AlphaLeap

AlphaLeap is an empire based in a large, rounded peninsula in the tropics, historically between 16°N to 23°N and from 25°E to 35°E. At various times in history, they established colonies in rival nations, and at other times, suffered invasions themselves. They remained a distinct society, however, for many thousands of years.

Language

AlphaLEAP was the source from which the Gold language spread out. For the next 3500 years, AlphaLEAP maintained a contiguous speech area with Nama and Lobexon, and therefore by the time of classical Khulls around 4770 AD the language of AlphaLeap was also Khulls; even dialectal differences were minimal.

However, AlphaLeap also spoke a "Naman" language that may have been of the Andanic branch rather than Gold. This language is the source of long names like Halasala and Hamaluma.

Climate and geography

AlphaLEAP and its ally, Wax, form a contiguous geographical territory stretching from 16°N to 23°N and from 25°E to 35°E, the northern end of the large Ġʷùdu Plain. Both nations together can be called AlphaLEAP. The climate is tropical but very dry; thus the population density is lower than in areas to the north or south, and most food is taken from the sea.

AlphaLeap shares with Taryte a hot and humid, but fairly rainless climate influenced by its position in the desert belt and mostly out of reach of the summer monsoons that produce forests in areas closer to the Equator. Summer rainfall is actually higher in the northern part of AlphaLEAP due to the occasional hits the coastline takes from hurricanes. Winter rainfall is also higher in the north.

Though AlphaLEAP itself is largely dry, the moist tropical air also produces rainfall in the mountains to the west of AlphaLeap, feeding rivers that flow down the coast into AlphaLEAP and Taryte.

Demographics

The people of AlphaLeap have brown skin, somewhat lighter than those of Taryte and darker than those of Amade. Occasionally light hair is also seen. This is due to historical contact between the dark-skinned aboriginal tribes and many groups of immigrants from around the world. However, there has been little immigration in the last 4000 years, and the originally diverse Leapers have today developed a homogeneous body type. They typically have slow metabolisms and are well adapted for their tropical climate, eating a diet consisting primarily of meat and fish. Body size and most other traits are near average for the planet.

Geography

AlphaLeap's new nation consisted of two states: Kolàp and Wax.

Kolàp

Kolàp was the northern state and by far the more powerful; it contained all of the national government's buildings, and in most contexts the people of both states simply referred to Kolàp with their name for AlphaLeap as a whole. Its proper name derived from the founding Carrot party and thus can be translated as Carrotland.

Hŭ

The capital city of Kolàp was Hŭ (Xʷŭ, lit, "parrot") located on the eastern shore at 20°N.

Wax

Wax, also known as Numberland, occupied the southern land and stretched from 15°N to 22°N. Most Waxans lived along the south coast, where the summer rains were stronger. Further north, the climate was dry and there were no major rivers. Thus, even though Kolàp was drier still, Wax was poorer than Kolàp.

Lulala

The capital city of Wax was named Lulala (Lulal).

Kudhaus

In Kudhaus, also known as Həlṅtihalha and Kneeland , all homosexual relations were legal, even for men who lived elsewhere and were married to women. Some countries considered it a crime for married men to visit Kudhaus. This coastal town was located near 17N, but was not on a river; fishing provided the main source of food.

Pēles

At 15°N, 27°E and spreading north and northeast, the settlers built a port city named Pēles. This was in the district of Geḳìra. Though named after the summer monsoon rains, the first three letters of the city's name were the same as the Gold language word for buttocks, and as the inhabitants came to learn Gold, they soon became embarrassed at this.

Gofōho

Also in Gekira, the dark-skinned aboriginal tribes lived in a much older city they called Gofōho (G̣ʷoxʷōho).

Early history

Founding of AlphaLEAP

In 1088, a group of Lenian settlers calling themselves the Carrots (Kʷalàpʷ) left their homeland, Thaoa, and founded the colony of AlphaLeap (Găgʷu) on a large peninsula in the tropics. The unusual name followed a pattern formulated by the empire of Nama: a leap was a colony not geographically attached to its parent nation, whereas a loop was one that was.

The land in AlphaLEAP was much drier than in Atlam, and the aboriginals' population density was much lower. Thaoan settlers thus planned to outgrow the aboriginals and become aboriginals themselves, completely independent of all outside powers, even Thaoa itself.

The Carrots subdued the aboriginals very rapidly, and introduced them to their language, the ancestor of the Gold language. However, there was little violence, and the aboriginal population survived largely intact even though they were mostly pushed off the coast.

Early politics

AlphaLEAP's politics turned quickly away from those of Thaoa, but retained many similarities. AlphaLeap treasured the policy of respecting others and early on legalized homosexuality, and abolished slavery and the death penalty.

Legalizing male homosexuality was controversial. Homosexuality was illegal in Thaoa and even in the pacifist nation of Paba. Homosexuals in Paba were not killed, but exiled; even so, life outside the cities in Paba was very difficult. The poor living conditions of homosexuals led them to be associated with poverty and crime, further denigrating their image among the common people of Paba. AlphaLeap offered citizenship to all homosexual Pabaps, but knew that these people had no realistic chance of being allowed to board a ship bound for AlphaLeap.

The settlers considered themselves feminists in a broad sense, and Lulala established strict laws ensuring that women always had equal or greater access to power compared to men. But the settlers also stated that they would not enter a transnational alliance simply on the basis of feminism, and would not defend women's rights in other countries.

Military policies

AlphaLeap's founders forged a middle path between the total pacifism of Paba, which they predicted would soon be home to parasites from all of their enemy nations, and that of their home country Thaoa, which they predicted would soon find itself in an unwinnable war. AlphaLeap's founders stated that their military would be used only for offensive purposes, and would refuse to defend its civilians against invasions from outside powers. Instead, citizens were expected to defend themselves, and were allowed to own and fashion weapons and armor from any materials they could find.

Though not officially a pacifistic nation, AlphaLEAP's military had a strict policy of refusing to retaliate against foreign attackers. They allowed foreign armies to invade and occupy territory in AlphaLEAP and did not protect their citizens from the foreign armies. Instead, the citizens were expected to defend themselves while AlphaLEAP's military instead devoted itself entirely to foreign conquest. Essentially, their army was for offensive purposes only, and their leaders claimed that they would survive by continual outward growth rather than by protecting their homeland.

