Cernelian/1st declension: Difference between revisions
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| style="background:#ddd" | ''koł'''o''''' | | style="background:#ddd" | ''koł'''o''''' | ||
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== Type 1B == | |||
Mix between type 1A and 1C, weak grades behave like 1C endings while strong grades behave like 1A (weak grades are shown in the previous section). | |||
Examples: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ ''apo'' "aspen" | |+ ''apo'' "aspen" |
Revision as of 19:46, 22 October 2021
Nominals ending in -o, or sometimes -a (not to be confused with irregular nouns like sa "swamp").
Type 1A
Nominals with stems ending in -b, -ch, -d, -f, -ł, -m, -n, -p, -r, -s, -t, -w, and -z.
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -o | -o | |
Accusative | Inanimate | ||
Animate | -ę | ||
Genitive | -odzię | ||
Dative | -oję | -ię | |
Locative | -oso | -iacho | |
Ablative | -osto | -iasto | |
Instrumental | -onie | -ienie | |
Vocative | -oso | -o |
Examples:
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | koło | koło |
Accusative | kołę | |
Genitive | kołodzię | |
Dative | kołoję | kolę |
Locative | kołoso | kolacho |
Ablative | kołosto | kolasto |
Instrumental | kołonie | kolenie |
Vocative | kołoso | koło |
Type 1B
Mix between type 1A and 1C, weak grades behave like 1C endings while strong grades behave like 1A (weak grades are shown in the previous section). Examples:
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | apo | a |
Accusative | awę | |
Genitive | apodzię | |
Dative | apoję | apę |
Locative | aso | ajszo |
Ablative | asto | ajsto |
Instrumental | aponie | apienie |
Vocative | aso | a |
Type 1B
Nominals ending in -a.
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -a | -a | |
Accusative | Inanimate | ||
Animate | -ę | ||
Genitive | -adzię | ||
Dative | -aję | -aję | |
Locative | -aso | -ajcho | |
Ablative | -asto | -ajsto | |
Instrumental | -anie | -ajnie | |
Vocative | -aso | -a |
Examples:
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | jała | jała |
Accusative | ||
Genitive | jałę | jaładzię |
Dative | jałaję | jałaję |
Locative | jałaso | jałajszo |
Ablative | jałasto | jałajsto |
Instrumental | jałanie | jałajnie |
Vocative | jałaso | jała |
This group is caused by loss of fricatives -b-, -d-, and -g-, between two adjacent vowels. It can also used for loans in -a usually from Polish, for example Karolina "Karolina, a female given name", dat. Karolinaję "to Karolina", inst. Karolinanie "with Karolina".