Proto-Hispanic: Difference between revisions

From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 243: Line 243:
|}
|}


==Verb morphology==
==Pronoun==


===Personal particles===
===Personal===


{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!colspan="2" rowspan="2"|  
!rowspan="2"|  
!rowspan="2"|  
!colspan="2"| Singular
!colspan="2"| Singular
!colspan="2"| Plural
!colspan="2"| Plural
Line 257: Line 258:
!rowspan="2"| 1st person
!rowspan="2"| 1st person
! Exclusive
! Exclusive
| *n-
| *ni ~ *mi
| *da
| *dsi ~ *zo / *gu
| *gu
| *ʃi
| *gu
| *ʃi
|-
|-
! Inclusive
! Inclusive
| -
| -
| -
| -
| *ɬu
| *ɬa ~ *ɬi ~ *ɬe
| *ɬu
| *ɬa ~ *ɬi ~ *ɬe
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"| 2nd person
!rowspan="2"| 2nd person
! Masculine
! Masculine
| *h-
| *χu ~ *bo
| *xa
| *χu ~ *du
| *zu  
| *zu
| *zu
| *zu
|-
|-
! Feminine
! Feminine
| *b-
| *nǝ ~ *mǝ
| *na
| *nǝ ~ *mǝ
| *su
| *su ~ *se ~ *so
| *su
| *su ~ *se ~ *so
|-
|-
|}
|}


===Thrid person particles===
===Demonstrative===


{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
Line 292: Line 293:
|-
|-
! Indeterminate
! Indeterminate
| *ʃ-
| *gǝ
| *ga
| *tʰʃɨ
|-
|-
! Proximal
! Proximal
| *d-
| *ɦa
| *ɦa
| *dǝ
|-
|-
! Medial-proximal
! Medial-proximal
| *p-
| *ɦi
| *ɦi
| *bǝ ~ *pǝ
|-
|-
! Medial
! Medial
| *tʰ-
| *ɦe
| *ɦe
| *tʰǝ
|-
|-
! Medial-distal
! Medial-distal
| *ɫ-
| *ɦo
| *ɦo
| *ɫǝ
|-
|-
! Distal
! Distal
| *ʃ-
| *ɦu
| *ɦu
| *zǝ
|-
|-
|}
|}


==Pronoun==
===Interrogative===
 
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|  
! Original
! Interrogative
|-
!colspan="2"| Inanimate (What)
| *za
| *za-ɦi
|-
!rowspan="2"| Animate
! Non-human (Which)
| *kʰɨ
| *kʰɨ-ɦi
|-
! Human (Who)
| *nǝ
| *nǝ-ɦi
|-
|}
 
==Noun morphology==
 
===Declension===
 
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="1"|  
! Singular
! Plural
! Indefinite
|-
! Absolutive/Nominative
| *-
| *-
| *-
|-
! Ergative
| *-kǝ
| *-
| *-
|-
! Dative
| *-ɦi
| *-
| *-
|-
|}
 
==Verb morphology==


===Personal===
===Personal particles===


{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|  
!colspan="2" rowspan="2"|  
!rowspan="2"|  
!colspan="2"| Singular
!colspan="2"| Singular
!colspan="2"| Plural
!colspan="2"| Plural
Line 332: Line 383:
!rowspan="2"| 1st person
!rowspan="2"| 1st person
! Exclusive
! Exclusive
| *ni ~ *mi
| *n-
| *dsi ~ *zo / *gu
| *da
| *ʃi
| *gu
| *ʃi
| *gu
|-
|-
! Inclusive
! Inclusive
| -
| -
| -
| -
| *ɬa ~ *ɬi ~ *ɬe
| *ɬu
| *ɬa ~ *ɬi ~ *ɬe
| *ɬu
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"| 2nd person
!rowspan="2"| 2nd person
! Masculine
! Masculine
| *χu ~ *bo
| *h-
| *χu ~ *du
| *xa
| *zu
| *zu  
| *zu
| *zu
|-
|-
! Feminine
! Feminine
| *nǝ ~ *mǝ
| *b-
| *nǝ ~ *mǝ
| *na
| *su ~ *se ~ *so
| *su
| *su ~ *se ~ *so
| *su
|-
|-
|}
|}


