Pejo language: Difference between revisions

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'''Pejo''' is a language spoken on the islands of Laba.  It is descended from [[Tapilula]].
'''Pejo''' is a language spoken on the islands of Laba.  It is descended from [[Tapilula]].


===Basic sound changes from Tapilula to proto-Pejo===
''See [[Tropical Rim]], as the sound changes listed here are nearly identical.''


* /ḳ/ > /ġ/ (a voiced velar stop).
The one difference is likely something I came up with after I abandoned this project.
* /tʷ dʷ nʷ/ > /kʷ ġʷ ŋʷ/.  Thus all labialized consonants are velars.
* /f/ > /h/.  Thus all fricatives (at this point) are velars as well.


0  l  j  h  ġ  k  ŋ  p  m  t
gʷ ŋʷ n  hʷ ġʷ kʷ g  b  f  d


==geography==
This can be repurposed for 15N/0W empire, [[amade]], as the ancestral language of all [[Tarpabap people]] who lived on their own. It is actually more closely related to Andanese than to Gold.


Laba will simply use Dreamlandic.


* Probably /g gʷ/ > /0 w/, leaving the language with just /h hʷ/ for fricatives.  Perhaps, though, before this shift happens, there is a vowel shift changing sequences like /àu/ into /ō/, like the languages of the mainland. Thus the /g/ > /0/ shift creates new sequences after a brief period in which the language had no vowel hiatus (except possibly at word boundaries). Also, /g/ after syllabic nasals creates a voiced stop instead of disappearing. Thus, sequences like /ṁb/ became more common.  They had existed before, but only at the same rate as disharmonious sequences like /ṁt/, since the origin of the syllabic nasals had nothing to do with what consonants, if any, followed them.
==Tapilula (0) to proto-Pejo==
:''See page history for script order.''
#The accent pattern involved in certain infixes with accented schwa switched to favor the following vowel.  e.g. ăpo "field", apə̀ho "field (possessive) became /ăpo apəhò/.
#The "labial" vowel ''ə'' disappeared, syllabified nearby consonants or turned to '''i''' if the nearby consonants were not possible to become syllabic.   Note that it never occurred after labialized consonants. Sequences such as /pəh/ collapsed to form aspirated consonants, though these behaved as clusters.
#Tautosyllabic vowel sequences ''òi ài èi'' converged to '''ē'''. This did not affect syllable-straddling words like /tùya/.  Likewise, ''èu àu òu'' in the same environment converged to '''ō'''.
#Duplicate vowel sequences ''àa èe ìi òo ùu'' shifted to long vowels '''ā ē ī ō ū'''. But the same sequences with the opposite tone pattern did not shift.
#The sequences ''ṁg ṅg ŋ̇g'' shifted to '''ṁb ṅd ŋ̇ġ'''.
#The velar fricatives ''g gʷ'' shifted to '''Ø w'''.
#The labialized consonants ''tʷ dʷ nʷ'' shifted to '''kʷ gʷ ŋʷ'''.
#The labial fricative ''f'' shifted to '''h'''.
#The velar ejective ''ḳ'' shifted to '''g'''.
#:This should probably be conditional, and it might shift /p t/ > /b d/ as well.


0  l  j  h  ġ  k  ŋ  p  m  t
==Daughter languages==
  w  ŋʷ n  hʷ ġʷ kʷ    b  f  d
STARTUP PHONOLOGY:
   


Labials:    p  b  m  w
Coronals:    t  d  n  l
Palatals:            y
Velars:      k  ġ  ŋ  h 
Labiovelars: kʷ ġʷ ŋʷ hʷ


Thus Pejo is outside the Rilolan sprachbund where /g/ is common and /ġ/ is rare.


===Notes===
While one might expect a pushchain sound shift of /b d ġ/ > /p t k/ > /f s x/, this never happened in any of the descendants because the parent language's voiceless stops were more common than the voiced stops, which would mean a language undergoing this shift unconditionally would then have more fricatives in its words than stops.  However, this shift did not even occur conditionally, either.  Instead, some languages changed the voiced stops /b d ġ/ into voiced fricatives /v z g/, which then in most branches became voiceless /f s x/.
UPDATEL: perhspa /d t/ > /tt s/ after a high tone? but this would mean all frics are intervocalic.
====Daughter language 1====
No fricatives evolve.
#High tones ---> /ʔ/ at end of syllable.
#/ʔ/ + stop ---> geminate stop.
#voiced geminate ---> voiceless geminate.
#/ʔh/ > /kʰ/. (Probably not contrastive with /k/.)
#Syllabic nasals deleted: ṁ ṅ ŋ̇ ----> /məm/, /nən/, /ŋəŋ/ if a vowel follows, and just /mə nə ŋə/ if not.  If surrounded by consos on both sides, all ---> ə.


* Some of the new vowels created by the above shift might actually be rising diphthongs, which are not considered diphthongs in most Tapilula languages but rather sequences of /j/ or /w/ plus a vowel.  Thus, Pejo gained new syllables that had a /j/ or /w/ between the initial consonant and the nucleus of the syllable.  The primordial labiovelars merged with these, meaning that they can be analyzed as /kw/, /hw/, etc, and therefore the labiovelars disappeared from the phonology, although sequences of a velar consonant plus /w/ were still far more common than any of the other combinations.