They considered themselves tadpoles because they were defenseless but grew rapidly.

Since AlphaLeap's military was not required to defend its home territory, AlphaLeap declared war on all of the other nations on the planet, planning to fight the war at their leisure and leave the citizens of AlphaLeap to deal with the consequences. They promised to repay the citizens by delivering slaves captured from foreign nations, and also declared all other peoples in the world to be slaves. The Leapers figured that a good place to look for slaves would be a tropical nation with a high population density but a weak army and little or no navy, unable to defend its people or even unify them against a common threat.

Contact with Atlam

Despite abolishing slavery in their earliest days as a nation, the Leapers knew their hot, dry climate made hunting difficult and that they would need to depend on plantation labor in order to feed themselves. AlphaLeap selected Atlam as its preferred source of slaves, since the dark-skinned inhabitants of Atlam were only loosely allied to each other and had only a very weak common military, which itself was pledged not to Atlam but to the neighboring empire of Kxesh.

However, when the similarly dark-skinned aboriginal population of AlphaLeap realized what was happening, they rebelled against the colonizers. Despite AlphaLeap having subdued the aboriginal population more rapidly than any other colonizing power, the Leapers had carefully attempted to actually improve the quality of life for the aboriginals, avoid violence, and keep even accidental casualties as close as possible to zero. This meant that the aboriginals had been unwilling to take up arms against the Leapers, but also that their population had survived the colonization intact, and had actually grown slightly despite their being pushed into the interior by the Leapers.

The aboriginals in Leaper territory now signed a pact with the neighboring Star Empire, a weak power that agreed to take in the aboriginals as refugees if they were to lose the war, getting nothing in return except the promise that the aboriginals would defend the Stars against AlphaLeap if AlphaLeap chose to make the Stars their next victim.

Pirates turn north

Because of the war at home, AlphaLeap pulled out of Atlam, realizing that the people of Atlam would almost certainly join the war on the side of the aboriginals rather than helping the people who had abducted and enslaved them. The Leapers did not give up on slavery, however; they decided to instead capture slaves of Lenian descent in the future, figuring that if they enslaved people with the same physical type as their abductors, those people would at least in the future give in to racial sympathies and side with their abusers against the dark-skinned aboriginals.

AlphaLeap decided to capture their next batch of slaves from southern Paba, even though Paba was protected by its powerful navy from any outside attacks. They planned to thwart the Pabap navy by establishing parasitic colonies along the coast, which would not be attacked because Paba's royal family had promised never to defend their people against an invasion. From here, they would abduct young Pabap people and carry them off to AlphaLeap, where they would be let loose to fend for themselves. Even though the Leaper sailors knew that the Pabaps they were abducting would immediately attack the Leapers in their colony, they hoped that if the Leaper civilians were able to win the war the Pabaps would in the future eventually become slaves.

Soon, the war began to turn against AlphaLeap. The civilian army had been making progress against the aboriginals in the interior by closing them off from the sea, but when AlphaLeap's pirates began dumping Pabap abductees along the east coast, the Pabaps quickly overwhelmed their intended captors and set up a colony of their own where the Leapers were the ones being enslaved. From this colony, the Pabaps launched an invasion of AlphaLeap, intending to meet up with the aboriginals in the interior and squeeze the colonists between them.

With each new boat docking on the east coast of AlphaLeap, the Pabap population of AlphaLeap increased, and they began to manufacture weapons to increase their chances of victory against the Leapers. The Leapers protested and told their pirates to stop dumping Pabaps in AlphaLeap since they had no reasonable expectation of being able to enslave them, but the pirates decided then to join the war against AlphaLeap on the side of the Pabaps and aboriginals, and they began their invasion from the settlement of Kudhaus in the south, an area which was still firmly under Leaper control.

Because the pirates had docked at Kudhaus, far from where the Pabaps had been settled, the Pabaps were unaware of their presence, and the pirates were able to disguise themselves as allies without the Pabaps suspecting they were allying with their former captors. The combined alliance of the Pabaps, the pirates, and the aboriginals quickly crushed the Leaper civilian population and established a new government for AlphaLEAP, with power split between the Pabap/pirate coalition and the aboriginals. Settlement rights along the coast were extended to the aboriginals and the entire Leaper civilian population was enslaved.

New government

The pirates established a new political party, the Gloves, and retained the name Carrots for their slaves.

The Gloves intended their government to be based on ideology, like that of Thaoa, and therefore they did not prohibit the creation of dissenting parties. Their logo was a pink glove and a brown glove holding hands, intending to represent the biracial friendship they were setting up. But many of the aboriginals refused to join the Glove party, even though they supported the occupation, and these people formed another new party, the Lime party (Xalpàti). The Limes were open to light-skinned members but represented the interests of the aboriginal Star tribes only.

Because only the Carrots were being enslaved, the Carrot party became the main opponent of slavery. And since all of the slaves were Lenians, the Carrots were mostly Lenians. There were many dark-skinned people who opposed slavery (most slaveholders were also Lenians), but these people mostly supported the Limes rather than the Carrots.

Tribal warfare in the south

Then, a dark-skinned tribe calling themselves the Bait (Tagàpa; also known as TGP) settled in southern Wax and introduced their language, a dialect of Amade. These people were of the Merari tribal confederation, and thus did not resemble the dark-skinned Star peoples.

The Bait tribe soon overwhelmed the Lenian population and seized control of the port city of Pēles. From here they directed foreign policy and told the Lenians to become hostile to the dark-skinned Star tribes. The Baits ignored AlphaLeap altogether and stated that they were forming a new nation free from the chaos of AlphaLeap's controversial politics. The Baits expected that AlphaLeap would launch no counterattack because the Leapers had always expected their citizens to defend themselves. Indeed, they claimed that since AlphaLeap had early on declared war on the entire world, their invasion was simply part of the preexisting war.

