Cernelian/1st declension: Difference between revisions
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(Fix dative endings) |
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Dative | ! colspan="2" | Dative | ||
| ''- | | ''-ą'' | ||
| ''-<span style="color:green">ię</span>'' | | ''-<span style="color:green">ię</span>'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Instrumental | ! colspan="2" | Instrumental | ||
| ''-onie'' | |||
| ''-<span style="color:green">ie</span>nie'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Vocative | ! colspan="2" | Vocative | ||
Line 59: | Line 59: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| ''koł''' | | ''koł'''ą''''' | ||
| ''ko<span style="color:green">l</span>'''ę''''' | | ''ko<span style="color:green">l</span>'''ę''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 71: | Line 71: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| ''koł'''onie''''' | |||
| ''ko<span style="color:green">l</span>'''enie''''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Vocative | ! Vocative | ||
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| style="background:#ddd" | ''koł'''o''''' | | style="background:#ddd" | ''koł'''o''''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Type 1B == | |||
Mix between type 1A and 1C, weak grades behave like 1C endings while strong grades behave like 1A (weak grades are shown in the previous section). It only apply for stems with the last vowel in ''a'' or ''o'', and those with gradable consonants ''k'', ''p'', ''t'', and ''s''. | |||
Examples: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ ''apo'' "aspen" | |+ ''apo'' "aspen" | ||
Line 86: | Line 90: | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| ''ap'''o''''' | | ''ap'''o''''' | ||
| rowspan="2" style="background:#ddd" | '' | | rowspan="2" style="background:#ddd" | '''''a''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
Line 95: | Line 99: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| ''ap''' | | ''ap'''ą''''' | ||
| ''ap'''ę''''' | | ''ap'''ę''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Locative | ! Locative | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | '' | | style="background:#ddd" | '''''aso''''' | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | '' | | style="background:#ddd" | '''''ajsze''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ablative | ! Ablative | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | '' | | style="background:#ddd" | '''''asto''''' | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | '' | | style="background:#ddd" | '''''ajsto''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| ''ap'''onie''''' | |||
| | | ''ap'''ienie''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Vocative | ! Vocative | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | '' | | style="background:#ddd" | '''''aso''''' | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | '' | | style="background:#ddd" | '''''a''''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Type 1C == | == Type 1C == | ||
Nominals ending in ''-a | Nominals ending in ''-a''. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! colspan="2" | | ! colspan="2" | | ||
Line 208: | Line 134: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Animate | ! Animate | ||
| rowspan="2" | ''- | | rowspan="2" | ''-ę'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Genitive | ! colspan="2" | Genitive | ||
Line 214: | Line 140: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Dative | ! colspan="2" | Dative | ||
| | | colspan="2" | ''-ą'' | ||
| ''- | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Locative | ! colspan="2" | Locative | ||
| ''-aso'' | | ''-aso'' | ||
| ''- | | ''-ajcho'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Ablative | ! colspan="2" | Ablative | ||
| ''-asto'' | | ''-asto'' | ||
| ''- | | ''-ajsto'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Instrumental | ! colspan="2" | Instrumental | ||
| ''- | | ''-anie'' | ||
| ''- | | ''-ajnie'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Vocative | ! colspan="2" | Vocative | ||
Line 235: | Line 160: | ||
Examples: | Examples: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ '' | |+ ''jała'' "elm" | ||
! | ! | ||
! Singular | ! Singular | ||
Line 241: | Line 166: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| rowspan="2" | '' | | rowspan="2" | ''jał'''a''''' | ||
| rowspan="2" | '' | | rowspan="2" | ''jał'''a''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''ę''''' | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''adzię''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| | | colspan="2" | ''jał'''ą''''' | ||
| '' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Locative | ! Locative | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''aso''''' | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''ajsze''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ablative | ! Ablative | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''asto''''' | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''ajsto''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''anie''''' | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''ajnie''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Vocative | ! Vocative | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''aso''''' | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''a''''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
This group is caused by loss of ''- | This group is caused by loss of fricatives ''-b-'', ''-d-'', and ''-g-'', between two adjacent vowels. It can also used for loans in ''-a'' usually from Polish, for example ''Karolina'' "Karolina, a female given name", dat. ''Karoliną'' "to Karolina", inst. ''Karolinanie'' "with Karolina". |
Latest revision as of 02:00, 29 October 2021
Nominals ending in -o, or sometimes -a (not to be confused with irregular nouns like sa "swamp").
Type 1A
Nominals with stems ending in -b, -ch, -d, -f, -ł, -m, -n, -p, -r, -s, -t, -w, and -z.
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -o | -o | |
Accusative | Inanimate | ||
Animate | -ę | ||
Genitive | -odzię | ||
Dative | -ą | -ię | |
Locative | -oso | -iacho | |
Ablative | -osto | -iasto | |
Instrumental | -onie | -ienie | |
Vocative | -oso | -o |
Examples:
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | koło | koło |
Accusative | kołę | |
Genitive | kołodzię | |
Dative | kołą | kolę |
Locative | kołoso | kolacho |
Ablative | kołosto | kolasto |
Instrumental | kołonie | kolenie |
Vocative | kołoso | koło |
Type 1B
Mix between type 1A and 1C, weak grades behave like 1C endings while strong grades behave like 1A (weak grades are shown in the previous section). It only apply for stems with the last vowel in a or o, and those with gradable consonants k, p, t, and s. Examples:
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | apo | a |
Accusative | awę | |
Genitive | apodzię | |
Dative | apą | apę |
Locative | aso | ajsze |
Ablative | asto | ajsto |
Instrumental | aponie | apienie |
Vocative | aso | a |
Type 1C
Nominals ending in -a.
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -a | -a | |
Accusative | Inanimate | ||
Animate | -ę | ||
Genitive | -adzię | ||
Dative | -ą | ||
Locative | -aso | -ajcho | |
Ablative | -asto | -ajsto | |
Instrumental | -anie | -ajnie | |
Vocative | -aso | -a |
Examples:
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | jała | jała |
Accusative | ||
Genitive | jałę | jaładzię |
Dative | jałą | |
Locative | jałaso | jałajsze |
Ablative | jałasto | jałajsto |
Instrumental | jałanie | jałajnie |
Vocative | jałaso | jała |
This group is caused by loss of fricatives -b-, -d-, and -g-, between two adjacent vowels. It can also used for loans in -a usually from Polish, for example Karolina "Karolina, a female given name", dat. Karoliną "to Karolina", inst. Karolinanie "with Karolina".