Cernelian/3rd declension: Difference between revisions
(Can I favor more proportions of e-stem forms?) |
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[[Cernelian/Nominals|Nominals]] ending in soft ''-∅''. Because in Proto-Finnic this type ends in ''-i'' which transparent in vowel harmony (''łólcho'' "in the stupid one" vs. ''nirsze'' "in the dull one"), it split into four subtypes. While in other Finnic languages e-stem is more alive, i-stem is much alive here and the e-stem of 3rd declension simply died. The | [[Cernelian/Nominals|Nominals]] ending in soft ''-∅''. Because in Proto-Finnic this type ends in ''-i'' which transparent in vowel harmony (''łólcho'' "in the stupid one" vs. ''nirsze'' "in the dull one"), it split into four subtypes. While in other Finnic languages e-stem is more alive, i-stem is much alive here and the e-stem of 3rd declension simply died. The remnants of e-stem here is the nominative (incl. accusative and vocative) plurals, and locational singular cases, as a result of the mixing of i-stems and e-stems (the genitive forms are already similar to each other). | ||
== Type 3A == | == Type 3A == | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Animate | ! Animate | ||
| rowspan=" | | rowspan="3" style="background:#ddd" | ''-ię'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Genitive | ! colspan="2" | Genitive | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Dative | ! colspan="2" | Dative | ||
| ''-ią'' | | ''-ią'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Locative | ! colspan="2" | Locative | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | ''- | | style="background:#ddd" | ''-ioso'' | ||
| ''-isze'' | | ''-isze'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Ablative | ! colspan="2" | Ablative | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | ''- | | style="background:#ddd" | ''-iosto'' | ||
| ''-isto'' | | ''-isto'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Instrumental | ! colspan="2" | Instrumental | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | ''- | | style="background:#ddd" | ''-ienie'' | ||
| ''-inie'' | | ''-inie'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
| rowspan=" | | rowspan="3" style="background:#ddd" | ''tudz'''ię''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| ''tuc'''ią''''' | | ''tuc'''ią''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Locative | ! Locative | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | '' | | style="background:#ddd" | ''tudzio'''so''''' | ||
| ''tuc'''isze''''' | | ''tuc'''isze''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ablative | ! Ablative | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | '' | | style="background:#ddd" | ''tudzio'''sto''''' | ||
| ''tuc'''isto''''' | | ''tuc'''isto''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| '' | | ''tucie'''nie''''' | ||
| ''tuc'''inie''''' | | ''tuc'''inie''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Vocative | ! Vocative | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | '' | | style="background:#ddd" | ''tudzio'''so''''' | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | ''tudz'''ie''''' | | style="background:#ddd" | ''tudz'''ie''''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Dative | ! colspan="2" | Dative | ||
| ''- | | ''-ę'' | ||
| ''-ą'' | | ''-ą'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Locative | ! colspan="2" | Locative | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | ''- | | style="background:#ddd" | ''-oso'' | ||
| ''-ysze'' | | ''-ysze'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Ablative | ! colspan="2" | Ablative | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | ''- | | style="background:#ddd" | ''-osto'' | ||
| ''-ysto'' | | ''-ysto'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Instrumental | ! colspan="2" | Instrumental | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | ''- | | style="background:#ddd" | ''-enie'' | ||
| ''-ynie'' | | ''-ynie'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Vocative | ! colspan="2" | Vocative | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | ''- | | style="background:#ddd" | ''-oso'' | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-e'' | | style="background:#ddd" | ''-e'' | ||
|} | |} |
Revision as of 02:12, 23 October 2021
Nominals ending in soft -∅. Because in Proto-Finnic this type ends in -i which transparent in vowel harmony (łólcho "in the stupid one" vs. nirsze "in the dull one"), it split into four subtypes. While in other Finnic languages e-stem is more alive, i-stem is much alive here and the e-stem of 3rd declension simply died. The remnants of e-stem here is the nominative (incl. accusative and vocative) plurals, and locational singular cases, as a result of the mixing of i-stems and e-stems (the genitive forms are already similar to each other).
Type 3A
Nominals with stems ending in -b, -ć, -dź, -j, -m, -ń, -p, -ś, -w, and -ź (all letters containing acute accent like -dź always written -Ci(V)- before vowels). It has back vowel harmony.
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -∅ | -ie | |
Accusative | Inanimate | ||
Animate | -ię | ||
Genitive | -iedzię | ||
Dative | -ią | ||
Locative | -ioso | -isze | |
Ablative | -iosto | -isto | |
Instrumental | -ienie | -inie | |
Vocative | -cho | -ie |
Examples:
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | tuć | tudzie |
Accusative | tudzię | |
Genitive | tuciedzię | |
Dative | tucią | |
Locative | tudzioso | tucisze |
Ablative | tudziosto | tucisto |
Instrumental | tucienie | tucinie |
Vocative | tudzioso | tudzie |
Type 3B
Nominals with stems ending in -c, -cz, -dz, -dż, -rz, -sz, and -ż. It has back vowel harmony.
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -∅ | -e | |
Accusative | Inanimate | ||
Animate | -ę | ||
Genitive | -edzię | ||
Dative | -ę | -ą | |
Locative | -oso | -ysze | |
Ablative | -osto | -ysto | |
Instrumental | -enie | -ynie | |
Vocative | -oso | -e |