Cernelian/1st declension: Difference between revisions
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Instrumental | ! colspan="2" | Instrumental | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | ''- | | style="background:#ddd" | ''-onie'' | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-<span style="color:green"> | | style="background:#ddd" | ''-<span style="color:green">ie</span>nie'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Vocative | ! colspan="2" | Vocative | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | ''koł''' | | style="background:#ddd" | ''koł'''onie''''' | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | ''ko<span style="color:green">l</span>''' | | style="background:#ddd" | ''ko<span style="color:green">l</span>'''enie''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Vocative | ! Vocative | ||
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! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| ''ap'''o''''' | | ''ap'''o''''' | ||
| rowspan="2" style="background:#ddd" | '' | | rowspan="2" style="background:#ddd" | '''''a''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Locative | ! Locative | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | '' | | style="background:#ddd" | '''''aso''''' | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | '' | | style="background:#ddd" | '''''ajszo''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ablative | ! Ablative | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | '' | | style="background:#ddd" | '''''asto''''' | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | '' | | style="background:#ddd" | '''''ajsto''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | '' | | style="background:#ddd" | '''''anie''''' | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | '' | | style="background:#ddd" | '''''ajnie''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Vocative | ! Vocative | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | '' | | style="background:#ddd" | '''''aso''''' | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | '' | | style="background:#ddd" | '''''a''''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Type 1B == | == Type 1B == | ||
Nominals ending in ''-a''. | Nominals ending in ''-a''. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| ''jał''' | | ''jał'''anie''''' | ||
| ''jał''' | | ''jał'''ajnie''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Vocative | ! Vocative |
Revision as of 20:05, 20 October 2021
Nominals ending in -o, or sometimes -a (not to be confused with irregular nouns like sa "swamp").
Type 1A
Nominals with stems ending in -b, -ch, -d, -f, -ł, -m, -n, -p, -r, -s, -t, -w, and -z.
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -o | -o | |
Accusative | Inanimate | ||
Animate | -ę | ||
Genitive | -odzię | ||
Dative | -oję | -ię | |
Locative | -oso | -iacho | |
Ablative | -osto | -iasto | |
Instrumental | -onie | -ienie | |
Vocative | -oso | -o |
Examples:
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | koło | koło |
Accusative | kołę | |
Genitive | kołodzię | |
Dative | kołoję | kolę |
Locative | kołoso | kolacho |
Ablative | kołosto | kolasto |
Instrumental | kołonie | kolenie |
Vocative | kołoso | koło |
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | apo | a |
Accusative | awę | |
Genitive | apodzię | |
Dative | apoję | apę |
Locative | aso | ajszo |
Ablative | asto | ajsto |
Instrumental | anie | ajnie |
Vocative | aso | a |
Type 1B
Nominals ending in -a.
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -a | -a | |
Accusative | Inanimate | ||
Animate | -ę | ||
Genitive | -adzię | ||
Dative | -aję | -aję | |
Locative | -aso | -ajcho | |
Ablative | -asto | -ajsto | |
Instrumental | -ało | -ajło | |
Vocative | -aso | -a |
Examples:
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | jała | jała |
Accusative | ||
Genitive | jałę | jaładzię |
Dative | jałaję | jałaję |
Locative | jałaso | jałajszo |
Ablative | jałasto | jałajsto |
Instrumental | jałanie | jałajnie |
Vocative | jałaso | jała |
This group is caused by loss of fricatives -b-, -d-, and -g-, between two adjacent vowels. It can also used for loans in -a usually from Polish, for example Karolina "Karolina, a female given name", dat. Karolinaję "to Karolina".