User:Bukkia/sandboxIII: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
|||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
|'''Negation''' ||-|| '''Time''' ||-|| {{color|red|'''Verb'''}} ||-|| '''Aspect''' ||-|| '''Mode''' ||-|| '''Evidentiality''' | |'''Negation''' ||-|| '''Time''' ||-|| {{color|red|'''Verb'''}} ||-|| '''Aspect''' ||-|| '''Mode''' ||-|| '''Evidentiality''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
The category of ''negation'', ''time'', ''aspect'', ''mode'', and ''evidentiality'' are expressed by grammatical particles. None of these particles are absolutely necessary, and none of this in mandatorily present, except for the verb itself. | |||
Negation is usually considered part of the verbal cluster but it will be analysed separately, because of its different behaviour in the sentence. | |||
====Use of temporal particles==== | |||
====Use of aspectual particles==== | |||
====Use of modal particles==== | ====Use of modal particles==== | ||
Modal particles express verbal modality, describing a quality about the action or the state expressed by the verb. English has only two modes (or moods) an rely on modal verbs to express the same meanings. | Modal particles express verbal modality, describing a quality about the action or the state expressed by the verb. English has only two modes (or moods) an rely on modal verbs to express the same meanings. | ||
| Line 16: | Line 22: | ||
'''Kra''' conveys an idea of a momentaneous ability, something that the subject can do in this moment, not a forever real capability. | '''Kra''' conveys an idea of a momentaneous ability, something that the subject can do in this moment, not a forever real capability. | ||
* '''Tȳn nat lā kra sty''': ''He cannot write'' (for example, the subject is too excited to write, too cold or too frightened, a momentaneous condition, but he knows how to write) | * '''Tȳn nat lā kra sty''': ''He cannot write'' (for example, the subject is too excited to write, too cold or too frightened, a momentaneous condition, but he knows how to write) | ||
====Use of evidential particles==== | |||
Revision as of 17:40, 30 April 2020
The verb cluster
The verb cluster is placed at the end of the sentence. Its core is the verb itself, which conveys only the meaning of the action or the state and its intrinsic qualities, like transitivity, intransivity, etc.
The verbal cluster is usually considered as composed of these elements:
| Negation | - | Time | - | Verb | - | Aspect | - | Mode | - | Evidentiality |
The category of negation, time, aspect, mode, and evidentiality are expressed by grammatical particles. None of these particles are absolutely necessary, and none of this in mandatorily present, except for the verb itself.
Negation is usually considered part of the verbal cluster but it will be analysed separately, because of its different behaviour in the sentence.
Use of temporal particles
Use of aspectual particles
Use of modal particles
Modal particles express verbal modality, describing a quality about the action or the state expressed by the verb. English has only two modes (or moods) an rely on modal verbs to express the same meanings.
Modal particles are placed after the aspectual particles and before the evidential particles.
Pos conveys an idea of ability, capability, that the subject knows how to do something, both an innate or a learnt capability.
- Tȳn nat lā pos: He cannot write (for example, because the subject is too young, and still does not know how to write)
Kra conveys an idea of a momentaneous ability, something that the subject can do in this moment, not a forever real capability.
- Tȳn nat lā kra sty: He cannot write (for example, the subject is too excited to write, too cold or too frightened, a momentaneous condition, but he knows how to write)
