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Garonnian/Phonology: Difference between revisions

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=== Vulgar Latin to Proto-Gallo-Sicilian ===
=== Vulgar Latin to Proto-Gallo-Sicilian ===
* Deletion of vowels in contact with the liquids ({{IPA|/l/}} or {{IPA|/r/}}): ''speculum'' → {{IPA|/isˈpɛkʲu/}} → {{IPA|/isˈpjɔdʒu/}} → ''pesçog​̧'' {{IPA|/pisˈtʃɔdʒ/}} "mirror"
* Deletion of vowels in contact with the liquids ({{IPA|/l/}} or {{IPA|/r/}}): ''speculum'' → {{IPA|/isˈpɛkʲu/}} → {{IPA|/isˈpjɔdʒu/}} → ''pesçog​̧'' {{IPA|/pisˈtʃɔdʒ/}} "mirror"
* Early lenition: {{IPA|/b/}} and {{IPA|/v/}} merge to {{IPA|/β/}} in intervocalic positions. Before liquids, however, the sounds change to {{IPA|/w/}} instead (Latin ''parabolō'' → {{IPA|/paˈrawlu/}} → Garonnian ''parol'' {{IPA|/paˈrɔl/}} "I speak"). Note them will deleted before {{IPA|/j/}}.
* Palatalization of {{IPA|/l/}} following a consonant to {{IPA|/j/}} (note cluster {{IPA|/kl/}} → {{IPA|/kʲ}} → {{IPA|/tʃ/}} → {{IPA|/dʒ/}}, an unusual development in standards of Romance languages, e.g. Latin ''oculus'' → Garonnian ''ueg​̧'' "eye").
* Palatalization of {{IPA|/l/}} following a consonant to {{IPA|/j/}} (note cluster {{IPA|/kl/}} → {{IPA|/kʲ}} → {{IPA|/tʃ/}} → {{IPA|/dʒ/}}, an unusual development in standards of Romance languages, e.g. Latin ''oculus'' → Garonnian ''ueg​̧'' "eye").
* Palatalization of {{IPA|/k(ɛ,i,j)/}}, {{IPA|/ɡ(ɛ,i,j)/}} to {{IPA|/tʃ/}} and {{IPA|/j/}}, respectively. The following original {{IPA|/j/}} sounds (resulted from {{IPA|/e(ː)/}} and {{IPA|/i(ː)/}} preceding vowels) are deleted.
* Palatalization of {{IPA|/k(ɛ,i,j)/}}, {{IPA|/ɡ(ɛ,i,j)/}} to {{IPA|/tʃ/}} and {{IPA|/j/}}, respectively. The following original {{IPA|/j/}} sounds (resulted from {{IPA|/e(ː)/}} and {{IPA|/i(ː)/}} preceding vowels) are deleted.
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|}
|}
* Chain shift involving lenitions occured when the Proto-Gallo-Sicilians migrate to Padania, occuring intervocalically, word-finally, or before liquids ({{IPA|/l/}} or {{IPA|/r/}}):
* Chain shift involving lenitions occured when the Proto-Gallo-Sicilians migrate to Padania, occuring intervocalically, word-finally, or before liquids ({{IPA|/l/}} or {{IPA|/r/}}):
{| class="2"
{| class="wikitable"
! Shift 1
! rowspan="8" | →
! Shift 2
! rowspan="8" | →
! Shift 3
|-
| {{IPA|/k/}}
| {{IPA|/ɡ/}}
| {{IPA|/ɣ/}}
|-
| {{IPA|/p/}}
| {{IPA|/b/}}
| {{IPA|/β/}}
|-
| {{IPA|/t/}}
| {{IPA|/d/}}
| {{IPA|/ð/}}
|-
| {{IPA|/f/}}
| {{IPA|/v/}}
| N/A
|-
| {{IPA|/s/}}
| {{IPA|/z/}}
| N/A
|-
| {{IPA|/ts/}}
| {{IPA|/dz/}}
| N/A
|-
| {{IPA|/tʃ/}}
| {{IPA|/dʒ/}}
| N/A
|}