===Demonstrative===
===Thrid person particles===


{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
Line 367: Line 418:
|-
|-
! Indeterminate
! Indeterminate
| *gǝ
| *ʃ-
| *tʰʃɨ
| *ga
|-
|-
! Proximal
! Proximal
| *d-
| *ɦa
| *ɦa
| *dǝ
|-
|-
! Medial-proximal
! Medial-proximal
| *p-
| *ɦi
| *ɦi
| *bǝ ~ *pǝ
|-
|-
! Medial
! Medial
| *tʰ-
| *ɦe
| *ɦe
| *tʰǝ
|-
|-
! Medial-distal
! Medial-distal
| *ɫ-
| *ɦo
| *ɦo
| *ɫǝ
|-
|-
! Distal
! Distal
| *ʃ-
| *ɦu
| *ɦu
| *zǝ
|-
|}
===Interrogative===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|  
! Original
! Interrogative
|-
!colspan="2"| Inanimate (What)
| *za
| *za-ɦi
|-
!rowspan="2"| Animate
! Non-human (Which)
| *kʰɨ
| *kʰɨ-ɦi
|-
! Human (Who)
| *nǝ
| *nǝ-ɦi
|-
|-
|}
|}

Revision as of 12:20, 26 July 2020

Proto-Hispanic is the reconstructed common ancestor of the fictional group of Hispanic languages. Not yet estimated when it was spoken, and maybe it's asociated to Cardium pottery in Iberian peninsula. It is based on Basque and the Northern Caucasian languages.

Phonology

Consonants

  Labial Laminodental Apicoalveolar Postalveolar Velar Glottal
Nasal *m *n *ŋ
Stop Aspirated *pʰ *tʰ *kʰ *h
Voiceless *p *t *k
Voiced *b *d *g
Affricate Aspirated *tʰz *tʰs *tʰʃ
Voiceless *tz *ts *tʃ
Voiced *dz *ds *dʃ
Fricative *z *s *ʃ *x *ɦ
Lateral Fricative *ɬ
Aproximant *l *ɫ
Rhotic Aproximant *ɹ
Trill *r
Tap *ɾ

Consonant gradation

  Lenis Fortis Lenis/Fortis
Nasal *ŋ *n *m
Labial Stop *b *p *pʰ
Dentoalveolar Stop *d *t *tʰ
Velar Stop *g *k *kʰ
Laminodental Affricate *dz *tz *tʰz
Apicoalveolar Affricate *ds *ts *tʰs
Postalveolar Affricate *dʃ *tʃ *tʰʃ
Sibilant Fricative *z *s *ʃ
Laringal *ɦ *h *x
Lateral *l *ɫ *ɬ
Rhotic *ɾ *r *ɹ

Vowels

  Front Central Back
High *i *ɨ *u
Mid *e *ə *o
Low *a

Ablaut patterns

  I II III
Type 1 *a *e *i
Type 2 *a *ə *ɨ
Type 3 *a *o *u

Pronoun

Personal

    Singular Plural
Subject Object Subject Object
1st person Exclusive *ni ~ *mi *dsi ~ *zo / *gu *ʃi *ʃi
Inclusive - - *ɬa ~ *ɬi ~ *ɬe *ɬa ~ *ɬi ~ *ɬe
2nd person Masculine *χu ~ *bo *χu ~ *du *zu *zu
Feminine *nǝ ~ *mǝ *nǝ ~ *mǝ *su ~ *se ~ *so *su ~ *se ~ *so

