Cernelian/1st declension: Difference between revisions

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|-
|-
! Animate
! Animate
| rowspan="2" | ''-oję''
| rowspan="2" | ''-ę''
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Genitive
! colspan="2" | Genitive
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! colspan="2" | Dative
! colspan="2" | Dative
| ''-aję''
| ''-aję''
| ''-''
| ''-aję''
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Locative
! colspan="2" | Locative
| ''-aso''
| ''-aso''
| ''-iacho''
| ''-ajcho''
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Ablative
! colspan="2" | Ablative
| ''-asto''
| ''-asto''
| ''-iasto''
| ''-ajsto''
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Instrumental
! colspan="2" | Instrumental
| ''-ało''
| ''-ało''
| ''-iało''
| ''-ajło''
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Vocative
! colspan="2" | Vocative
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Examples:
Examples:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ ''ma'' "hut"
|+ ''jała'' "elm"
!
!
! Singular
! Singular
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|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative
| rowspan="2" | ''m'''a'''''
| rowspan="2" | ''jał'''a'''''
| rowspan="2" | ''m'''a'''''
| rowspan="2" | ''jał'''a'''''
|-
|-
! Accusative
! Accusative
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| ''m'''oję'''''
| ''jał'''ę'''''
| ''m'''adzię'''''
| ''jał'''adzię'''''
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| ''m'''aję'''''
| ''jał'''aję'''''
| ''m''''''''
| ''jał'''aję'''''
|-
|-
! Locative
! Locative
| ''m'''aso'''''
| ''jał'''aso'''''
| ''m'''iacho'''''
| ''jał'''ajszo'''''
|-
|-
! Ablative
! Ablative
| ''m'''asto'''''
| ''jał'''asto'''''
| ''m'''iasto'''''
| ''jał'''ajsto'''''
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Instrumental
| ''m'''ało'''''
| ''jał'''ało'''''
| ''m'''iało'''''
| ''jał'''ajło'''''
|-
|-
! Vocative
! Vocative
| ''m'''aso'''''
| ''jał'''aso'''''
| ''m'''a'''''
| ''jał'''a'''''
|}
|}
This group is caused by loss of ''-j-'', including ''-b-'', ''-d-'', and ''-g-'', between two adjacent vowels.
This group is caused by loss of fricatives ''-b-'', ''-d-'', and ''-g-'', between two adjacent vowels. It can also used for loans in ''-a'' usually from Polish, for example ''Karolina'' "Karolina, a female given name", dat. ''Karolinaję'' "to Karolina".

Revision as of 18:44, 20 October 2021

Nominals ending in -o, or sometimes -a (not to be confused with irregular nouns like sa "swamp").

Type 1A

Nominals with stems ending in -b, -ch, -d, -f, , -m, -n, -p, -r, -s, -t, -w, and -z.

Singular Plural
Nominative -o -o
Accusative Inanimate
Animate
Genitive -odzię
Dative -oję -
Locative -oso -iacho
Ablative -osto -iasto
Instrumental -oło -iało
Vocative -oso -o

Examples:

koło "fish"
Singular Plural
Nominative koło koło
Accusative kołę
Genitive kołodzię
Dative kołoję kolę
Locative kołoso kolacho
Ablative kołosto kolasto
Instrumental kołoło kolało
Vocative kołoso koło
apo "aspen"
Singular Plural
Nominative apo awo
Accusative awę
Genitive apodzię
Dative apoję apę
Locative awoso awiacho
Ablative awosto awiasto
Instrumental awoło awiało
Vocative awoso awo

Type 1B

Nominals with stems ending in -k and -g (this consonant only exists after consonants).

Singular Plural
Nominative -o -o
Accusative Inanimate
Animate -ię
Genitive -odzię
Dative -oję -
Locative -oso -iacho
Ablative -osto -iasto
Instrumental -oło -iało
Vocative -oso -o

Examples:

jałko "foot"
Singular Plural
Nominative jałko jałgo
Accusative jałg
Genitive jałkodzię
Dative jałkoję jełcę
Locative jałgoso jełdzacho
Ablative jałgosto jełdzasto
Instrumental jałgoło jełdzało
Vocative jałgoso jałgo

Type 1C

Nominals ending in -a.

Singular Plural
Nominative -a -a
Accusative Inanimate
Animate
Genitive -adzię
Dative -aję -aję
Locative -aso -ajcho
Ablative -asto -ajsto
Instrumental -ało -ajło
Vocative -aso -a

Examples:

jała "elm"
Singular Plural
Nominative jała jała
Accusative
Genitive jałę jaładzię
Dative jałaję jałaję
Locative jałaso jałajszo
Ablative jałasto jałajsto
Instrumental jałało jałajło
Vocative jałaso jała

This group is caused by loss of fricatives -b-, -d-, and -g-, between two adjacent vowels. It can also used for loans in -a usually from Polish, for example Karolina "Karolina, a female given name", dat. Karolinaję "to Karolina".