Limli: Phonology: Difference between revisions

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==Table of Phonemes==
==Table of Phonemes==
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:1300px;"
! POA
! MOA
! colspan="4" | <center>labial</center>
! colspan="3" | nasals
|
! colspan="3" | dental
|
! colspan="1" | alveolar
|
|
! colspan="4" | palatal
! colspan="4" | stops
|
|
! colspan="1" | glottal
! colspan="2" | fricatives
|
|
! colspan="2" | approximants
|
|
! colspan="5" | vowels
! colspan="5" | vowels
|-
|-
! IPA
! IPA
| <center>/m/</center>
| <center>/m/</center>  
| /φ/
| /n/
| /β/
| /ŋ/
| /w/
!
!
| /n/
| /p/
| /t/
| /t/
| /l/
!
| /s/
!
| /ŋ/
| /k/
| /k/
| /ɣ/
| /ʔ/
| /j/
!
!
| /ɸ/
| /h/
| /h/
!
!
| /w/
| /l/
!
!
| /i/
| /e/
| /ä/
| /ä/
| /e/
| /o/
| /o/
| /u/
| /u/
| /i/
|-
! Latin
| <center>m</center>
| f
| v
| w
!
| n
| t
| l
!
| s
!
| ń
| k
| ǵ
| y
!
| h
!
!
| a
| e
| o
| u
| i
|-
|-
! Hangul
! Hangul
| ㅁ
| ㅁ
| ㅍ <sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup>
| ㅂ <sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup>
| <sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup>
!
| ㄴ
| ㄴ
| ㄷ
| ㅋ <sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup>
| ㄹ
!
!
| ㅅ
| ㅂ
!
| ㅌ
| ㄲ <sup>{{Color|red|4}}</sup>
| ㄱ
| ㄱ <sup>{{Color|red|5}}</sup>
| ㄲ <sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup>
| ㅋ <sup>{{Color|red|6}}</sup>
| <sup>{{Color|red|7}}</sup>
!
!
| ㅍ <sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup>
| ㅎ
| ㅎ
!
!
| <sup>{{Color|red|4}}</sup>
| ㄹ
!
!
| 이
| 어
| 아
| 아
| 에
| 오
| 오
| 우
| 우
| 이
|-
|-
! Name
! Latin
| Mi<br>미
| m
| Fi<br>피
| n
| Vi<br>비
| ŋ
| Wi<br>위
!
!
| Ni<br>니
| p
| Ti<br>디
| t
| Li<br>리
| k
|  ʻ
!
!
| Si<br>시
| f
| h
!
!
| Ńi<br>끼
| w
| Ki<br>기
| l
| Ǵi<br>키
| Yi<br>의
!
!
| Hi<br>히
| i
| e
| a
| o
| u
|-
! Name
| Ma<br>마
| Na<br>나
| Ŋa<br>카
!
!
| Pa<br>바
| Ta<br>타
| Ka<br>가
| ʻa<br>까
!
!
| Fa<br>파
| Ha<br>하
!
| Wa<br>와
| La<br>야
!
| i<br>이
| e<br>에
| a<br>아
| a<br>아
| e<br>에
| o<br>오
| o<br>오
| u<br>우
| u<br>우
| i<br>이
|}
|}


===Notes===
===Notes===
*<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup> The jamo ''Pieup'' <ㅍ> /pʰ/ is assigned the voiceless bilabial fricative /φ/.
*<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup> The jamo ''Ḳieuk'' <ㅋ> /kʰ/ is assigned the palatal nasal /ŋ/.
*<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup> The jamo ''Bieup'' <ㅂ> /p~pʰ~b/ is assigned the voiced bilabial fricative /β/.
*<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup> The jamo ''Ssanggiyeok'' <ㄲ> /k͈/ is assigned the glottal stop /ʔ/.
*<sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup> The compound vowels are used for <w>, ''e.g.'', '''ㅘ''', wa.
*<sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup> The jamo ''Pieup'' <ㅍ> /pʰ/ is assigned the voiceless bilabial fricative /φ/.
*<sup>{{Color|red|4}}</sup> The jamo ''Ssanggiyeok'' <ㄲ> /k͈/ is assigned the palatal nasal /ŋ/ as the onset.
*<sup>{{Color|red|4}}</sup> The compound vowels are used for <w>, ''e.g.'', '''ㅘ''', wa.
*<sup>{{Color|red|5}}</sup> The jamo ''Giyeok'' <ㄱ> /g~k~kʰ/ is assigned the voiceless palatal stop /k/.
*<sup>{{Color|red|6}}</sup> The jamo ''Kieuk'' <ㅋ> /g~k~kʰ/ is assigned the voiced palatal fricative /ɣ/.
*<sup>{{Color|red|7}}</sup> The iotified vowels are used for <y>, ''e.g.'', '''요''', yo.