Invasion of Paba

Around 1430, the frustrated Leaper navy declared war on the pacifist empire of Paba and launched an invasion by sea. In the Battle of Mayūas they slaughtered 400 Pabaps who had come out from their homes to offer gifts to the invading Leapers. The Pabaps' plan was to enwrap the invading Leapers in a bubble of Pabaps who would make peace with the Leapers by offering to pamper them and try to convince them to settle down. The Leapers traveled next to the Pabap city of Ŋaananiau, where the women of the city had gathered to greet the soldiers and offer them new homes. But the Pabaps were again unsuccessful, and the resulting Battle of Ŋaananiau killed more than 1000 Pabap civilians.

Conflict with Taryte

At one point, the Tarytean nation of Lyihēs invaded the Lenians' settlement of Pēles and conquered it. The Lenians were then enslaved. Suxèyi also participated in this invasion. These areas later became part of the single greater nation of Taryte.

Dark Ages

The formation of the Star Empire cost AlphaLeap its naval superiority, as the Stars surrounded AlphaLeap in all directions. Furthermore, the Stars reduced AlphaLeap's territory to a thin coastal strip. AlphaLeap agreed to support the Stars, and enrolled their people as tribes within the Star Empire, but the coastal Leaper settlements still retained economic self-sufficiency, and the Stars never really took full control of AlphaLeap. By this time, the ruling Glove party had stepped back from the Carrots' earlier absolutist positions, and therefore their police force patrolled the coastal cities to prevent the Star army from abusing the citizens.

Star War

When Nama invaded the First Star Empire in 1989, AlphaLeap allowed both armies to invade and occupy Leaper territory with no threat of a counterattack. Thus, the Stars who had occupied AlphaLeap hundreds of years earlier were forced to fight for the right to hold Leaper territory. However, because the Star navy was much more powerful than Nama's, Nama never attempted to invade AlphaLeap's coastline, and the Stars declared that they no longer needed AlphaLeap's economy to prop them up as they expected to soon conquer much of Nama.

Nama eventually won the war, and AlphaLeap declared itself independent once again. They signed a pact with Nama promising to never attack Nama, and to prevent the Star navy from invading Nama. Nama claimed the entire Star Empire as its own, but at the time of the ceasefire in 2057, the de facto boundary between Nama's new colony and the rump Star Empire was the desert area to the west of AlphaLeap. Thus, AlphaLeap claimed an important role in Nama/Star relations. Nama soon named its new colony the Gold Empire.

Oyster War

Over the next few centuries, most Lenian populations came to sign alliances with Nama while the dark-skinned people alternated between fighting among each other and fighting the Lenians. In the Oyster War, AlphaLeap early on defected from the Nama-Lenian alliance to the revived Star Empire, which had secured the allegiance of most of the dark-skinned peoples living in Lenian territory. All five Lenian nations quickly surrendered to the Stars' alliance, but as the war progressed, power shifted rapidly from the Stars to the Leapers, whose central location allowed them to direct the Stars' traffic at sea and to also exert partial control over the other nations' land invasions. By 2662, the Leapers declared victory over the Lenians and then declared war against the Stars.

The Stars had early on occupied Paba, the world's largest Lenian nation, despite its great distance from the Star homeland. The Leapers did not expect that they could push the Stars out of Paba, but they were able to blockade sea traffic between the Star Empire and Star-occupied Paba. The Stars soon learned that their homeland was now at war with AlphaLeap, and so the Stars in Paba voted themselves out of the wider war so they could focus on protecting their own safety in Paba. Within months, the army of Litila invaded Paba, betting on an unconventional strategy with trained animals fighting on the front lines and human soldiers only in the relatively protected interior.

Litila's animals were very strong, but very difficult to control, and actually killed more of Litila's soldiers than their intended targets. Nevertheless, Paba lost many soldiers fighting against the animals, and the Stars' occupation government collapsed as the people of Paba united against them. The winner of the war was a coalition led by the Merari tribe, which took control of the Lenian nations of Paba, Subumpam, Thaoa, and all of the land to the east of Thaoa. They soon came to use the name Pubumaus for the whole of this territory (though since Paba was the largest area, it was often just called Paba). The Merari established themselves as the sole ruling caste, but allowed the other tribes to continue speaking their own languages and to mostly associate with their own kinds. AlphaLeap was locked out of power in this area, but they gained much territory in the tropics as the Stars were no longer able to control their own territory.

In 2689, the Merari army added Lobexon, the only remaining territory of the former Gold Empire, to their conquest. Thus, the Merar had conquered four of the five previously existing Lenian nations: Thaoa, Paba, Subumpam, and Lobexon; they referred to Lobexon as the Oyster Coast due to its previously dominant Lenian tribe, just as they referred to the three eastern nations as Paba. (The remaining Lenian nation was Heartland, a trading colony in the equatorial zone.)

Declaration of empire

The Merar declared that they were creating the Third Star Empire because some of the people living along the Oyster Coast were dark-skinned aboriginals. However, very few of these considered themselves Stars; by this time, the Stars had mostly submitted to the much stronger Leaper army, whose land claims nowhere overlapped with those of the Merar.

Economy of Pubumaus

The Oyster War destroyed the natural environment of Paba to such an extent that hunting became impossible and the entire population came to rely on a vegetarian diet. The Merari had hoped to replenish the environment by importing plants and animals from Lobexon, but they soon realized that Lobexon's environment had been similarly degraded hundreds of years earlier by Nama's original invasion, and had never recovered in all that time because the climates of the surrounding areas were too different from Lobexon's.

The change to a vegetarian diet led to a decline in the status of men within the native Pabap majority, and the Pabaps came to think of themselves as feminists. This was a culture-bound feminism, sharing little in common with the feministic ideals of the Oysters and Repilian tribes. Pabap women were freed from the need to work by committing themselves to the duties of childcare and, in some cases, also care for the elderly. Men worked in dangerous jobs, while the remaining economic sectors were handed over to children or shut down entirely. Indeed, the rise of vegetarianism led to reliance on child labor, and because children on farms produced more than they consumed, Pabap farmers came to have very large families, and Paba's birthrate became the highest in the world.

