Proto-Hispanic: Difference between revisions
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Proto-Hispanic is the reconstructed common ancestor of the fictional group of Hispanic languages. Not yet estimated when it was spoken, and it's asociated to Cardium pottery in Iberian peninsula. It is based on Basque and the Northern Caucasian languages. | Proto-Hispanic is the reconstructed common ancestor of the fictional group of Hispanic languages. Not yet estimated when it was spoken, and maybe it's asociated to Cardium pottery in Iberian peninsula. It is based on Basque and the Northern Caucasian languages. | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
Line 124: | Line 124: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Consonant gradation==== | |||
{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" | ||
Line 215: | Line 217: | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Ablaut patterns== | ====Ablaut patterns==== | ||
{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" | ||
Line 247: | Line 249: | ||
{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !colspan="2" rowspan="2"| | ||
!colspan="2"| Singular | !colspan="2"| Singular | ||
!colspan="2"| Plural | !colspan="2"| Plural | ||
Line 256: | Line 257: | ||
!rowspan="2"| 1st person | !rowspan="2"| 1st person | ||
! Exclusive | ! Exclusive | ||
| * | | *n- | ||
| *da | | *da | ||
| *gu | | *gu | ||
Line 269: | Line 270: | ||
!rowspan="2"| 2nd person | !rowspan="2"| 2nd person | ||
! Masculine | ! Masculine | ||
| * | | *h- | ||
| * | | *xa | ||
| *zu | | *zu | ||
| *zu | | *zu | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Feminine | ! Feminine | ||
| * | | *b- | ||
| *na | | *na | ||
| *su | | *su | ||
| *su | | *su | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 291: | Line 292: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Indeterminate | ! Indeterminate | ||
| * | | *ʃ- | ||
| *ga | | *ga | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Proximal | ! Proximal | ||
| * | | *d- | ||
| *ɦa | | *ɦa | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Medial-proximal | ! Medial-proximal | ||
| * | | *p- | ||
| *ɦi | | *ɦi | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Medial | ! Medial | ||
| * | | *tʰ- | ||
| *ɦe | | *ɦe | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Medial-distal | ! Medial-distal | ||
| * | | *l- | ||
| *ɦo | | *ɦo | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Distal | ! Distal | ||
| * | | *ʃ- | ||
| *ɦu | | *ɦu | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 411: | Line 412: | ||
| *nǝ | | *nǝ | ||
| *nǝ-ɦi | | *nǝ-ɦi | ||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==Sound correspondences with real languages== | |||
===Consonants=== | |||
{|class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Proto-Hispanic | |||
! Iberian | |||
! Basque | |||
|- | |||
| *ŋ | |||
| ? | |||
| n-/-0-/-n | |||
|- | |||
| *n | |||
| ? | |||
| n | |||
|- | |||
| *m | |||
| ? | |||
| m/n | |||
|- | |||
| *b | |||
| ? | |||
| b | |||
|- | |||
| *p | |||
| ? | |||
| p/b- | |||
|- | |||
| *pʰ | |||
| ? | |||
| p | |||