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! labial
! labial
! dental
! dental
! alveolar
! palatal
! palatal
! glottal
! glottal
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Nasals
! rowspan="2" | Nasals
! voiceless
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
! voiced
! voiced
| m /m/<br>'''ㅁ'''
| m /m/<br>'''ㅁ'''
| n /n/<br>'''ㄴ'''
| n /n/<br>'''ㄴ'''
|
| ń /ŋ/<br>'''ㅋ'''
| ń /ŋ/<br>'''ㄲ'''
|
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Stops
! rowspan="1" | Stops
! voiceless
! voiceless
|  
| p /p/<br>'''ㅂ'''
| t /t/<br>'''ㄷ'''
| t /t/<br>'''ㅌ'''
|
| k /k/<br>'''ㄱ'''
| k /k/<br>'''ㄱ'''
|  
| ʻ /Ɂ/<br>'''ㄲ'''
|-
! voiced
|
|
|
| ǵ /ɣ/<br>'''ㅋ'''
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Fricatives
! rowspan="1" | Fricatives
! voiceless
! voiceless
| f /φ/<br>'''ㅍ'''
| f /φ/<br>'''ㅍ'''
|
| s /s/<br>'''ㅅ'''
|
|
|-
! voiced
| v /β/<br>'''ㅂ'''
|
|
|
|
|
| h /h/<br>'''ㅎ'''  
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | Sonorants
! voiceless
|
|
|
|
| h /h/<br>'''ㅎ'''
|-
|-
! rowspan="1" | Approximants
! voiced  
! voiced  
| w /w/
| w /w/
| l /l/<br>'''ㄹ'''
|  
|  
| y /j/
| l /l/
|
|
|}
===Compound Vowel===
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
!
! W
|-
! i
| ㅟ
|-
! e
| ᅿ
|-
! a
| ㅘ
|-
! o
| ᆂ
|-
! u
| ᆍ
|-
|}
|}


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|}
|}


===Compound Vowels===
 
==Alphabet ==
*The Limli language has 16 [[Wikipedia:Phoneme|phonemes]].
*As the Limlis had no writing when discovered by the space travelers, a written alphabet was created by the anthropologists who were on the voyage. As they were Korean, they used the [[Wikipedia:Hangul|Hangul]].
*The letters are ordered according to their [[Wikipedia:Manner of Articulation|Manner of Articulation]].
*The consonants are <m> ㅁ; <n> ㄴ; <ŋ> ㅋ; <nowiki><p></nowiki> ㅂ; <t> ㅌ; <k> ㄱ; <ʻ> ㄲ; <f> ㅍ; <h> ㅎ; <w> and <l> ㄹ.
*The vowel inventory consists of <nowiki><i></nowiki>ㅣ;  <e> ㅓ; <a> ㅏ;  <o> ㅗ ; and <nowiki><u></nowiki> ㅜ.
 
 
==Syllabary==
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
!
!
! W
! i ㅣ<br>ī ㅢ
|
! e ㅓ<br>ē ㅕ
|
! a ㅏ<br>ā ㅑ
|
|
! o ㅗ<br>ō ㅛ
|
|
! Y
! u ㅜ<br>ū ㅠ
|-
! m
| 미<br>믜
!
| 머<br>며
!
| 마<br>먀
!
| 모<br>묘
!
| 무<br>뮤
|-
! n
| 니<br>늬
!
| 너<br>녀
!
| 나<br>냐
!
| 노<br>뇨
!
| 누<br>뉴
|-
|-
! a
! ŋ
| '''ㅘ'''
| 키<br>킈
!
| 커<br>켜
!
| 카<br>캬
!
| 코<br>쿄
!
| 쿠<br>큐
|-
! p
| 비<br>븨
!
| 버<br>벼
!
| 바<br>뱌
!
| 보<br>뵤
!
| 부<br>뷰
|-
! t
| 티<br>틔
!
| 터<br>텨
!
| 타<br>탸
!
| 토<br>툐
!
| 투<br>튜
|-
! k
| 기<br>긔
!
| 거<br>겨
!
| 가<br>갸
!
!
| 고<br>교
!
!
| '''ㅑ'''
| 구<br>규
|-
|-
! e
! ʻ
| '''ㅞ'''
| 끼<br>끠
!
| 꺼<br>껴
!
| 까<br>꺄
!
!
| 꼬<br>꾜
!
!
| '''ㅖ'''
| 꾸<br>뀨
|-
|-
! o
! f
| '''ᆂ'''
| 피<br>픠
!
| 퍼<br>펴
!
| 파<br>퍄
!
!
| 포<br>표
!
!
| '''ㅛ'''
| 푸<br>퓨
|-
|-
! u
! h
| '''ᆍ'''
| 히<br>희
!
| 허<br>혀
!
| 하<br>햐
!
!
| 호<br>효
!
!
| '''ㅠ'''
| 후<br>휴
|-
|-
! i
! w
| '''ㅟ'''
| 위<br>위이
!
| ᅿ<br>ᅿ어
!
| 와<br>와아
!
!
| ᆂ<br>ᆂ오
!
!
| '''ㅢ'''
| ᆍ<br>ᆍ우
|-
|-
! l
| 리<br>릐
!
| 러<br>려
!
| 라<br>랴
!
| 로<br>료
!
| 루<br>류
|}
|}
==Alphabet ==
*The Limli language has 17 [[Wikipedia:Phoneme|phonemes]].
*As the Limlis had no writing when discovered by the space travelers, a written alphabet was created by the anthropologists who were on the voyage. As they were Korean, they used the [[Wikipedia:Hangul|Hangul]].
*The  alphabetic order is the [[Wikipedia:Hangul#Alphabetic order|''ganada'']] order of 1446. I have transliterated them into the Latin alphabet for this study.
*The consonants are <k> ㄱ; <ń> ㄲ; <ǵ> ㅋ; <t> ㄷ; <n> ㄴ; <v> ㅂ; <f> ㅍ; <m> ㅁ; <nowiki><s></nowiki> ㅅ; <h> ㅎ; <l> ㄹ; <w> and <y>.
*The vowel inventory consists of <a> ㅏ;  <e> ㅔ;  <o> ㅗ ; <nowiki><u></nowiki> ㅜ and <nowiki><i></nowiki> ㅣ.
[[Limli: Syntax]]

