṣībta | ḫaṣṣībta | saṣībatta | saṣībā |
| 1.pl | saṣībti | naṣṣībti | taṣṣībti | ḫaṣṣībti | saṣībatti | — |
| 2.pl | saṣīmman | naṣṣīmman | taṣṣīmman | ḫaṣṣīmman | saṣībamman | saṣībūna |
| 3.pl | saṣībtan | naṣṣībtan | taṣṣībtan | ḫaṣṣībtan | saṣībattan | saṣībāna |
| Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R-S-Y (be good, be moral) | ||||||
| Infinitive | sursâs | |||||
| Participle | sursu- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | sarsīni | nasarsīni | tasarsīni | ḫasarsīni | sarsanni | — |
| 2.sg | sarsīma | nasarsīma | tasarsīma | ḫasarsīma | sarsamma | sarsû |
| 3.sg | sarsīsa | nasarsīsa | tasarsīsa | ḫasarsīsa | sarsatta | sarsâ |
| 1.pl | sarsīti | nasarsīti | tasarsīti | ḫasarsīti | sarsatti | — |
| 2.pl | sarsīman | nasarsīman | tasarsīman | ḫasarsīman | sarsamman | sarsûna |
| 3.pl | sarsīsan | nasarsīsan | tasarsīsan | ḫasarsīsan | sarsattan | sarsâna |
Passive of Causative
| Conjugation (strong, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) | ||||||
| Infinitive | ??? | |||||
| Participle | ??? | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | saparriḫni | nasparriḫni | tasparriḫni | ḫasparriḫni | saparriḫanni | — |
| 2.sg | saparriḫma | nasparriḫma | tasparriḫma | ḫasparriḫma | saparriḫamma | saparriḫū |
| 3.sg | saparriḫta | nasparriḫta | tasparriḫta | ḫasparriḫta | saparriḫatta | saparriḫā |
| 1.pl | saparriḫti | nasparriḫti | tasparriḫti | ḫasparriḫti | saparriḫatti | — |
| 2.pl | saparriḫman | nasparriḫman | tasparriḫman | ḫasparriḫman | saparriḫamman | saparriḫūna |
| 3.pl | saparriḫtan | nasparriḫtan | tasparriḫtan | ḫasparriḫtan | saparriḫattan | saparriḫāna |
| Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Y-N-D (catch) | ||||||
| Infinitive | ??? | |||||
| Participle | ??? | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | sanninni | nasanninni | tasanninni | ḫasanninni | sannidanni | — |
| 2.sg | sannidma | nasannidma | tasannidma | ḫasannidma | sannidamma | sannidū |
| 3.sg | sannitta | nasannitta | tasannitta | ḫasannitta | sannidatta | sannidā |
| 1.pl | sannitti | nasannitti | tasannitti | ḫasannitti | sannidatti | — |
| 2.pl | sannidman | nasannidman | tasannidman | ḫasannidman | sannidamman | sannidūna |
| 3.pl | sannittan | nasannittan | tasannittan | ḫasannittan | sannidattan | sannidāna |
| Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) | ||||||
| Infinitive | ??? | |||||
| Participle | ??? | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | saṣîbni | naṣṣîbni | taṣṣîbni | ḫaṣṣîbni | saṣibbanni | — |
| 2.sg | saṣîmma | naṣṣîmma | taṣṣîmma | ḫaṣṣîmma | saṣibbamma | saṣibbū |
| 3.sg | saṣîbta | naṣṣîbta | taṣṣîbta | ḫaṣṣîbta | saṣibbatta | saṣibbā |
| 1.pl | saṣîbti | naṣṣîbti | taṣṣîbti | ḫaṣṣîbti | saṣibbatti | — |
| 2.pl | saṣîmman | naṣṣîmman | taṣṣîmman | ḫaṣṣîmman | saṣibbamman | saṣibbūna |
| 3.pl | saṣîbtan | naṣṣîbtan | taṣṣîbtan | ḫaṣṣîbtan | saṣibbattan | saṣibbāna |
| Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R-S-Y (be good, be moral) | ||||||
| Infinitive | ??? | |||||
| Participle | ??? | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | sarassīni | nasrassīni | tasrassīni | ḫasrassīni | sarassanni | — |
| 2.sg | sarassīma | nasrassīma | tasrassīma | ḫasrassīma | sarassamma | sarassû |
| 3.sg | sarassīsa | nasrassīsa | tasrassīsa | ḫasrassīsa | sarassatta | sarassâ |
| 1.pl | sarassīti | nasrassīti | tasrassīti | ḫasrassīti | sarassatti | — |
| 2.pl | sarassīman | nasrassīman | tasrassīman | ḫasrassīman | sarassamman | sarassûna |
| 3.pl | sarassīsan | nasrassīsan | tasrassīsan | ḫasrassīsan | sarassattan | sarassâna |