|- | |||
| *d | |||
| ? | |||
| d/t- | |||
|- | |||
| *t | |||
| ? | |||
| t | |||
|- | |||
| *tʰ | |||
| ? | |||
| t | |||
|- | |||
| *g | |||
| ? | |||
| g | |||
|- | |||
| *k | |||
| ? | |||
| k | |||
|- | |||
| *kʰ | |||
| ? | |||
| h/0 | |||
|- | |||
| *dz | |||
| ? | |||
| z | |||
|- | |||
| *tz | |||
| ? | |||
| z-/sU-/-tz-/-tsU- | |||
|- | |||
| *tʰz | |||
| ? | |||
| z-/sU-/-tz-/-tsU- | |||
|- | |||
| *ds | |||
| ? | |||
| z | |||
|- | |||
| *ts | |||
| ? | |||
| tx-/tsU-/-tz-/-tsU- | |||
|- | |||
| *tʰs | |||
| ? | |||
| z/sU | |||
|- | |||
| *dʃ | |||
| ? | |||
| z | |||
|- | |||
| *tʃ | |||
| ? | |||
| tx-/tsU-/-tz-/-tsU- | |||
|- | |||
| *tʰʃ | |||
| ? | |||
| z-/sU-/-tz-/-tsU- | |||
|- | |||
| *z | |||
| ? | |||
| z | |||
|- | |||
| *s | |||
| ? | |||
| z | |||
|- | |||
| *ʃ | |||
| ? | |||
| s | |||
|- | |||
| *ɦ | |||
| ? | |||
| ɦ/h/0 | |||
|- | |||
| *h | |||
| ? | |||
| h/0 | |||
|- | |||
| *x | |||
| ? | |||
| g/h/0 | |||
|- | |||
| *l | |||
| ? | |||
| l-/-ɾ-/-l | |||
|- | |||
| *ɫ | |||
| ? | |||
| l | |||
|- | |||
| *ɬ | |||
| ? | |||
| l-/-lh-/-rC-/-l | |||
|- | |||
| *ɾ | |||
| ? | |||
| ɾ | |||
|- | |||
| *r | |||
| ? | |||
| r | |||
|- | |||
| *ɹ | |||
| ? | |||
| ɾ/r? | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
===Vowels=== | |||
{|class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Proto-Hispanic | |||
! Iberian | |||
! Basque | |||
|- | |||
| *i | |||
| ? | |||
| i? | |||
|- | |||
| *ɨ | |||
| ? | |||
| i/u? | |||
|- | |||
| *u | |||
| ? | |||
| u? | |||
|- | |||
| *e | |||
| ? | |||
| e? | |||
|- | |||
| *ə | |||
| ? | |||
| e/o? | |||
|- | |||
| *o | |||
| ? | |||
| o? | |||
|- | |||
| *a | |||
| ? | |||
| a? | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==Thematic lexicon== | |||
===Personal relations=== | |||
{|class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Proto-Hispanic | |||
! English meaning | |||
! Spanish meaning | |||
! Basque cognate | |||
! Notes | |||
|- | |||
| *ɦa-ma || mother || madre || ama || - | |||
|- | |||
| *da-da-ɦi || father || padre || aita || - | |||
|- | |||
| *i=tʰsi/*e=tʰsi || sister || hermana || an-hi=z-pa || - | |||
|- | |||
| *u=tʰsi/*o=tʰsi || brother || hermano || ? || - | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} |
Revision as of 08:26, 26 July 2020
Proto-Hispanic is the reconstructed common ancestor of the fictional group of Hispanic languages. Not yet estimated when it was spoken, and maybe it's asociated to Cardium pottery in Iberian peninsula. It is based on Basque and the Northern Caucasian languages.
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Laminodental | Apicoalveolar | Postalveolar | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | *m | *n | *ŋ | ||||
Stop | Aspirated | *pʰ | *tʰ | *kʰ | *h | ||
Voiceless | *p | *t | *k | ||||
Voiced | *b | *d | *g | ||||
Affricate | Aspirated | *tʰz | *tʰs | *tʰʃ | |||
Voiceless | *tz | *ts | *tʃ | ||||
Voiced | *dz | *ds | *dʃ | ||||
Fricative | *z | *s | *ʃ | *x | *ɦ | ||
Lateral | Fricative | *ɬ | |||||
Aproximant | *l | *ɫ | |||||
Rhotic | Aproximant | *ɹ | |||||
Trill | *r | ||||||
Tap | *ɾ |