Latest revision as of 17:41, 27 May 2023

Table of Phonemes

MOA nasals stops fricatives approximants vowels
IPA
/m/
 /n/ /ŋ/ /p/ /t/ /k/ /ʔ/ /ɸ/ /h/ /w/ /l/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /o/ /u/
Hangul ㅁ ㄴ ㅋ 1 ㅂ ㅌ ㄱ ㄲ 2 ㅍ 3 ㅎ 4 ㄹ 이 어 아 오 우
Latin m n ŋ p t k ʻ f h w l i e a o u
Name Ma
마 		Na
나 		Ŋa
카 		Pa
바 		Ta
타 		Ka
가 		ʻa
까 		Fa
파 		Ha
하 		Wa
와 		La
야 		i
이 		e
에 		a
아 		o
오 		u
우

Notes

  • 1 The jamo Ḳieuk <ㅋ> /kʰ/ is assigned the palatal nasal /ŋ/.
  • 2 The jamo Ssanggiyeok <ㄲ> /k͈/ is assigned the glottal stop /ʔ/.
  • 3 The jamo Pieup <ㅍ> /pʰ/ is assigned the voiceless bilabial fricative /φ/.
  • 4 The compound vowels are used for <w>, e.g., ㅘ, wa.


Phonology

Consonants

labial dental palatal glottal
Nasals
voiced m /m/
ㅁ 		n /n/
ㄴ 		ń /ŋ/
ㅋ
Stops voiceless p /p/
ㅂ 		t /t/
ㅌ 		k /k/
ㄱ 		ʻ /Ɂ/
ㄲ
Fricatives voiceless f /φ/
ㅍ 		h /h/
ㅎ
Approximants voiced w /w/ l /l/

Compound Vowel

W
i ㅟ
e ᅿ
a ㅘ
o ᆂ
u ᆍ

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i /i/
이 		u /u/
우
Close-mid e /e/
에 		o /o/
오
Open a /ä/
아


Alphabet

  • The Limli language has 16 phonemes.
  • As the Limlis had no writing when discovered by the space travelers, a written alphabet was created by the anthropologists who were on the voyage. As they were Korean, they used the Hangul.
  • The letters are ordered according to their Manner of Articulation.
  • The consonants are <m> ㅁ; <n> ㄴ; <ŋ> ㅋ; <p> ㅂ; <t> ㅌ; <k> ㄱ; <ʻ> ㄲ; <f> ㅍ; <h> ㅎ; <w> and <l> ㄹ.
  • The vowel inventory consists of <i>ㅣ; <e> ㅓ; <a> ㅏ; <o> ㅗ ; and <u> ㅜ.


Syllabary

i ㅣ
ī ㅢ 		e ㅓ
ē ㅕ 		a ㅏ
ā ㅑ 		o ㅗ
ō ㅛ 		u ㅜ
ū ㅠ
m 미
믜 		머
며 		마
먀 		모
묘 		무
뮤
n 니
늬 		너
녀 		나
냐 		노
뇨 		누
뉴
ŋ 키
킈 		커
켜 		카
캬 		코
쿄 		쿠
큐
p 비
븨 		버
벼 		바
뱌 		보
뵤 		부
뷰
t 티
틔 		터
텨 		타
탸 		토
툐 		투
튜
k 기
긔 		거
겨 		가
갸 		고
교 		구
규
ʻ 끼
끠 		꺼
껴 		까
꺄 		꼬
꾜 		꾸
뀨
f 피
픠 		퍼
펴 		파
퍄 		포
표 		푸
퓨
h 히
희 		허
혀 		하
햐 		호
효 		후
휴
w 위
위이 		ᅿ
ᅿ어 		와
와아 		ᆂ
ᆂ오 		ᆍ
ᆍ우
l 리
릐 		러
려 		라
랴 		로
료 		루
류
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