Paba's government attempted to relieve children's farm labor duties by promoting education, but those Pabaps who were able to attend school often left Paba. Thus, as the generations progressed, more and more of the Pabap population became devoted to farm labor. As the Pabaps converted wilderness into vegetable farms, the game population decreased even further, and therefore the Pabaps became more strictly vegetarian over the generations. Fishing catches improved as the Pabaps learned new strategies, but the growing population realized that they could not rely on the ocean to feed them. Soon there were so many people in Paba that even with the entire population occupied with farm labor, famines became a regular occurrence, and Pabap families were forced to move northward in search of new land to live on. By 2856, much of southern Nama had become intimately connected with Paba. A small number moved to the tropics instead, even knowing that life in the tropics was very dangerous because most areas had no stable government.

AlphaLeap realized that Paba's rapid population growth had no end in sight, and that, though the Pabap navy had been weakened by the Oyster War, their expansion of fishing was leading them to push ever further out to sea, and soon Pabap ships were more common than Leaper ships on the shores of the former Gold Empire. The Pabap navy was now led by the Merari tribal confederation, not the native Pabaps, but many Pabaps manned the ships even so.

Decline of living standards in Paba

The Pabaps' high birthrate derived from their farm-based lifestyle, and the ethnic minorities did not share in it. Thus, Paba became more Lenian with each new generation as the Pabaps outgrew the minorities. Further, many minorities moved out of Paba even as Pabaps were moving out of Paba. Because the total wealth of the Pabaps did not increase on track with their population, the Pabaps became very poor, and basic items such as furniture came to be seen as luxuries. Their long tradition of pacifism combined with the total dedication to agriculture also meant that the Pabaps could not competently defend themselves from outside attacks, and had come to be completely reliant on the Merari tribal coalition that had earlier conquered Paba and its neighbors. A very small Pabap army remained, but its only duty was to protect the royal family and to enforce laws against Pabaps. Thus, the Pabap army was more likely to attack and arrest Pabap people than to protect them.

The Merari had allowed the Pabap royal family to continue to enforce laws, but these laws only applied to the Pabaps, and therefore the Merari began to increase their control over Paba's military and economy, and restricted the distribution of weapons. Soon, the Merar invaded Pabap farms and enslaved the inhabitants. Because the Pabaps on these farms had been working near the limits of their ability all along, the slave invasions meant little, and few Pabaps attempted to resist their captors. Meanwhile the Merar respected the Pabaps' superior knowledge of agriculture and controlled only the distribution, not the production, of food.

Irregular wars took place in Paba, as some Merari battalions occasionally revolted against the rest, and thus, for example, the Merar army based in the state of Thaoa invaded the Merar army based in the state of Paba.

Decline of Nama

As the centuries passed, life in Paba changed little, and its birthrate remained the highest in the world. As AlphaLeap watched, migrants from Paba spread throughout the entire northern half of the continent, and came to consider themselves an independent society with no obligation to protect or ally with Paba. They conquered all of their new territory from Nama, whose standard of living and overall military competence had declined even more than Paba's had. Nations who had stolen territory from Nama fought each other over minor border disputes, with neither side interested in Nama's opinion on the issue, nor seeking to enroll Naman soldiers into their army. Gradually the Thunder Empire became the dominant power in the areas formerly part of Nama, with the Crystal Empire fighting for second place in Nama's western regions while the Crystal capital city grew in Baeba Swamp. A third power was Tarwas, confined to the extreme east.

Crystal-Leaper wars

The power vacuum in the tropics led the Crystals to build armies there, and swept southward from Kxesh into the tropical rainforests of the equatorial zone. Progress was slow, but they gradually pushed the Leapers eastward until the Leapers were confined to the fringe of the rainforest, in the area of Taryte. But the Leapers still controlled the important coastal areas between the equatorial zone and the temperate zone, and therefore the Crystals could not communicate with Paba. Most Stars had become Leapers by this point, and the population center of the new Leaper empire was in former Star territory, even though this was the area in which they were under threat from the Crystals.

NOTE, it is not clear what has become of the Merar colonies in Lobexon. There may be three empires here ... the Crystals in the rainforest, the Merar in the desert, and the Leapers in between. Or the Merar might have submitted to some other power by this time. It seems that one way or another they eventually end up in Crystal territory, perhaps only submitting to the Crystals after the Leapers already had.

It is possible that Lobexon's population is still majority Lenian even though the Lenians lost their war. It would simply mean that civilians were not targeted in great numbers in this war, so the Lenians lost their soldiers but not their entire society; then, the Merari invasion would have prevented any further attacks against Lenian civilians in this area.

Relations with Dreamland

As Nama's power slipped away, AlphaLeap forged an unexpected alliance in the 3370s with Dreamland, a new power that had emerged in the distant lands of the far west and had fought the Crystals to a draw just outside the Crystals' capital city of Baeba Swamp.

The Dreamers were Lenians, like the Leapers' slaves, but most Dreamers did not know of AlphaLeap's slave operations. AlphaLeap had almost nothing in common with Dreamland, and indeed, Dreamland was more than 3,000 miles to the west of AlphaLeap, but the Dreamers accepted the alliance as they planned to meet in the far future and encircle their enemies. This plan was in fact similar to the Crystals' own plan to conquer Baeba, which they had announced early on in their history, and taken more than a full millennium to realize. The Leapers prided themselves on their own far-sighted military strategies, and reminded the Dreamers that AlphaLeap had been founded in the year 1088, and had survived for more than 2,000 years as a small but important regional power.

Contact with the Crystals

Though the Leapers had committed themselves to an alliance with Dreamland, they insisted that they would continue to follow their ancient policy of standing for Leapers alone, and therefore, they did not revive their war against the neighboring Crystal Empire which had come to dominate the tropics. The Leapers even encouraged Crystals to move into the remaining Leaper states, saying that because the Crystals had defeated AlphaLeap, the Crystals had the right to live in AlphaLeap. In doing this they hoped to see the Crystal immigrants agitate for admission to the Crystal Empire, meaning that the Leapers would then be living in the Crystal Empire and could become a viable minority party there.

In 3565, the Crystals announced the creation of the Lantern Empire, the union of the Crystal and Thunder empires, and claimed that the Crystals were the dominant partner in the alliance. The Lantern Empire controlled more than half of the humanly habitable land in the world, with the only significant powers outside the empire being Dreamland, Paba, and Tarwas. These outside powers were, furthermore, separated from each other by great distances, and could not meaningfully participate in a combined war against the Lanterns. AlphaLeap still controlled its own seacoast, but their military had fallen behind the much larger powers in the temperate latitudes, and so the Leapers had decided to become an economic power rather than a military one.

