Liwadi: Phonology: Difference between revisions
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! Arabic | ! Arabic | ||
| ی | | ی | ||
| و | | و | ||
| ن | | ن | ||
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* | *The letters are ordered in an arrangement wherein letters are partially grouped together by similarity of shape. | ||
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*<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup> <ظ> /d/ is taken from the Shughni alphabet [https://www.omniglot.com//writing/shughni.htm]. | *<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup> <ظ> /d/ is taken from the Shughni alphabet [https://www.omniglot.com//writing/shughni.htm]. | ||
*<sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup> <ص> /s/ and <ض> /z/ are taken from the Belarusian alphabet [https://www.omniglot.com/writing/belarusian.htm]. | *<sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup> <ص> /s/ and <ض> /z/ are taken from the Belarusian alphabet [https://www.omniglot.com/writing/belarusian.htm]. | ||
*<sup>{{Color|red|4}}</sup> | *<sup>{{Color|red|4}}</sup> <گ> /ŋ/ is taken from the Khorasanic Turkic <نگ> /ŋ/ [https://www.omniglot.com/writing/khorasaniturkic.htm]. | ||
*<sup>{{Color|red|5}}</sup> The [[Wikipedia:Urdu alphabet|Urdu]] Kāf /k/. | *<sup>{{Color|red|5}}</sup> The [[Wikipedia:Urdu alphabet|Urdu]] Kāf /k/. | ||
*<sup>{{Color|red|6}}</sup> The [[Wikipedia:Jawi alphabet|Malay]] Ga /g/. | *<sup>{{Color|red|6}}</sup> The [[Wikipedia:Jawi alphabet|Malay]] Ga /g/. | ||
Revision as of 03:40, 29 July 2021
Table of Phonemes
| IPA | /j/ | /w/ | /n/ | /m/ | /l/ | /ʔ/ | /t/ | /d/ | /s/ | /z/ | /ɾ/ | /h/ | /p/ | /b/ | /k/ | /g/ | /ŋ/ | /ä/ | /e/ | /ɛ/ | /i/ | /ɪ/ | /o/ | /u/ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Latin | Y y | W w | N n | M m | L l | ʻ | T t | D d | S s | Z z | R r | H h | P p | B b | G g | K k | Ń ń | A a | E e | ë | I i | ï | O o | U u |
| Arabic | ی | و | ن | م | ل | ع | ط | ظ | ص | ض | ر | ح | ٮ | ﺏ | ک | ݢ | گ | ا | ه | ۃ | ى۬ | ي | وْ | وٚ |
| Name | Ya | Wa | Nun | Mim | Lam | ʻan | Ta | Da | Sa | Za | Ra | Ha | Pa | Ba | Ka | Ga | Ńa | A | E | Ë | I | Ï | O | U |
- The letters are ordered in an arrangement wherein letters are partially grouped together by similarity of shape.
Phonology
Consonant Chart
| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasals | voiceless | |||||
| voiced | m /m/ م | n /n/ ن | ń /ŋ/ گ 4 | |||
| Stops | voiceless | p /p/ ٮ 1 | t /t/ ط | k /k/ ک 5 | ʻ /ʔ/ ع | |
| voiced | b /b/ ﺏ | d /d/ ظ 2 | g /g/ ݢ 6 | |||
| Fricatives | voiceless | s /s/ ص 3 | h /h/ ح 7 | |||
| voiced | z /z/ ض | |||||
| Sonorants | voiceless | |||||
| voiced | w /w/ و | l /l/ ل | r /ɾ/ ر | y /j/ ی |
Notes:
- 1 Dotless Beh <ٮ> is assigned the value /p/.
- 2 <ظ> /d/ is taken from the Shughni alphabet [1].
- 3 <ص> /s/ and <ض> /z/ are taken from the Belarusian alphabet [2].
- 4 <گ> /ŋ/ is taken from the Khorasanic Turkic <نگ> /ŋ/ [3].
- 5 The Urdu Kāf /k/.
- 6 The Malay Ga /g/.
- 7 <ح> /h/ is taken from the Indus Kohistani alphabet [4].
Vowel Chart
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i /i/ ى۬ | u /u/ وٚ | |
| Near-close | ï /ɪ/ ي | ||
| Close-mid | e /e/ ه | o /o/ وْ | |
| Open-mid | ë /ɛ/ ۃ | ||
| Open | a /ä/ ا |
Alphabet - Yawan ىٙوٙن
- The Liwadi alphabet (yawan ىٙوٙن) has 24 graphemes (oń وْگ) which represent 24 sounds (nihoń نی۬حوْگ).
- As the Liwadis had no writing when discovered by the space travelers, a written alphabet was created by the anthropologists who were on the voyage. As they were Egyptian, they used the Arabic alphabet. I have transliterated them into the Latin alphabet for this study.
- The consonants are y, w, n, m, l, ʻ, t, d, s, z, r, h, p, b, k, g and ń.
- When the stop consonants (t, d, p, b, k, g) precede a consonant, they are lenited to the corresponding fricative. These are indicated by writing the letter with a dot over or under (ṭ, ḍ, ṗ, ḅ, ḳ, ġ).
- The vowel inventory consists of a, e, ë, i, ï, o, and u.