Consonant gradation
Lenis | Fortis | Lenis/Fortis | |
---|---|---|---|
Nasal | *ŋ | *n | *m |
Labial Stop | *b | *p | *pʰ |
Dentoalveolar Stop | *d | *t | *tʰ |
Velar Stop | *g | *k | *kʰ |
Laminodental Affricate | *dz | *tz | *tʰz |
Apicoalveolar Affricate | *ds | *ts | *tʰs |
Postalveolar Affricate | *dʃ | *tʃ | *tʰʃ |
Sibilant Fricative | *z | *s | *ʃ |
Laringal | *ɦ | *h | *x |
Lateral | *l | *ɫ | *ɬ |
Rhotic | *ɾ | *r | *ɹ |
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | *i | *ɨ | *u |
Mid | *e | *ə | *o |
Low | *a |
Ablaut patterns
I | II | III | |
---|---|---|---|
Type 1 | *a | *e | *i |
Type 2 | *a | *ə | *ɨ |
Type 3 | *a | *o | *u |
Verb morphology
Personal particles
Singular | Plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subject | Object | Subject | Object | ||
1st person | Exclusive | *n- | *da | *gu | *gu |
Inclusive | - | - | *ɬu | *ɬu | |
2nd person | Masculine | *h- | *xa | *zu | *zu |
Feminine | *b- | *na | *su | *su |
Thrid person particles
Subject | Object | |
---|---|---|
Indeterminate | *ʃ- | *ga |
Proximal | *d- | *ɦa |
Medial-proximal | *p- | *ɦi |
Medial | *tʰ- | *ɦe |
Medial-distal | *l- | *ɦo |
Distal | *ʃ- | *ɦu |
Pronoun
Personal
Singular | Plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subject | Object | Subject | Object | ||
1st person | Exclusive | *ni ~ *mi | *dsi ~ *zo / *gu | *ʃi | *ʃi |
Inclusive | - | - | *ɬa ~ *ɬi ~ *ɬe | *ɬa ~ *ɬi ~ *ɬe | |
2nd person | Masculine | *χu ~ *bo | *χu ~ *du | *zu | *zu |
Feminine | *nǝ ~ *mǝ | *nǝ ~ *mǝ | *su ~ *se ~ *so | *su ~ *se ~ *so |
Demonstrative
Subject | Object | |
---|---|---|
Indeterminate | *gǝ | *tʰʃɨ |
Proximal | *ɦa | *dǝ |
Medial-proximal | *ɦi | *bǝ ~ *pǝ |
Medial | *ɦe | *tʰǝ |
Medial-distal | *ɦo | *lǝ |
Distal | *ɦu | *zǝ |
Interrogative
Original | Interrogative | ||
---|---|---|---|
Inanimate (What) | *za | *za-ɦi | |
Animate | Non-human (Which) | *kʰɨ | *kʰɨ-ɦi |
Human (Who) | *nǝ | *nǝ-ɦi |
Sound correspondences with real languages
Consonants
Proto-Hispanic | Iberian | Basque |
---|---|---|
*ŋ | ? | n-/-0-/-n |
*n | ? | n |
*m | ? | m/n |
*b | ? | b |
*p | ? | p/b- |
*pʰ | ? | p |
*d | ? | d/t- |
*t | ? | t |
*tʰ | ? | t |
*g | ? | g |
*k | ? | k |
*kʰ | ? | h/0 |
*dz | ? | z |
*tz | ? | z-/sU-/-tz-/-tsU- |
*tʰz | ? | z-/sU-/-tz-/-tsU- |
*ds | ? | z |
*ts | ? | tx-/tsU-/-tz-/-tsU- |
*tʰs | ? | z/sU |
*dʃ | ? | z |
*tʃ | ? | tx-/tsU-/-tz-/-tsU- |
*tʰʃ | ? | z-/sU-/-tz-/-tsU- |
*z | ? | z |
*s | ? | z |
*ʃ | ? | s |
*ɦ | ? | ɦ/h/0 |
*h | ? | h/0 |
*x | ? | g/h/0 |
*l | ? | l-/-ɾ-/-l |
*ɫ | ? | l |
*ɬ | ? | l-/-lh-/-rC-/-l |
*ɾ | ? | ɾ |
*r | ? | r |
*ɹ | ? | ɾ/r? |
Vowels
Proto-Hispanic | Iberian | Basque |
---|---|---|
*i | ? | i? |
*ɨ | ? | i/u? |
*u | ? | u? |
*e | ? | e? |
*ə | ? | e/o? |
*o | ? | o? |
*a | ? | a? |
Thematic lexicon
Personal relations
Proto-Hispanic | English meaning | Spanish meaning | Basque cognate | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
*ɦa-ma | mother | madre | ama | - |
*da-da-ɦi | father | padre | aita | - |
*i=tʰsi/*e=tʰsi | sister | hermana | an-hi=z-pa | - |
*u=tʰsi/*o=tʰsi | brother | hermano | ? | - |