In 3650 AlphaLeap followed the Crystals in building nontraditional cities whose populations could only be replenished by immigration. For example, the capital city, Sāmama, was open to women only, and husbands could only visit their wives when their wives were traveling outside the city.

Sāmama

The capital city, also known as Parrot City. Only women could live here, although boys were allowed to stay with their mothers until their 5th birthday.

Once boys turned five years old, they left Sāmama to fend for themselves while their sisters stayed home in the city. Because mothers knew that they would have to give up their sons after five years, some mothers simply killed their sons or let them waste away as they devoted more food and care to their daughters. Young boys were typically the ones who changed the girls' diapers when the mothers were too busy or did not want to work. Sometimes, women who were hungry would drink their boys' blood but leave them otherwise intact, figuring they would eat the boy slowly in order to keep him at work as long as possible.

Boys who survived to their 5th birthday were eager to leave since life in the city was so difficult. They moved to sheltered areas in the desert outside the city where they helped fight off Wildcats and other predators so that the women and girls in the city would be safe. The boys were given no weapons, however, so it often took many boys to fight off each cougar.

Lulala

Lulala was the capital city of Wax. It became all-male shortly after Sāmama became all-female.

There were some females in Lulala, however: many women and girls had been kidnapped from AlphaLeap so that the men of Lulala would have easy access to sex. Because these women were illegal, the government of Lulala threatened to kill any women who strayed out onto the streets. Even so, some women were tied to poles and buildings as they were repeatedly raped, even though they knew they were violating the law by being visible in public.

Democracy

By 3650, AlphaLeap had an "elected tyranny". Democratic voting rights were extended to all adult females in AlphaLeap proper , and all adult males in Wax.

Slavery in Taryte

By 3626, Taryte's ruling Leaper party had acquired so many Lenian slaves that the slaves were close to majority status within Taryte. The slaves could not vote in the Leapers' government, but they could vote in the wider imperial government because the Crystals, the ruling party of the wider Empire, demanded that even slaves be allowed to vote. The Leapers began to worry that their slaves would vote them out of power, and looked for legal workarounds such as classifying the slaves as citizens of separate nations.

The Leapers may have been trilingual: they had their own language (Khulls, often just called Leaper), which was also the diplomatic language of Nama; some also spoke Neo-Star languages (that is, Amadean languages) or other tribal languages that they had inherited from their ancestors, and there was a third language just for the slaves, because the Leapers did not want the slaves to learn to speak Khulls and saw little value in teaching them all to speak Neo-Star languages. This third language may have simply been Paba's language at the time, an early stage of Babakiam. But it is also possible that the slaves' language branched off early from Babakiam and continued to evolve independently within Leaper territory.

The slaves found the Leaper language difficult to pronounce, even though they grew up with it as their mother tongue, because most of the slaves had inherited different speech anatomy, such that they were better suited for a language like Play (which had not yet acquired that name), the language of Pubumaus.

NOTE, it could also be that the Leapers taught their slaves to speak Leaper knowing that the only people they would be able to communicate with using Leaper would be unsympathetic.

Contact with STW

Around 3915, AlphaLeap announced it was changing its foreign policy yet again by allying with a newly founded corporation named Save the World (STW). STW had declared war against Dreamland, and therefore AlphaLeap backed out of its alliance with Dreamland without having once joined the Dreamers in battle.

STW soon drew its host empire, the Thunder Empire, into the war. (The Crystal Empire had become politically separate by this time, though they still considered themselves allies of the Thunderers.) Dreamland eventually won the war, and founded the Anchor Empire, but their army was unable to occupy the vast Thunder territory, which by this time had swollen even further, and therefore AlphaLeap was also spared from the occupation even though they had signed a symbolic surrender treaty annexing AlphaLeap to the Anchor Empire.

Soon, Dreamland was torn apart by civil war, and the occupation army became very weak. Thus, both Dreamland and its enemies had been weakened by the wars, and the Leapers began to plan for a return to power after more than a thousand years as a minor regional power.

Anchor Era

War against child soldiers

In 4108, the Dreamer council conquered the pacifist nation of Paba, part of the wider Anchor Empire. Paba and Subumpam, along with a few outlying territories such as Sulasali, were taken over and assigned to AlphaLeap. AlphaLeap renamed their new colonies Halasala and focused especially on Paba, both because it was close to AlphaLeap, and because Paba had for 3000 years had a reputation of being easily exploited.

Conflict with Dreamland

In 4107, the Dolphin Rider party announced they had conquered Dreamland. In doing so, they overthrew Adabawa, a military leader who had earlier claimed sovereignty over the entire planet. Thus by conquering Dreamland, the Riders claimed that they had conquered the planet. However, outside powers knew that the Riders would be very weak outside their home territory of Dreamland. At the height of his power, Adabawa had indeed controlled much of the planet, and forced weaker nations to sign binding military treaties, but the Rider army was much weaker and could not enforce the treaties the other nations had signed with Adabawa.

AlphaLeap had signed such a treaty, and considered itself formally an ally of the Dolphin Riders, but decided in 4108 to claim an empire of its own. They invaded the ancient city of Pūpepas, the capital of Pabam and planned to grow from there to encircle all land east of Baeba Swamp. Pūpepas thus became the capital of Halasala, the Leapers' name for any parts of the Anchor Empire that came under Leaper control.

Thus, both Dreamland and AlphaLeap claimed the same vast area of land, which they called the Anchor Empire, but each army was concentrated in just a small part of the empire.

First years under the Leapers

In 4108, AlphaLeap closed all of Paba's schools and transformed them into prisons for both children and adults. They burned all the books they found, and warned their subjects that anyone caught reading a book not approved by the Leapers would be either killed or enslaved in the prisons that had once been schools.

The Leapers handled their slaves badly. Despite the high birth rate, so many people died each day that the population actually fell during some months. Many subjects became convinced that the Leapers were guilty, for various reasons, of abuse of their powerful position, as they had been killing far more slaves than they needed to accomplish their goals. Most subjects who saw their friends being tortured turned in fear and tried their hardest to obey their orders, but as the Leapers began to inflict the harshest punishments on the most obedient subjects, some braver subjects risked their own lives to challenge the Leapers' misleadership.

