Cernelian/1st declension: Difference between revisions
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Line 208: | Line 208: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Animate | ! Animate | ||
| rowspan="2" | ''- | | rowspan="2" | ''-ę'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Genitive | ! colspan="2" | Genitive | ||
Line 215: | Line 215: | ||
! colspan="2" | Dative | ! colspan="2" | Dative | ||
| ''-aję'' | | ''-aję'' | ||
| ''- | | ''-aję'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Locative | ! colspan="2" | Locative | ||
| ''-aso'' | | ''-aso'' | ||
| ''- | | ''-ajcho'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Ablative | ! colspan="2" | Ablative | ||
| ''-asto'' | | ''-asto'' | ||
| ''- | | ''-ajsto'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Instrumental | ! colspan="2" | Instrumental | ||
| ''-ało'' | | ''-ało'' | ||
| ''- | | ''-ajło'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Vocative | ! colspan="2" | Vocative | ||
Line 235: | Line 235: | ||
Examples: | Examples: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ '' | |+ ''jała'' "elm" | ||
! | ! | ||
! Singular | ! Singular | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| rowspan="2" | '' | | rowspan="2" | ''jał'''a''''' | ||
| rowspan="2" | '' | | rowspan="2" | ''jał'''a''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''ę''''' | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''adzię''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''aję''''' | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''aję''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Locative | ! Locative | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''aso''''' | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''ajszo''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ablative | ! Ablative | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''asto''''' | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''ajsto''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''ało''''' | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''ajło''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Vocative | ! Vocative | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''aso''''' | ||
| '' | | ''jał'''a''''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
This group is caused by loss of | This group is caused by loss of fricatives ''-b-'', ''-d-'', and ''-g-'', between two adjacent vowels. It can also used for loans in ''-a'' usually from Polish, for example ''Karolina'' "Karolina, a female given name", dat. ''Karolinaję'' "to Karolina". |
Revision as of 18:44, 20 October 2021
Nominals ending in -o, or sometimes -a (not to be confused with irregular nouns like sa "swamp").
Type 1A
Nominals with stems ending in -b, -ch, -d, -f, -ł, -m, -n, -p, -r, -s, -t, -w, and -z.
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -o | -o | |
Accusative | Inanimate | ||
Animate | -ę | ||
Genitive | -odzię | ||
Dative | -oję | -ię | |
Locative | -oso | -iacho | |
Ablative | -osto | -iasto | |
Instrumental | -oło | -iało | |
Vocative | -oso | -o |
Examples:
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | koło | koło |
Accusative | kołę | |
Genitive | kołodzię | |
Dative | kołoję | kolę |
Locative | kołoso | kolacho |
Ablative | kołosto | kolasto |
Instrumental | kołoło | kolało |
Vocative | kołoso | koło |
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | apo | awo |
Accusative | awę | |
Genitive | apodzię | |
Dative | apoję | apę |
Locative | awoso | awiacho |
Ablative | awosto | awiasto |
Instrumental | awoło | awiało |
Vocative | awoso | awo |
Type 1B
Nominals with stems ending in -k and -g (this consonant only exists after consonants).
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -o | -o | |
Accusative | Inanimate | ||
Animate | -ię | ||
Genitive | -odzię | ||
Dative | -oję | -ię | |
Locative | -oso | -iacho | |
Ablative | -osto | -iasto | |
Instrumental | -oło | -iało | |
Vocative | -oso | -o |
Examples:
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | jałko | jałgo |
Accusative | jałgię | |
Genitive | jałkodzię | |
Dative | jałkoję | jełcę |
Locative | jałgoso | jełdzacho |
Ablative | jałgosto | jełdzasto |
Instrumental | jałgoło | jełdzało |
Vocative | jałgoso | jałgo |
Type 1C
Nominals ending in -a.
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -a | -a | |
Accusative | Inanimate | ||
Animate | -ę | ||
Genitive | -adzię | ||
Dative | -aję | -aję | |
Locative | -aso | -ajcho | |
Ablative | -asto | -ajsto | |
Instrumental | -ało | -ajło | |
Vocative | -aso | -a |
Examples:
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | jała | jała |
Accusative | ||
Genitive | jałę | jaładzię |
Dative | jałaję | jałaję |
Locative | jałaso | jałajszo |
Ablative | jałasto | jałajsto |
Instrumental | jałało | jałajło |
Vocative | jałaso | jała |
This group is caused by loss of fricatives -b-, -d-, and -g-, between two adjacent vowels. It can also used for loans in -a usually from Polish, for example Karolina "Karolina, a female given name", dat. Karolinaję "to Karolina".