Valware - Bopomofo: Difference between revisions
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| Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
! Latin | ! Latin | ||
! a | ! a | ||
! | ! e | ||
! | ! f | ||
! | ! h | ||
! | ! i | ||
! k | ! k | ||
! l | ! l | ||
| Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
! t | ! t | ||
! u | ! u | ||
! v | |||
! w | ! w | ||
! | ! y | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Valware | ||
| ㄚ | | ㄚ | ||
| | | ㄜ | ||
| | | ㄈ | ||
| | | ㄏ | ||
| 一 | | 一 | ||
| ㄍ | | ㄍ | ||
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| ㄫ/ㆭ | | ㄫ/ㆭ | ||
| ㄛ | | ㄛ | ||
| | | ㄖ | ||
| ㄙ | | ㄙ | ||
| | | ㄊ | ||
| ㄨ | | ㄨ | ||
| ㄪ | |||
| ㄨ | | ㄨ | ||
| | | 一 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! IPA | !IPA | ||
| /a/ | | /a/ | ||
| /e/ | |||
| /φ/ | |||
| /h/ | |||
| /β/ | | /β/ | ||
| /i/ | | /i/ | ||
| /k/ | | /k/ | ||
| /l/ | | /l/ | ||
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| /u/ | | /u/ | ||
| /w/ | | /w/ | ||
| / | | /j/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! voiced | ! voiced | ||
| m /m/ ~ /ɱ/<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup><br>'''ㄇ/ㆬ'''<sup>{{Color|red|2}} | | m /m/ ~ /ɱ/ <sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup><br>'''ㄇ/ㆬ''' <sup>{{Color|red|2}} | ||
| n /n/<br>'''ㄋ/ㄣ'''<sup>{{Color|red| | | n /n/<br>'''ㄋ/ㄣ''' <sup>{{Color|red|2}} | ||
| | | | ||
| ń /ŋ/<br>'''ㄫ/ㆭ'''<sup>{{Color|red| | | ń /ŋ/<br>'''ㄫ/ㆭ''' <sup>{{Color|red|2}} | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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! voiceless | ! voiceless | ||
| | | | ||
| t /t/<br>''' | | t /t/<br>'''ㄊ''' | ||
| | | | ||
| k /k/<br>'''ㄍ''' | | k /k/<br>'''ㄍ''' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! voiced | ! voiced | ||
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| w /w/<br>'''ㄨ''' | | w /w/<br>'''ㄨ''' | ||
| l /l/<br>'''ㄌ''' | | l /l/<br>'''ㄌ''' | ||
| r /ɾ/<br>''' | | r /ɾ/<br>'''ㄖ''' | ||
| y /j/<br>'''一''' | | y /j/<br>'''一''' | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Notes=== | ===Notes=== | ||
*<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup> /m/ becomes the [[Wikipedia:Labiodental consonant|labiodental]] /ɱ/ before the labiodentals /φ/ and /β/. | *<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup> /m/ becomes the [[Wikipedia:Labiodental consonant|labiodental]] /ɱ/ before the labiodentals /φ/ and /β/. | ||
*<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup> | *<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup> The nasal consonants, when they are [[Wikipedia:Syllable#Coda|codas]], have a special grapheme. These are taken from [[Wiktionary:Appendix:Zhuyin script|Min Nan Zhuyin]] script. | ||
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! Central | ! Central | ||
! Back | ! Back | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Close | ! Close | ||
| i /i/<br>'''一'''<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup> | | i /i/<br>'''一''' <sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup> | ||
| | | | ||
| u /u/<br>'''ㄨ'''<sup>{{Color|red| | | u /u/<br>'''ㄨ''' <sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Close Mid | ! Close Mid | ||
| e /e/<br>''' | | e /e/<br>'''ㄜ''' | ||
| | | | ||
| o /o/<br>'''ㄛ''' | | o /o/<br>'''ㄛ''' | ||
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| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== | |||
*<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup> As there are no diphthongs | ===Note=== | ||
*<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup> As there are no diphthongs (ii, uu) and all syllables are (C)V, 一一 and ㄨㄨ must be <yi> and <wu> respectively. | |||
Revision as of 16:59, 23 April 2020
Pronunciation table
| Latin | a | e | f | h | i | k | l | m | n | ń | o | r | s | t | u | v | w | y |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Valware | ㄚ | ㄜ | ㄈ | ㄏ | 一 | ㄍ | ㄌ | ㄇ/ㆬ | ㄋ/ㄣ | ㄫ/ㆭ | ㄛ | ㄖ | ㄙ | ㄊ | ㄨ | ㄪ | ㄨ | 一 |
| IPA | /a/ | /e/ | /φ/ | /h/ | /β/ | /i/ | /k/ | /l/ | /m/ | /n/ | /ŋ/ | /o/ | /ɾ/ | /s/ | /t/ | /u/ | /w/ | /j/ |
Consonants
| labial | dental | alveolar | palatal | glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasals | voiceless | |||||
| voiced | m /m/ ~ /ɱ/ 1 ㄇ/ㆬ 2 |
n /n/ ㄋ/ㄣ 2 |
ń /ŋ/ ㄫ/ㆭ 2 |
|||
| Stops | voiceless | t /t/ ㄊ |
k /k/ ㄍ |
|||
| voiced | ||||||
| Fricatives | voiceless | f /φ/ ㄈ |
s /s/ ㄙ |
|||
| voiced | v /β/ ㄪ |
|||||
| Sonorants | voiceless | h /h/ ㄏ | ||||
| voiced | w /w/ ㄨ |
l /l/ ㄌ |
r /ɾ/ ㄖ |
y /j/ 一 |
Notes
- 1 /m/ becomes the labiodental /ɱ/ before the labiodentals /φ/ and /β/.
- 2 The nasal consonants, when they are codas, have a special grapheme. These are taken from Min Nan Zhuyin script.
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i /i/ 一 1 |
u /u/ ㄨ 1 | |
| Close Mid | e /e/ ㄜ |
o /o/ ㄛ | |
| Open | a /ä/ ㄚ |
Note
- 1 As there are no diphthongs (ii, uu) and all syllables are (C)V, 一一 and ㄨㄨ must be <yi> and <wu> respectively.
Example
- All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
- Owe nuńwu wolo rile ok otu usa ve sańo yuń o sati yi.
- ㄛㄨㆤ ㄋㄨㆭㄨㄨ ㄨㄛㄌㄛ ㄭ一ㄌㆤ ㄛㄍ ㄛㄉㄨ ㄨㄙㄚ ㄪㆤ ㄙㄚㄫㄛ 一ㄨㆭ ㄛ ㄙㄚㄉ一 一一.
- They are endowed with reason and conscience
- Etu yuń o fuwi yuń ye sa yi
- ㆤㄉㄨ 一ㄨㆭ ㄛ ㄈㄨㄨ一 一ㄨㆭ 一ㆤ ㄙㄚ 一一
- and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
- o wa sońa weńwa wiva ve wasi ńom wila ve ńohita wafa.
- ㄛ ㄨㄚ ㄙㄛㄫㄚ ㄨㆤㄫㄨㄚ ㄨ一ㄪㄚ ㄪㆤ ㄨㄚㄙ一 ㄫㄛㆬ ㄨ一ㄌㄚ ㄪㆤ ㄫㄛㄏ一ㄉㄚ ㄨㄚㄈㄚ.
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 1