Creation of the Tadpoles

The Leapers soon created a new political party called the Tadpoles to gather the dissenters into a united body. Because the Tadpoles were not allowed to attend school, the Leapers considered them uneducated, and therefore the Leapers wrote the Tadpole party platform themselves.

The Tadpole party platform emphasized solidarity, and stated that the Tadpoles were not allowed to disagree with each other or change their opinions. They further agreed that any Tadpoles who were proven wrong about any political idea would be executed so that their ideas would not spread. The Leapers challenged the Tadpole leaders to a formal political debate, and when the Leapers won the debate, they executed the Tadpoles across the debate table. Then, because all of the Tadpoles in the audience had had the same opinions as the debaters, they also executed the Tadpole audience.

Tadpoles find friends

In the late 4110's, a few loyal subjects who were given positions of authority by the Leapers began to make independent decisions on behalf of the Tadpoles. The Leapers did their best to frustrate these rebels, even to the point of kidnapping and torturing them. The rest of the Tadpoles took this as a sign that the Leapers did not respect the Tadpoles, pointing out that many Leapers seemed to actually enjoy watching the unexplainable accidents that seemed so frequently to take the lives of Tadpole children. For example, a young girl named Yulutika rescued many younger girls trapped in a room, and then went to rescue a woman, but then the younger girls turned against Yulutika and strangled her in the belief that the woman was intending to torture them.

Revolt of 4123

In 4123, some Tadpole slaves set fire to the plantations in the far western area of the Empire. Thousands of Leapers died trying to stop the fire from spreading, even though thousands of Tadpoles also died. One third of the Leaper governors moved to the center of the fire to stop it from spreading, and one female slave decided to close the gap and entrap them entirely in fire. The slaves were amused to see the Leapers struggling to carry water from area lakes and rivers to try to pour it on the fire, knowing that they could not ask the slaves to help because any slave would simply dump the water on the ground. The Leapers were so occupied that they could not even control their slaves, and many slaves simply fled, even knowing that they no longer had a home or any possessions.

When the imperial government in AlphaLeap found out what had happened, they disowned the Leaper government of the Empire and let the Empire become independent. Thus almost the entire Leaper population was dead and their subjects were free from oppression after fifteen years of torture.

However, AlphaLeap also declared that "an unfinished Leaper government could mean disaster in the future", and decided to kill all of the people living in former Leaper territory. They thus declared war on the Anchor Empire, including all of the states of Subumpam, Paba, and the Andanese diaspora. They sent about 40,000 AlphaLeap soldiers into the Empire to massacre the unarmed civilians. Even though the Empire's population was much larger than AlphaLeap's, AlphaLeap expected an easy victory because their soldiers had dangerous weapons and thick metal armor and the Pabaps and Subumpamese were underclothed and armed with cookware and vegetable knives. However, the Leapers running the Empire stopped firefighting so they could fight instead the invading AlphaLeap army. Thus Leapers fought Leapers, and some of the Leaper governors of AlphaLeap fled into an area of western Subumpam, Puap, which had broken away from the Empire early on when it was revealed that AlphaLeap believed it needed to torture Subumpamese children in order to cement its power.

Puap actually also enslaved Subumpamese people, but in Puap, the ruling Leapers adored and exalted the Subumpamese people as fulfilling the ideal role that the ruling Leapers could only wish they could achieve. Leapers who did work, they said, were lazy and inefficient, whereas the Subumpamese held in place by whips and chains worked five times harder and never complained. Another important difference was t hat there was no ethnic division between master and slave in Puap; Subumpamese could be masters, and Leapers could be slaves (though this occurred only for criminals). Thus the Leapers fled into Puap, figuring the Puapians would welcome them in.

War against AlphaLeap

Although AlphaLeap had denounced the Leaper government's abuses of its slaves in the Anchor Empire, it was common in this era to believe that the best way to end slavery was to kill all of the slaves. Thus the bleeding slaves and their abusive masters fought on the same side, against AlphaLeap, and together they eliminated AlphaLeap's soldiers one by one.

In 4127, the chaos of the war reached such a level that animals began preying on humans for the first time in 1400 years. The slaves sided with the animals, and guided them to kill AlphaLeap's soldiers because AlphaLeap was invading them. The simple minded animals mostly obeyed, and many AlphaLeap soldiers were bitten and bled to death through their body armor. AlphaLeap admitted defeat, and this caused the Halasalans to mostly turn against the remaining Leaper governors. They formed a new political party, the Play party (Pata), for the first time in their emipre's history. A few subjects who were loyal to the Leaper governors moved into forts with them, expecting to face the 15000 soldiers of the Player army soon. But the Players had sworn off direct violence, and preferred to use forest fires and animals with sharp teeth for proteection instead of spears and swords.

AlphaLeap responded by making an alliance with the firebirds, specifically a species of firebirds that was much larger than average. These were called "20-ton rocs".

Play party rule

Platform

The new Play party was run by women. Player ideology demanded that all able-bodied adult males serve in the military and be battle-ready at all times. These soldiers were also required to procure their own food, so much of the farmland in the lowland plains was turned over to the military. Meanwhile, the women at home found themselves vastly outnumbered by needy children. Thus, much of Play party policy revolved around children and children's needs. Since AlphaLeap had shut down the school system when they conquered the empire in 4108, neither the children nor most of the Player adults had had any education, and they governed largely based on their emotions.

For example, AlphaLeap had shut down the schools and forced all children to work in dangerous manual labor occupations in order to improve the Empire's economic output. The Play governors declared that child labor was cruel and therefore freed all children from their work, but there were no adults to replace them. Thus, crucial occupations such as farming and clothes manufacturing that had previously been performed entirely by children were now entirely abandoned, and the Players told their people to forage for food in the wild instead of tending farms. The Player party immediately closed all restaurants and luxury goods stores, saying that people were going to have to start eating poverty foods until the war was over and perhaps even afterwards.

