User:Bukkia/sandboxIII: Difference between revisions
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Modal particles are placed after the aspectual particles and before the evidential particles. | Modal particles are placed after the aspectual particles and before the evidential particles. | ||
vol: volitive, it conveys intention or will, going to, want | |||
des: octative, it conveys wish, want, wish, desire | |||
'''Pos''' conveys an idea of ability, capability, that the subject knows how to do something, both an innate or a learnt capability. | '''Pos''' conveys an idea of ability, capability, that the subject knows how to do something, both an innate or a learnt capability. | ||
* '''Tȳn nat lā pos''': ''He cannot write'' (for example, because the subject is too young, and still does not know how to write) | * '''Tȳn nat lā pos''': ''He cannot write'' (for example, because the subject is too young, and still does not know how to write) | ||
'''Kra''' conveys an idea of a momentaneous ability, something that the subject can do in this moment, not a forever real capability. | '''Kra''' conveys an idea of a momentaneous ability, something that the subject can do in this moment, not a forever real capability. | ||
* '''Tȳn nat lā kra sty''': ''He cannot write'' (for example, the subject is too excited to write, too cold or too frightened, a momentaneous condition, but he knows how to write) | * '''Tȳn nat lā kra sty''': ''He cannot write'' (for example, the subject is too excited to write, too cold or too frightened, a momentaneous condition, but he knows how to write) | ||
ro: potential, it conveys possibility, may, might | |||
nec: necessity, it conveys an idea of necessity, must, it is necessary that, it is needed that | |||
ōb: jussive, it conveys an idea of obligation and duty, have to, to be forced to | |||
vā: causative, it marks that the action is caused by someone on someone/thing else, let, make, get, have | |||
kōm: incohative, it marks a beginning action, to begin, to start | |||
fōr: hypothetical, it marks the uncertainty of the action or that the action is/was/will be hypothetical, maybe, if | |||
si: imperative, to give orders (usually not used with the negative prohibitive particle). | |||
====Use of evidential particles==== | ====Use of evidential particles==== | ||
Revision as of 17:42, 30 April 2020
The verb cluster
The verb cluster is placed at the end of the sentence. Its core is the verb itself, which conveys only the meaning of the action or the state and its intrinsic qualities, like transitivity, intransivity, etc.
The verbal cluster is usually considered as composed of these elements:
| Negation | - | Time | - | Verb | - | Aspect | - | Mode | - | Evidentiality |
The category of negation, time, aspect, mode, and evidentiality are expressed by grammatical particles. None of these particles are absolutely necessary, and none of this in mandatorily present, except for the verb itself.
Negation is usually considered part of the verbal cluster but it will be analysed separately, because of its different behaviour in the sentence.
Use of temporal particles
Use of aspectual particles
Use of modal particles
Modal particles express verbal modality, describing a quality about the action or the state expressed by the verb. English has only two modes (or moods) an rely on modal verbs to express the same meanings.
Modal particles are placed after the aspectual particles and before the evidential particles.
vol: volitive, it conveys intention or will, going to, want des: octative, it conveys wish, want, wish, desire
Pos conveys an idea of ability, capability, that the subject knows how to do something, both an innate or a learnt capability.
- Tȳn nat lā pos: He cannot write (for example, because the subject is too young, and still does not know how to write)
Kra conveys an idea of a momentaneous ability, something that the subject can do in this moment, not a forever real capability.
- Tȳn nat lā kra sty: He cannot write (for example, the subject is too excited to write, too cold or too frightened, a momentaneous condition, but he knows how to write)
ro: potential, it conveys possibility, may, might nec: necessity, it conveys an idea of necessity, must, it is necessary that, it is needed that ōb: jussive, it conveys an idea of obligation and duty, have to, to be forced to vā: causative, it marks that the action is caused by someone on someone/thing else, let, make, get, have kōm: incohative, it marks a beginning action, to begin, to start fōr: hypothetical, it marks the uncertainty of the action or that the action is/was/will be hypothetical, maybe, if si: imperative, to give orders (usually not used with the negative prohibitive particle).
