Vingdagese/Lexicon

Table of contents
’	Ḅ	C/Q	Ḍ	Dh	G̣	J/G	M	Mm	N	Nn	Ng	Nng	P	R	T	V

Alphabetizing

Words are alphabetized according to their romanization. That means the consonants use the above order in the table of contents, and vowels use the following order: a, e, á, ą, ay, i, ư, é, į, ya, o, ơ, ú, ǫ, and oy. If a word is of the CCV shape, it will follow entries with a CV shape. And then, if necessary, finals are used in the same order as they appear in the above table of contents.

Words beginning with a glottal stop are not often written with the apostrophe, however they will be below for consistency with the heading which needed a symbol for proper sorting. In addition, it is generally redundant to list it, as there are no words that begin with just a vowel.

Parts of Speech

Each word is classified as to its part of speech. Nouns are marked with an n, verbs with a v, pronouns with pn, adjectives with adj, numerals with num, etc. Further, nouns are also all marked as to what noun class they belong to. Sometimes, a noun can belong to multiple noun classes depending upon its usage or intended meaning; when that is the case, the definition of each meaning is listed after the class to which that particular usage belongs.

Noun classifications are listed after the part of speech with the following abbreviations:

• Human; hmn
• Animate; anim
• Tall/Long; tall
• Round; rnd
• Flat; flat
• Amorphous; amor
• Abstract; abs

Lexicon

’

---

— ’á /Ɂaː/

1. prep · in, into, at, for, toward

— ’áng /Ɂaːŋ/

1. v · to be likely to, to be expected to
2. n abs · probability

; — ’ay /Ɂaɪ̯/

1. num · two, second, twice

— ’ayng /Ɂaɪ̯ŋ/

1. n; tall · fishhook, lure
2. n; anim · fly, small bug

— ’ém /Ɂeːm/

1. v · to see, to watch, to look at
2. n; abs · sight, vision

— ’ơc /Ɂɔɡ/

1. n; rnd · eye, eyeball

Ḅ

---

; — ḅegh /ɓɛɣ/

1. num ₈ · ten, tenth, ten times
2. num ₁₀ · 8

— ḅya /ɓɪə̯/

1. v · to cut, to slice (esp. meat)

; — ḅơ /ɓɔ/

1. num · four, fourth, four times

C

---

— cem /kɛm/

1. n; tall · boat, canoe

— cá /kaː/

1. n; anim · night, darkness
2. n; abs · fear

— cáng /kaːŋ/

1. n; amor · part, portion, section
2. n; flat · chapter, verse

— ci /ki/

1. n; amor · word, (written) character

— qodh /qoð/

1. pro · we few; 1.pl/pcl.excl

— qon /qon/

1. v · to know how to (do s.t.), to be able (to), can/could
2. n; abs · ability

; — qơ /qɔ/

1. num · seven, seventh, seven times

— qú /quː/

1. v · to be in front of; go forward

; — cren /kɾɛn/

1. num ₈ · hundred, hundredth, one hundred times
2. num ₁₀ · 64

— créc /kɾeːk/

1. v · to grow, to enlarge, to swell

— crip /kɾib/

1. v · to write, to sign (one's name)

— cwa /kwa/

1. adj · fast, with haste
2. v · to move quickly

— cwyav /kwɪə̯v/

1. v · to make one's home; to be calm

— cway /kwaɪ̯/

1. part · sentence final interrogative; q

— cwơ /kwɔ/

1. n; abs · country, territory
2. n; flat · land(mass)

— cwơc /kwɔɡ/

1. pro · I, me, myself; 1.sg

; — cwơc-ay /kwɔɡ.aɪ̯/

1. pro · we two; 1.dl.excl

Ḍ

---

— ḍác /ɗaːɡ/

1. n; hmn · person, citizen

— ḍéng /ɗeːŋ/

1. n; anim · wind, breath
2. v · to blow, to be windy, to breathe
3. adj · windy, breathing

— ḍyang /ɗɪə̯ŋ/

1. n; flt · world, Earth, "realm"
2. n; amor · dirt, soil

— ḍodh /ɗoð/

1. n; tall · rake, hoe

— ḍơt /ɗɔd/

1. v · to drink, to slurp

— ḍú /ɗuː/

1. pro · you (two), you (few); 2.du, 2.pau

— ḍúgh /ɗuːɣ/

1. part · no, not, neg

— ḍúv /ɗuːv/

1. n; flat · axe, hatchet

— ḍoy /ɗɔɪ̯/

1. v · to agree (to)
2. n; abs · agreement, consent

— ḍoy /ɗɔɪ̯/

1. v · to offer, to allow

Dh

---

— dhav /ðav/

1. v · to be beautiful
2. n; abs · beauty
3. adj · beautiful

; — dháng /ðaːŋ/

1. num · three, third, thrice

— dhi /ði/

1. pro · you all; 2.pl

— dhưn /ðɪn/

1. pro · they.sg; 3.sg; no gender is implied and can be used for people as well as objects