Hygiene

As the population of infants and toddlers grew, the problem of waste disposal quickly became alarming. A committee of Leaper civilians, still nominally in control of the empire outside Paba, recommended that the Play party reinstitute child labor and assign children the jobs of cleaning up human waste. The advisors said that the Players could not assign waste disposal jobs to adults because that would cost them valuable man-hours in every other industry. Only children, they said, should clean up waste products, because that was the only job they were capable of that adults could not do better.

But the Player women ignored the advice, as they realized that by obeying the Leapers they would become their own children's worst enemies. They especially did not like the idea of giving the most undesirable jobs to the youngest children. Since neither children nor adults were willing to clean up their messes, Player-held territory soon became a pestilential mess of flames and feeding insects. Compounded by the shortage of clothes, long-dormant diseases reappeared and spread to both the Players and the Leapers. Some desperate Leapers humiliated themselves by volunteering to clean up the Players' messes themselves, but there were so many Player children that the Leapers could not keep up, and most soon fled to their homelands by boat.

Continued famine

Meanwhile, as the lands around Paba began to recover from their famine, the famine became more severe in Paba because the Player party had prohibited farming, saying the only legal foods were those which could be obtained in an instant. The Players were all former slaves, and in the egalitarian society they set up, famine affected all people about equally, and they had no outside enemy to blame their hunger problems on. Therefore, they made no changes to their way of life, and the famine continued to deepen.

But as hunger turned to starvation, the Player children began to violate the prohibition on child labor. With most adults tied down, children quickly assumed the role of procuring food for themselves and their parents, and most of this food was taken from the sea rather than the farms located in the region south of Paba that had remained under civilian control. Some children believed they could find food if they crossed the ocean to Amade, but none of them knew which way to sail.

The small, clumsy children were prone to accidents and injuries in their boats, but when a group of experienced adult male sailors of the Leaper tribe offered to help them, the children accused the men of catching fish that would otherwise have been caught by the kids, and reported the incident to their parents. The Player government then declared the entire coastline off-limits for all adults and all non-Players.

Private markets called uyunāā were set up just inland from the shore where the children would sell their fish and receive large sums of money to hold in the event they became sick or otherwise unable to catch fish for a period of time. Childless Play families were completely cut off from food production now, and could only survive by selling their property in order to buy food from the children's fish markets.

Dreamland-Halasala relations

In early 4132, Dreamland's Baywatch party heard that AlphaLeap's abusive government had been overthrown and replaced with an all-female party calling itself Play, and decided the time was ripe to invade.

The general of the Dreamer army threatened the women with invasion in the hopes that fear might motivate them to surrender and therefore prevent the war. The Players immediately surrendered the vast majority of their empire to the Dreamer army, maintaining only their claim to the capital city of Paba and many cities connected to Paba by roads and rivers; these were the areas where Play party support was strongest. They promised their people that they would hold strong, and would not obey a foreign army that had yet to begin its war. Meanwhile, they offered people in the surrendered territories the right to move to Paba in order to stay safe, even though they knew this would put pressure on their food supply.

Leaper reaction

The Players also offered to return control of the empire to the Leapers, if only because they wanted to see a war between Dreamland and AlphaLeap rather than a war between Dreamland and the small, poorly equipped Play army. They knew that AlphaLeap had been maintaining a small private army, independent from the official imperial army of Halasala. But AlphaLeap quickly withdrew its soldiers from the territories that the Players had granted to Dreamland, and told the Players that AlphaLeap's soldiers would only fight in areas where the Play army was on the front lines and took most of the casualties. Since the imperial army was now loyal to the Play party, the Leapers refused to fight. Indeed, most Leaper soldiers were now moving back to their original home states, AlphaLeap and Wax, since they knew that the Dreamers were unlikely to push into that territory.

Other nations also rejected any alliance with Paba unless Paba agreed to allow a complete takeover of the government with no rights for Pabaps. Realizing that this would be even worse than what the Dreamers wanted to do to them, the Pabaps rejected all of these potential alliances as well. (They were willing to let AlphaLeap abuse them, but not the other groups, because they figured only AlphaLeap would have an interest in fighting a total war against Dreamland to hold onto its conquest, since AlphaLeap's home territory was a desert, whereas the other major powers had little interest in protecting Paba.)

Some people did move from the other parts of the Four Quarters Empire into Paba, but they were not there to help the Pabaps. Instead, they were fleeing the invading Dreamer army, figuring that they were safer in Paba than anywhere else because Paba was at the extreme opposite end of the empire from where Dreamland had entered. The Players had no soldiers at all in the northwestern part of Halasala; they had been expecting the locals to do the fighting for them.

War with Dreamland

AlphaLeap had remained neutral in this war, as they saw little hope of conquering both Dreamland and the Players. But when returning sailors informed the Leaper government that the Players' coastal territories were now inhabited entirely by children, AlphaLeap revived their claim to rule the Empire and sent their navy to assault the children at sea. Since these children were required to spend their time fishing all day in order to feed their parents, the Leapers knew they could not retreat to shore, and the Leapers could shoot arrows from the safety of their warships while the children struggled to duck out of the way.

In the battle of Satixa, AlphaLeap's navy killed several hundred young boys and girls without sustaining any injuries or damage to their warships. However, some of the kids had escaped even so, and when the Player women learned about the deaths of their children they ordered the creation of a navy and sent a detachment of the land army southward to protect the kids on shore.

When the Leaper pirates learned they would soon need to fight adults, many objected and considered switching sides. They had entered the war after being told they would only have to fight against young children, and that these children would not try to flee or hit back. But now the Player navy was harassing the Leaper pirates, making it harder for them to reach the children's boats and thus forcing the Leapers to risk taking damage as they killed the children in the smaller boats beneath them. Seeing no easy path to victory, AlphaLeap withdrew most of its navy, keeping only a small force in Paba's harbors in order to keep the Players distracted.

Dreamers arrive in Paba

The Dreamers invaded Paba, but were repulsed by the much smarter Play strategists. They had not expected this, as they knew that the Players were both uneducated and poorly equipped for battle. But the Players had mobilized their entire adult male population, whereas the Dreamer army had drafted only a subset. Furthermore, when the Dreamers realized that they were likely to lose their war, most Dreamer states exercised their democratic right to change their foreign policy, even in the midst of a war. They thus abandoned the war, and the one remaining Dreamer state, Popa, was left to face the Play army alone. Popa could not follow the other states because Popa was the easternmost state, and therefore was the area of Dreamland where the Player army began its invasion.