Revision as of 02:52, 25 January 2022

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal /m/ /n/ /ɲ/ /ŋ/
Plosive /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /ɡ/
Affricate /ts/ /dz/ /tʃ/ /dʒ/
Fricative /f/ /v/ /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /h/
Trill /r/
Approximants /l/ /ʎ/

Unlike many Gallo-Romance languages (French technically lacked this), Garonnian lacks final obstruent devoicing. Unusually among Romance languages, Garonnian exhibits initial consonant mutations and contain somewhat unusual phoneme /ŋ/ which can occur in any positions.

Orthography

Spelling Pronunciation value
Major Examples Minor Examples
b /b/ bull
c Before a, o, u /k/ cur
Before e, i /tʃ/ ciul

Vowels

Front Central Back
Short Long Short Long Short Long
Close /i/ /iː/ /u/ /uː/
Mid /ɛ/ /ɛː/ /ɔ/ /ɔː/
Open /a/ /aː/

In unstressed positions, only the vowels /a, i, u/ are allowed. Vowel length are phonemicized as a result of losses of certain consonants (these are, */β, ð, ɣ/), but also as a result of simplification of certain vowel hiatuses (teir */ti.ˈir/ → /ˈtiːr/ "to hold", aad /ˈaːd/ "(s)he had").

Consonant structure

The maximal consonant structure in Garonnian is C¹C²S¹VS²C¹C².

Stress

Like French, Garonnian words are always stressed in the last syllable. However, words containing vowel hiatuses are stressed in the second-to-last (penultimate) syllable (bua /ˈbu.a/ "good (fem. sg.)"). As previously I, Willett said, only /a, i, u/ are allowed in unstressed syllables.

Phonological changes

Vulgar Latin to Proto-Gallo-Sicilian

  • Deletion of vowels in contact with the liquids (/l/ or /r/): speculum → /isˈpɛkʲu/ → /isˈpjɔdʒu/ → pesçog​̧ /pisˈtʃɔdʒ/ "mirror"
  • Early lenition: /b/ and /v/ merge to /β/ in intervocalic positions. Before liquids, however, the sounds change to /w/ instead (Latin parabolō → /paˈrawlu/ → Garonnian parol /paˈrɔl/ "I speak"). Note them will deleted before /j/.
  • Palatalization of /l/ following a consonant to /j/ (note cluster /kl/ → /kʲ → /tʃ/ → /dʒ/, an unusual development in standards of Romance languages, e.g. Latin oculus → Garonnian ueg​̧ "eye").
  • Palatalization of /k(ɛ,i,j)/, /ɡ(ɛ,i,j)/ to /tʃ/ and /j/, respectively. The following original /j/ sounds (resulted from /e(ː)/ and /i(ː)/ preceding vowels) are deleted.
    • Notice also additional palatalizations that only occur before /j/: /lʲ/ → /ʎ/, /nʲ/ → /ɲ/, /sʲ/ → /ʃ/, and /tʲ/ → /ts/. Others were still denoted by plain palatalization: /mʲ/, /pʲ/, and /rʲ/. Note that original /bʲ/ in early Proto-Gallo-Sicilian times transformed into /j/: habeō → ai "I have".
  • Vowel shifts: ten vowels in Classical Latin are reduced to only five vowels in Proto-Gallo-Sicilian:
Classical Latin a aː e eː i iː o oː u uː
Proto-Gallo-Sicilian a ɛ i ɔ u
  • Chain shift involving lenitions occured when the Proto-Gallo-Sicilians migrate to Padania, occuring intervocalically, word-finally, or before liquids (/l/ or /r/):
Shift 1 → Shift 2 → Shift 3
/k/ /ɡ/ /ɣ/
/p/ /b/ /β/
/t/ /d/ /ð/
/f/ /v/ N/A
/s/ /z/ N/A
/ts/ /dz/ N/A
/tʃ/ /dʒ/ N/A
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