Demonstrative

  Subject Object
Indeterminate *gǝ *tʰʃɨ
Proximal *ɦa *dǝ
Medial-proximal *ɦi *bǝ ~ *pǝ
Medial *ɦe *tʰǝ
Medial-distal *ɦo *ɫǝ
Distal *ɦu *zǝ

Interrogative

  Original Interrogative
Inanimate (What) *za *za-ɦi
Animate Non-human (Which) *kʰɨ *kʰɨ-ɦi
Human (Who) *nǝ *nǝ-ɦi

Noun morphology

Declension

  Singular Plural Indefinite
Absolutive/Nominative *- *- *-
Ergative *-kǝ *- *-
Dative *-ɦi *- *-

Verb morphology

Personal particles

  Singular Plural
Subject Object Subject Object
1st person Exclusive *n- *da *gu *gu
Inclusive - - *ɬu *ɬu
2nd person Masculine *h- *xa *zu *zu
Feminine *b- *na *su *su

Thrid person particles

  Subject Object
Indeterminate *ʃ- *ga
Proximal *d- *ɦa
Medial-proximal *p- *ɦi
Medial *tʰ- *ɦe
Medial-distal *ɫ- *ɦo
Distal *ʃ- *ɦu

Sound correspondences with real languages

Consonants

Proto-Hispanic Iberian Basque
*ŋ ? n-/-0-/-n
*n ? n
*m ? m/n
*b ? b
*p ? p/b-
*pʰ ? p
*d ? d/t-
*t ? t
*tʰ ? t
*g ? g
*k ? k
*kʰ ? h/0
*dz ? z
*tz ? z-/sU-/-tz-/-tsU-
*tʰz ? z-/sU-/-tz-/-tsU-
*ds ? z
*ts ? tx-/tsU-/-tz-/-tsU-
*tʰs ? z/sU
*dʃ ? z
*tʃ ? tx-/tsU-/-tz-/-tsU-
*tʰʃ ? z-/sU-/-tz-/-tsU-
*z ? z
*s ? z
*ʃ ? s
*ɦ ? ɦ/h/0
*h ? h/0
*x ? g/h/0
*l ? l-/-ɾ-/-l
*ɫ ? l
*ɬ ? l-/-lh-/-rC-/-l
*ɾ ? ɾ
*r ? r
*ɹ ? ɾ/r?

Vowels

Proto-Hispanic Iberian Basque
*i ? i?
*ɨ ? i/u?
*u ? u?
*e ? e?
*ə ? e/o?
*o ? o?
*a ? a?

Thematic lexicon

Personal relations

Proto-Hispanic English meaning Spanish meaning Basque cognate Notes
*ɦa-ma mother madre ? -
*da-da-ɦi father padre ? -
*i=tʰsi/*e=tʰsi sister hermana ? -
*u=tʰsi/*o=tʰsi brother hermano ? -

Day's cycle

Proto-Hispanic English meaning Spanish meaning Basque cognate Notes
*zeu̯ŋǝ / *ɦǝtʰsa / *tʰsaɦǝ yesterday ayer atzo, átzo -

Flora

Proto-Hispanic English meaning Spanish meaning Basque cognate Notes
*ɦˈaɬtǝ-lǝ brach, pod rama, vaina adar, ádar -
*ɦˈakʰǝ-ŋǝ brach, pod tronco, rama, haz aihen, aien, axen -


Adjectives

Proto-Hispanic English meaning Spanish meaning Basque cognate Notes
*ɦaɫǝ-ɦǝ weak, slow débil, lento ahul, aul, abol, áhül, aultu -

Verbs

Proto-Hispanic English meaning Spanish meaning Basque cognate Notes
*e-(a)tʰzei̯-n catch, gather, take atrapar, coger, llevar, tomar, recoger, reunir atzitu, atzipe, atzipatu, atsipatu -
Retrieved from "http://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Proto-Hispanic&oldid=135165"