Play victory

Though the Play party had promised early on to end child labor, they had quickly become even more dependent on child labor than their predecessors had been. Children were now responsible for the entire civilian food supply, as all men were required to remain in military encampments, and all women were required to divide their time between childcare and politics. Children under age six remained in the cities with their mothers, while children between age six and adulthood spent their entire day gathering food, mostly fish from the sea, to feed their mothers and younger siblings at night. Thus, each family's food supply was entirely dependent on the number of children they had who could fish the sea. Many Player children ran away from home, and many mothers tried to reform the Play party platform so that they could relieve the burden on their children, but these women, who soon came to call themselves the Pillows, made little progress against the hardline Players whose rigid system of government made reform very difficult. Indeed, it had taken the Players four years to agree to patrol the sea to protect the children from assaults; previously, the Players had simply told the children to fend off kidnappers and other adult invaders on their own.

Because of the dependence on child labor, the Play population was growing at a tremendous rate, measurable even between successive years. In the three years after the Players' conquest of Dreamland in 4138, more than 100,000 Player migrants swarmed into Dreamland even as the population of the Players' home territory approached one million. Soon, the Play party's membership approached one fourth of the total world population. AlphaLeap realized that they had been shut out of power once more, as the Play soldiers had been more competent than the Leapers had anticipated, and had defeated both AlphaLeap and Dreamland in short succession.

However, political control in the new Play empire quickly passed to the small Raspara party, which had for much of its history managed to live parasitically upon much larger powers by controlling education and the distribution of media. Here, the Raspara had won control of the empire by convincing the Play women (Players restricted political power to adult females only) that the Raspara men were better-educated and would thus succeed in avenues where the Players had in the past encountered great difficulty. They thus expanded their power nonviolently.

Soon, however, revolts began, as the uneducated Players blamed the Raspara for nearly everything that soon went wrong, whether or not the Raspara had had any hand in it. Several minor parties soon branched off from the Players; most of these were youth-oriented just as the Players were, and were led largely by teenagers who had never been inside a school. They thus were incompetent, but obtained power by sheer numbers as they achieved local majority status. Nevertheless, the Players were growing even faster than the other groups, and the Raspara actually helped the Players regain control of their empire, as the Raspara felt the Players would themselves be easier to control. But the revolts continued, and in 4149, after eight years of chaotic and interrupted rule, the Raspara were overthrown by a wing of the Play party known as the Tinks.

Contact with the Tinks

The Tinks were led by elderly male blacksmiths who believed that youth domination of politics, and feminism to a lesser extent, had led to many insurmountable problems. They were among the very few people in their empire who had been alive when AlphaLeap had invaded forty years earlier, and therefore were among the very few people in the empire who had ever been to school. Because their empire's population consisted mostly of children, however, the Tinks knew that youth domination of politics was inevitable, and therefore they abolished child labor again and sent all Play children to school, even in the midst of the ongoing war. Most Play party supporters soon joined the Tinks, and came to think of themselves as Tinks, but the Tinks never formally abolished the Play party. Though their platforms were similar, one key difference kept them apart: whereas the Players restricted government power only to adult females, the Tinks restricted government power only to adult males. Thus, many Play men joined the Tinks, but Play women had little incentive to do so, and the two parties fought over gender roles even as more and more married couples came to be divided along party lines. Within a few years, the Tinks became dominant and most Play women agreed to submit to their husbands even as the husbands came to support wifebeating and total domination of women in all spheres of life other than childcare.

The Tinks kept their capital in Săla, the same city that the Players had ruled from. But the young, incoming Tink men soon succumbed to Raspara propaganda just as the Play women had, and within a few short years, the Tink party platform had diverged wildly from its original goals, and everything the Tinks did in their new empire seemed to help only the Raspara. AlphaLeap watched helplessly as even some of the cruel deeds the Leapers had earlier committed in Paba seemed tame by comparison to what the Raspara were now doing. But AlphaLeap had fallen far behind the other powers, and their next contribution to world politics in this era was a naval blockade in 4164 of Amade, done to protect the invading Firestone army from outside interference as they subdued and enslaved the native Crystal population of Amade.

In 4188, AlphaLeap again entered the politics of the Tinks' Empire. They signed an alliance with the Tinks, who by this time were calling themselves Swamp Kids, but privately admitted that they were planning to betray the Tinks at the last moment and capture them as slaves. For this, they needed the help of a rival power, the Matrixes, as the territory in which the Tinks were then concentrated was thousands of miles north of AlphaLeap. Outside parties were skeptical of the Leaper-Matrix alliance, as the two powers seemed to have nothing in common except a track record of abusing the weaker peoples they lived among.

Final years

In 4191, AlphaLeap lost nearly all of its remaining relevance to the wider world, as the war had suddenly shifted westward to Baeba Swamp, far out of reach of the Leapers, and the Leapers who had earlier contributed to the alliance with the Matrix had been quickly swallowed up by outside armies. Paba regained importance as a regional power here, if only because the world's other military powers had lost interest in controlling Paba. The ruling party of Paba at the time was known as the Cream party. The Cream party had declared itself to be a wing of the Play party, but when the Players became defunct, many Creamers lost interest in the parties' shared history.

As the armies in Baeba whittled each other down, a wing of the Zeniths known as the Iron army had remained in Nama, and in the 4220's, a group of Naman diplomats pled with the Irons to take over their government. Some Naman military leaders resisted, but the Irons quickly pushed them into the wilderness, and thus the Irons took over Nama without needing to fight a major war. They then joined the war in Baeba with the Namans at their side. The Iron army soon conquered much of Baeba, and yet still considered themselves to be loyal to Nama. Thus, Nama became once again a major military power, reversing a decline that had gone on for more than two thousand years. The Irons united Baeba and Nama and then declared that any army who did not submit to Iron rule would be invaded and crushed at the first convenience. Thus began the Cosmopolitan Age.

NOTE: It is possible that Baeba's BAX party was a branch of the Leapers, or even that the Leapers had moved their entire operation to Baeba Swamp and renamed it to BAX. Even so, BAX survives only a few more decades before the Iron coalition takes over.