Stem shapes based on stress
Verbs
| Weakness | Realis | Irrealis | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| Strong | PaRáḪ- | -PRáḪ- | PaRḪ-á- |
| Initial Weak | PaRáḪ- | -RáḪ- | PaRḪ-á- |
| Middle Weak | Pā́Ḫ- | -Pā́Ḫ- | PāḪ-á- |
| Final Weak | PaRā́- | -PRā́- | PāR-á- |
| Weakness | Realis | Irrealis | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| Strong | PaRRáḪ- | -PaRRáḪ- | PaRRaḪ-á- |
| Initial Weak | PaRRáḪ- | -RRáḪ- | PaRRaḪ-á- |
| Middle Weak | PấḪ- | -PấḪ- | PaḪḪ-á- |
| Final Weak | PaRRā́- | -PaRRā́- | PaRR-á- |
| Weakness | Realis | Irrealis | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| Strong | saPRáḪ- | -saPRáḪ- | saPRaḪ-á- |
| Initial Weak | sāRáḪ- | -sāRáḪ- | sāRaḪ-á- |
| Middle Weak | saPā́Ḫ- | -sPā́Ḫ- | saPāḪ-á- |
| Final Weak | saPRā́- | -saPRā́- | saPR-á- |
| Weakness | Realis | Irrealis | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| Strong | saPaRRáḪ- | -sPaRRáḪ- | saPaRRaḪ-á- |
| Initial Weak | saRRáḪ- | -saRRáḪ- | saRRaḪ-á- |
| Middle Weak | saPấḪ- | -sPấḪ- | saPaḪḪ-á- |
| Final Weak | saPaRRā́- | -sPaRRā́- | saPaRR-á- |
Deverbatives
| Weakness | Abs. | Cons. | Poss. (Sg.) | Poss. (Pl.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strong | PáRḪ-as | PáRaḪ | PaRáḪ- | PaRḪ-ā́- |
| Initial Weak | PáRḪ-as | PáRaḪ | PaRáḪ- | PaRḪ-ā́- |
| Middle Weak | Pā́Ḫ-as | Pā́Ḫ | Pā́Ḫ- | PāḪ-ā́- |
| Final Weak | Pā́R-as | Pā́R | Pā́R- | PāR-ā́- |
| Weakness | Abs. | Cons. | Poss. (Sg.) | Poss. (Pl.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strong | PaRā́Ḫ-as | PáRāḪ | PaRā́Ḫ- | PaRāḪ-ā́- |
| Initial Weak | PaRā́Ḫ-as | PáRāḪ | PaRā́Ḫ- | PaRāḪ-ā́- |
| Middle Weak | PấḪ-as | PấḪ | PấḪ- | PâḪ-ā́- |
| Final Weak | PaR-ấs | PáRā | PaR-ấ- | |
| Weakness | Abs. | Cons. | Poss. (Sg.) | Poss. (Pl.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strong | PáRRaḪ-as | PáRRaḪ | PaRRáḪ- | PaRRaḪ-ā́- |
| Initial Weak | PáRRaḪ-as | PáRRaḪ | PaRRáḪ- | PaRRaḪ-ā́- |
| Middle Weak | PáḪḪ-as | Pā́Ḫ | PáḪḪ-a | PaḪḪ-ā́- |
| Final Weak | PaRR-ấs | PáRRa | PaRR-ấ- | |
Voice
| Voice | Role/Marking | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | Accusative | Instrumental | |
| Active (Intransitive) | Subject | N/A | N/A |
| Active (Monotransitive) | Subject | Object | N/A |
| Active (Ditransitive) | Subject | Primary Object | Secondary Object |
| Causative/Instrumental | Causer | Causee/Instrument | Object |
Morpheme Chain
| Clausal Proclitics | Relativizer | Tense/Mood | Stem | Imperative | Subject | Negation | Subject Plural (2nd and 3rd) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voice | Root | |||||||
| various | iC- | na-, ta-, ḫa- | s(i)-, m(i)- | R₁(a)R₂aR₃ R₁(a)R₂uR₃ R₁(a)R₂iR₃ |
-aC- / -ā- | various | -si | -n |
Ch'adic
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Pharyngeal | Glottal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| central | sibilant | lateral | |||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ ⟨n̮⟩ | ||||||
| Stop | fortis | p | t | t͡s ⟨c⟩ | t͡ɬ ⟨ć⟩ | t͡ʃ ⟨č⟩ | k | ʡ | ʔ |
| emphatic | pʼ ⟨ṗ⟩ | tʼ ⟨ṭ⟩ | t͡sʼ ⟨c̣⟩ | t͡ɬʼ ⟨ć̣⟩ | t͡ʃʼ ⟨č̣⟩ | kʼ ⟨ḳ⟩ | |||
| lenis | b | d | d͡z ⟨ʒ⟩ | d͡ɮ ⟨ʒ́⟩ | d͡ʒ ⟨ǯ⟩ | g | |||
| Fricative | f | s | ɬ ⟨ś⟩ | ʃ ⟨š⟩ | x ⟨ḫ⟩ | ħ ⟨ḥ⟩ | h | ||
| Approximant | w | j ⟨y⟩ | |||||||
| Liquid | r | l | |||||||
| Status Absolutus | Status Constructus | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Feminine | -u | -un | -u | -ū |
| Masculine | -i | -in | -i | -ī |
| Neuter | -ar | -aran | -a | -ā |
| Inanimate | -aš | -ašan | ||
