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| ==4.1 Word Order - '''saɱpa̋fa'''==
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| *4.1.1 Senjecas has an object-verb (OV) syntax, which means that all modifiers (adjectives, possessives, postpositional phrases, clauses) are placed before the noun they modify. The finite verb is the last element in its sentence.
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| *4.1.2 Sentence order is: (subject) + (adverbial time phrase) + (adverbial place phrase) + (other postpositional phrase) + (object) + finite verb + (interrogative) + (negative).
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| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">The millstone under the oak tree is heavy.</div>
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| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">'''perk̬ı̋s néra mólta̋ino gų̋ro e̋sa:'''</div>
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| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">The stag whose antlers are broken is fighting.</div>
| | *[[Senjecas Syntax Pt. 1]] |
| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">'''ȝo nés cą̋ros ȝa̋faþos vűa—ke̋rɱe ca̋ta:'''</div>
| | *[[Senjecas Syntax Pt. 2]] |
| *4.1.3 A verb in the imperative mood is placed last in the sentence. The imperative form is used for the jussive and the hortatory moods as well. If the context is clear, no personal pronoun is needed as subject. If the imperative verb has a direct object, a predicate adjective, or a dependent verb, these precede the imperative verb. | |
| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">Throw the ball.</div>
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| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">'''(tú) ge̋lom ȝę̋e:'''</div>
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| *4.1.4 If the personal pronoun is repeated in the sentence, the subject pronoun is omitted. | |
| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">Throw your ball.</div>
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| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">'''tús ge̋lom ȝę̋e:'''</div>
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| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">Throw his ball.</div>
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| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">'''(tú) nús ge̋lom ȝę̋e:'''</div>
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| *4.1.5 In an OV language titles are postposed.
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| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">King William I reigned 21 years.</div>
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| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">'''se̋mtu ɱilhe̋lmu rę̋ᵹu ẋűr sem e̋non e-re̋ƶa:'''</div>
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| ==4.2 Definitions - '''tőlk̬a'''==
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| *4.2.1 A '''sentence''' expresses a thought in words. '''Syntax''' treats of the relation of these words to one another. A sentence may contain a declaration, a question, a command (imperative or subjunctive), or an exclamation. Each of these may be either affirmative or negative.
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| *4.2.2 Every sentence must contain a verb. The verb may or may not be accompanied by other words. The '''subject''' is that about which something is stated. The '''predicate''' is that which is stated about the subject. For example, in the sentence '''ma̋kis na̋nmis vų̋a''', the poppies are in bloom, "the poppies" is the subject and "are in bloom" is the predicate.
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| *4.2.3. A verb makes the simplest form of sentence:
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| ::Descriptions of the weather: '''sų̋ɱa''', It is raining.
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| ::When the context is clear: '''(nu) rę̋sa''', He runs.
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| *4.2.4 A simple sentence contains only one '''clause'''.
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| *4.2.5 When any form of '''e̋sa''' or '''vų̋a''', be, connects the subject with a following noun, adjective, or phrase, the verb is called the '''copula''', and what follows is called the predicate, ''e.g.'', '''ma̋nos sőȝos vų̋a''', (my) hands are cold. Because there are two words expressing existence, the copula may not be omitted in Senjecas.
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| *4.2.6 That upon which the action of a verb is exerted is called the '''object'''. The object may be either direct or indirect, ''e.g.'', in '''nu tı̋r mę̋on te̋rnon olnús o e-lűᵹa''', he promised him three measures of wheat, "three measures" is the direct object and "him" the indirect object.
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| *4.2.7 Verbs which can have a direct object are called '''transitive'''; those which cannot are called '''intransitive'''. In Senjecas, most verbs are '''ambitransitive''', that is, they can be either transitive or intransitive.
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| ==4.3 Predicate Noun and Adjective – '''ɱa̋iþo fę̋tok̬e fęþga̋nok̬e'''==
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| *4.3.1 With verbs signifying to be, to become, to appear, to taste, to be named, to be chosen, to be made, to be thought, to be regarded, ''etc.'', a noun or adjective in the predicate is in the same case as the subject. These verbs are called copulative verbs.
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| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">The king has become angered by your speech.</div>
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| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">'''re̋ᵹu tús leuðsaɱős ge̋gaþu ı̨̋la:'''</div>
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| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">This man is king.</div>
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| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">'''i-ɱı̋ru re̋ᵹu e̋sa:'''</div>
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| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">These apples taste good.</div>
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| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">'''i-abe̋los da̋los ƶę̋sa:'''</div>
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| *4.3.2 The predicate adjective with these verbs agrees with the subject in class, number and case.
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| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">That girl is very pretty.</div>
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| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">'''a-pa̋ḷu lábu gőbu e̋sa:'''</div>
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| *4.3.3 A predicate adjective or noun is placed immediately before the finite verb phrase.
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| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">This custom is popular with the young people.</div>
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| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">'''i-gűa bekűm áða le̋uða vų̋a:'''</div>
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