Veslovian/Verbs: Difference between revisions

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== Groups ==
== Groups ==
Groups are ordered largely according to the Latin conjugation groups, so ''lubanu'' "to love", ''točenu'' "to cover", and ''dělínu'' "to divide" translates to Latin ''amāre'', ''tegere'', and ''partīre''. Despite its dialectal diversity, the prototypical verbs are always the same.
Groups are ordered largely according to the Latin conjugation groups, so ''luvanu'' "to love", ''točenu'' "to cover", and ''dělínu'' "to divide" translates to Latin ''amāre'', ''tegere'', and ''partīre''. Despite its dialectal diversity, the prototypical verbs are always the same.


* '''First conjugation''':
* '''First conjugation''':
** Northern: ''prmí konjugacja'', infinitive ending in ''-anu'' (''lubanu'').
** Northern: ''prmí konjugacja'', infinitive ending in ''-énu'' (''luvénu'').
** Central: ''prme konjugacja'', infinitive ending in ''-anu'' (''lubano'').
** Western: ''perm coniugazia'', infinitive ending in ''-en'' (''lîven'').
** Western: ''perm coniugazia'', infinitive ending in ''-an'' (''luban'').
** Southern: ''prme konjugacja'', infinitive ending in ''-ajeno'' (''lavajeno'').
** Southern: ''prmije konjugacja'', infinitive ending in ''-anu'' (''lubanu'').


* '''Second conjugation''':
* '''Second conjugation''':
** Northern: ''vutera konjugacja'', infinitive ending in ''-enu'' (''točenu'').
** Northern: ''vutera konjugacja'', infinitive ending in ''-énu'' (''točénu'').
** Central: ''votera konjugacja'', infinitive ending in ''-eno'' (''točeno'').
** Western: ''vontere coniugazia'', infinitive ending in ''-en'' (''tocen'').
** Western: ''vontere coniugazia'', infinitive ending in ''-en'' (''tocen'').
** Southern: ''vutera konjugacja'', infinitive ending in ''-enu'' (''točenu'').
** Southern: ''votera konjugacja'', infinitive ending in ''-ojeno'' (''točojeno'').


* '''Third conjugation''':
* '''Third conjugation''':
** Northern: ''třdí konjugacja'', infinitive ending in ''-ínu''/''-ýnu'' (''dělínu'').
** Northern: ''třdí konjugacja'', infinitive ending in ''-ínu''/''-ýnu'' (''dělínu'').
** Central: ''trde konjugacja'', infinitive ending in ''-eno'' (''delēno'').
** Western: ''tert coniugazia'', infinitive ending in ''-an'' (''delan'').
** Western: ''tert coniugazia'', infinitive ending in ''-an'' (''delan'').
** Southern: ''trdije konjugacja'', infinitive ending in ''-ijenu'' (''djelijenu'').
** Southern: ''trde konjugacja'', infinitive ending in ''-eno'' (''deleno'').


In all of dialects, the final vowel tends to lost and shorten colloquially, except in the Western dialects where such changes were regarded as standard.
In all of dialects, the final vowel tends to lost and shorten colloquially, except in the Western dialects where such changes were regarded as standard.
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|-
|-
! style="background:red" | Northern
! style="background:red" | Northern
| ''leb'''udo'''''
| ''luv'''oudo'''''
| ''teč'''oudo'''''
| ''teč'''oudo'''''
| ''děl'''ído'''''
| ''děl'''ído'''''
|-
|-
! style="background:white" | Southern
! style="background:white" | Southern
| ''leb'''odo'''''
| ''lev'''odo'''''
| ''tēč'''edo'''''
| ''tēč'''edo'''''
| ''dēl'''edo'''''
| ''dēl'''edo'''''
|-
|-
! style="background:blue" | Western
! style="background:blue" | Western
| ''lib'''ot'''''
| ''lîv'''ot'''''
| ''tic'''êt'''''
| ''tic'''êt'''''
| ''dil'''êt'''''
| ''dil'''êt'''''
|}
=== Past participle ===
Past participle are either formed by adding a dental suffix (such verbs are known as weak ones), changing the root vowel (ablaut), or reduplicating the stem. Let's start from the most regular ones (dental).
{| class="wikitable"
!
! 1
! 2
! 3
|-
! style="background:red" | Northern
| ''luv'''édo'''''
| ''teč'''édo'''''
| ''díl'''do'''''
|-
! style="background:white" | Southern
| ''lev'''edo'''''
| ''teč'''edo'''''
| ''dēl'''do'''''
|-
! style="background:blue" | Western
| ''lîv'''êt'''''
| ''tic'''êt'''''
| ''dîl'''t'''''
|}
|}

Revision as of 17:52, 24 November 2021

The Veslovian verbs are divided to 3 conjugation groups for non-ablauting ones (weak) and 7 groups for ablauting ones (strong). However, such divisions only found in the past participle forms.

Groups

Groups are ordered largely according to the Latin conjugation groups, so luvanu "to love", točenu "to cover", and dělínu "to divide" translates to Latin amāre, tegere, and partīre. Despite its dialectal diversity, the prototypical verbs are always the same.

  • First conjugation:
    • Northern: prmí konjugacja, infinitive ending in -énu (luvénu).
    • Western: perm coniugazia, infinitive ending in -en (lîven).
    • Southern: prme konjugacja, infinitive ending in -ajeno (lavajeno).
  • Second conjugation:
    • Northern: vutera konjugacja, infinitive ending in -énu (točénu).
    • Western: vontere coniugazia, infinitive ending in -en (tocen).
    • Southern: votera konjugacja, infinitive ending in -ojeno (točojeno).
  • Third conjugation:
    • Northern: třdí konjugacja, infinitive ending in -ínu/-ýnu (dělínu).
    • Western: tert coniugazia, infinitive ending in -an (delan).
    • Southern: trde konjugacja, infinitive ending in -eno (deleno).

In all of dialects, the final vowel tends to lost and shorten colloquially, except in the Western dialects where such changes were regarded as standard.

Non-finite forms

Present participle

Present participle are usually formed by these endings:

1 2 3
Northern luvoudo tečoudo dělído
Southern levodo tēčedo dēledo
Western lîvot ticêt dilêt

Past participle

Past participle are either formed by adding a dental suffix (such verbs are known as weak ones), changing the root vowel (ablaut), or reduplicating the stem. Let's start from the most regular ones (dental).

1 2 3
Northern luvédo tečédo díldo
Southern levedo tečedo dēldo
Western lîvêt ticêt dîlt