Cernelian/3rd declension: Difference between revisions
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| style="background:#ddd" | ''-ie'' | | style="background:#ddd" | ''-ie'' | ||
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Latest revision as of 19:33, 23 October 2021
Nominals ending in soft -∅. Because in Proto-Finnic this type ends in -i which transparent in vowel harmony (łólcho "in the stupid one" vs. nirsze "in the dull one"), it split into four subtypes. While in other Finnic languages e-stem is more alive, i-stem is much alive here and the e-stem of 3rd declension simply died. The remnants of e-stem here is the nominative (incl. accusative and vocative) plurals, and locational singular cases, as a result of the mixing of i-stems and e-stems (the genitive forms are already similar to each other).
Type 3A
Nominals with stems ending in -b, -ć, -dź, -j, -m, -ń, -p, -ś, -w, and -ź (all letters containing acute accent like -dź always written -Ci(V)- before vowels). It has back vowel harmony.
| Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -∅ | -ie | |
| Accusative | Inanimate | ||
| Animate | -ię | ||
| Genitive | -iedzię | ||
| Dative | -ię | -ią | |
| Locative | -ioso | -isze | |
| Ablative | -iosto | -isto | |
| Instrumental | -ienie | -inie | |
| Vocative | -ioso | -ie | |
Examples:
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | tuć | tudzie |
| Accusative | tudzię | |
| Genitive | tuciedzię | |
| Dative | tucię | tucią |
| Locative | tudzioso | tucisze |
| Ablative | tudziosto | tucisto |
| Instrumental | tucienie | tucinie |
| Vocative | tudzioso | tudzie |
Type 3B
Nominals with stems ending in -c, -cz, -dz, -dż, -rz, -sz, and -ż. It has back vowel harmony.
| Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -∅ | -e | |
| Accusative | Inanimate | ||
| Animate | -ę | ||
| Genitive | -edzię | ||
| Dative | -ę | -ą | |
| Locative | -oso | -ysze | |
| Ablative | -osto | -ysto | |
| Instrumental | -enie | -ynie | |
| Vocative | -oso | -e | |
Examples:
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | łócz | łoże |
| Accusative | łożę | |
| Genitive | łoczedzię | |
| Dative | łoczę | łożą |
| Locative | łożoso | łoczysze |
| Ablative | łożosto | łoczysto |
| Instrumental | łoczenie | łoczynie |
| Vocative | łożoso | łoże |