— dhregh /ðɾɛɣ/

1. pro · they.pl; this includes paucal and dual numbers

— dhrá /ðɾaː/

1. n; flat · leaf

G̣

---

; — ġưc /ɠɪɡ/

1. num ₈ · ten thousand, ten thousandth, ten thousand times
2. num ₁₀ · 4,096

— ġo /ɠo/

1. n; anim · turtle, tortoise

— ġwúm /ɠwuːm/

1. n; rnd · stone, rock
2. n; flt · coin

J

---

— jav /ʝav/

1. n; tall · river, stream, waterway

— jep /ʝɛb/

1. n; rnd · shrub, bush, small tree

— jayc /ʝaɪ̯ɡ/

1. v · to do well
2. adj · good, well

— ji /ʝi/

1. adj · many, numerous

— jén /ʝeːn/

1. n; rnd · debris, stuff, junk

— gri /ɡri/

1. v · to die
2. n; flat · corpse, dead body

— grigh /ɡriɣ/

1. v · to be fated to; to have bad luck befall (s.o.)
2. n; abs · ill omen; bad luck

— grưv /ɡrɪv/

1. v · to sputter; to fade away
2. v · to snuff out (as in a candle)

— gwi /ɡwi/

1. n; anim · dove, pigeon, small bird

— gwing /ɡwiŋ/

1. v · to be lucky, to have a good feeling
2. n; abs · luck, good fortune
3. adj · lucky, cool
4. n; abs · light

— gwún /ɡwuːn/

1. v · to sleep, to be asleep
2. n; abs · rest, sleep

M

---

; — mơt /mɔd/

1. num · one, first, once

— moyc /mɔɪ̯ɡ/

Mm

---

— mmáng /mːaːŋ/

1. n amor · tar
2. adj · slow, with a slow pace
3. v · to move slowly; to make slow

; — mmit /mːid/

1. num ₈ · one thousand, one thousandth, one thousand times
2. num ₁₀ · 512

— mmưng /mːɪŋ/

1. pron · you few and me; 1.pcl.incl

N

---

— na /na/

1. conj · and

— ni /ni/

1. conj · or, neither/nor

Nn

---

; — nnem /nːɛm/

1. num · six, sixth, six times

— nnay /nːaɪ̯/

1. n; tall · cage, jail
2. n; rnd · trap

Ng

---

— ngưq /ŋɪq/

1. adj · whole, unbroken
2. n; abs · atom, particle

— ngév /ŋeːv/

1. v · to overturn, to capsize
2. v · to fall, to trip

— ngoy /ŋɔɪ̯/

1. v · to give something (esp. a trinket) to someone

— ngwưm /ŋwɪm/

1. v · to cut/tear into small pieces
2. n; rnd · small parts of something

Nng

---

— nngom /ŋːom/

1. n; tall · tree

— nngoy /ŋːɔɪ̯/

1. n; anim · fire, flame, heat

P

---

— pac /paɡ/

1. v · to walk along (something)

— po /po/

1. n; rnd · glass (esp. a bead)

— pǫ /põ/

1. adj · fat, chubby, round
2. n; anim · a fat person
3. v · to be fat, to be full (of food)

— poyng /pɔɪ̯ŋ/

1. n; tall · digit, finger, toe
2. n; abs · number(s)

— prą /pɾã/

1. n; hmn · son, young boy

; — praq /pɾaq/

1. num ₈ · one million, one millionth, one million times
2. num ₁₀ · 262,144

— pwơ /pwɔ/

1. n; anim · dog, hound, wolf

R

---

— regh /rɛɣ/

1. pro · 2.sg

— rą /rã/

1. n; tall · fork, bi- or trident

; — ring /riŋ/

1. num · zero, zeroth, zero times, none

— ré /reː/

1. conj · if, as, whether

— rét /reːd/

1. v · to divide up, to apportion
2. v · to share (evenly)

— rya /rɪə̯/

1. n; hmn · human, person
2. n; anim · (sentient) being

— rơ /rɔ/

1. n; anim · twins (esp. fraternal), "blood brothers"

T

---

— taym /taɪ̯m/

1. adv · now, right this moment

— tin /tin/

1. n; flat · book, page(s)

— tǫ /tõ/

1. v · to speak
2. n; abs · speech, language

— tre /tɾə/

1. part · poss; used to mark a possessed object

— treng /tɾɛŋ/

1. v · to own, to possess; used to indicate possession when it violates the animacy heirarchy

— trit /tɾid/

1. v · to continue, to go forward

— trúdh /tɾuːð/

1. n; amor · honey, sweetness
2. v · to be sweet
3. adj · sweet

; — twé /tweː/

1. num ₈ · one hundred thousand, one hundred thousandth, one hundred thousand times
2. num ₁₀ · 32,768

— twon /twon/

1. pro · you and me; 1.dl.incl

V

---

— ving /viŋ/

1. n; hmn · the Ving people

— viv /viv/

1. v · to fold, to bow

— vé /veː/

1. v · to be certain, to be secure
2. n; abs · certainty
3. adj · certain, sure, positive

— véc /veːɡ/

1. v · to flow, to meander

— vép /veːb/

1. n; rnd · lake, pond, pool

— vơ /vɔ/

1. pro · you all and me; 1.pl.incl

— vú /vuː/

1. num · five, fifth, five times

— vryang /vɾɪə̯ŋ/

1. v · to please, to ask (politely)
2. n; abs · pleasure
3. adj · pleased

— vwơ /vwɔ/

1. prep · along(side), by, with