The phonology at this stage would be for consonants /p b m w t d n l j k ġ ŋ h/.  The dot over the /ġ/ is to conform with the spelling traditions of related languages, but is unnecessary since this language has no voiced velar fricative /g/.  The vowels and the syllabic consonants remain the same as the parent language's, but there is probably at least one new tone, and possibly two.  The maximal tone system would be /ă à ā á/, a common setup for the mainland branch of the family.
"Try to find a path to /s/, but if none appears, head on down the path that leads to /r/ instead."


*Syllabic nasals remain.  They cannot have an epenthetic vowel inserted, such as /ə/, because then there would be only one vowel in the language which could carry a syllable-final consonant.
This sound change list is much too short to encompass the ~3500 years needed to get to "Laban", but if it were taken as complete, the name of the military leader Demofos would appear here as '''Dehòko'''.


====Notes====
====Daughter language 2====
While one might expect a pushchain sound shift of /b d ġ/ > /p t k/ > /f s x/, this never happened in any of the descendants because the parent language's voiceless stops were more common than the voiced stops, which would mean a language undergoing this shift unconditionally would then have more fricatives in its words than stops.  However, this shift did not even occur conditionally, either.  Instead, some languages changed the voiced stops /b d ġ/ into voiced fricatives /v z g/, which then in most branches became voiceless /f s x/.


====Later sound changes====
P  b  ?  mb ?
Here the language splits into daughters, but even so, there is one branch that is politically powerful and is the language called "Laban" by outsiders. (For comparison, imagine if Swahili or perhaps Arabic was called "African".) However, it will be referred to as Pejo here, the name of the tribe that spoke it.
B  b  ?  mb ?
T  t  s  nt ?
D  d  t  nd ?
K  k  ?  ŋk ?
G  ġ  ?  ŋġ ?
  Kʷ  p  ?  mp ?
Gʷ  b  ? mb ?


*possibly /b d ġ/ > /v z g/ > /0 z 0/ > /0 s 0/. This creates an /s/, and gets rid of the "unwanted" consonants that would be rare for the geographical area Pejo is in.  /v/ might cause labialization of the preceding vowel before it disappears, as happened in the parent language of Tapilula.  Thus this is a repeating sound shift.  If /v/ disappears, it probably takes /w/ with it.
Labiovelars take all other labialized consos with them.
ə > 0.   
No geminates, probably no tones.


====Daughter language 3====
Here the language splits into daughters, but even so, there is one branch that is politically powerful and is the language called "Laban" by outsiders.  (For comparison, imagine if Swahili or perhaps Arabic was called "African".)  However, it will be referred to as Pejo here, the name of the tribe that spoke it.


*High tones cause following fricatives to become stops or affricates.  /h g/ > /kʰ ġ/ or possible even /kʰ k/.
*possibly /b d ġ/ > /v z g/ > /0 z 0/ > /0 s 0/. This creates an /s/, and gets rid of the "unwanted" consonants that would be rare for the geographical area Pejo is in.  /v/ might cause labialization of the preceding vowel before it disappears, as happened in the parent language of Tapilula.  Thus this is a repeating sound shift.  If /v/ disappears, it probably takes /w/ with it. /s/ is probably [c] after a high tone.  


  0  p b m  w  t  d n l  j k ġ ŋ  h (f  s  x)
  0  p  m  w  t  n s l  y k  ŋ  h  
  ʔ  pp pp mm pw tt tt nn tl ć  kk kk ŋŋ kʰ pf c kʰ
  ʔ  pp mm pw tt nn c  tl ć  kk ŋŋ kʰ   


The resolution of the voiced stops up above could be resolved by saying that /ʔ/ + voiced stop ---> /ʔ/ + voiceless stop. This would happen before the change of remaining voiced stops into voiced fricatives, thus removing the need for the sound change to happen twice. 
;actually this is unlikely since there is no final nasal.


But voiced stops must reappear somehow.
Voiced stops might also obey this rule, changing into voiceless stops instead of /0/ and then /ʔ/.


==Notes==
==Notes==


[[Category:Languages of Teppala]]
[[Category:Languages of Teppala]]

Latest revision as of 08:24, 8 April 2020

Pejo is a language spoken on the islands of Laba. It is descended from Tapilula.

See Tropical Rim, as the sound changes listed here are nearly identical.

The one difference is likely something I came up with after I abandoned this project.


geography

This can be repurposed for 15N/0W empire, amade, as the ancestral language of all Tarpabap people who lived on their own. It is actually more closely related to Andanese than to Gold.

Laba will simply use Dreamlandic.

Tapilula (0) to proto-Pejo

See page history for script order.
  1. The accent pattern involved in certain infixes with accented schwa switched to favor the following vowel. e.g. ăpo "field", apə̀ho "field (possessive) became /ăpo apəhò/.
  2. The "labial" vowel ə disappeared, syllabified nearby consonants or turned to i if the nearby consonants were not possible to become syllabic. Note that it never occurred after labialized consonants. Sequences such as /pəh/ collapsed to form aspirated consonants, though these behaved as clusters.
  3. Tautosyllabic vowel sequences òi ài èi converged to ē. This did not affect syllable-straddling words like /tùya/. Likewise, èu àu òu in the same environment converged to ō.
  4. Duplicate vowel sequences àa èe ìi òo ùu shifted to long vowels ā ē ī ō ū. But the same sequences with the opposite tone pattern did not shift.
  5. The sequences ṁg ṅg ŋ̇g shifted to ṁb ṅd ŋ̇ġ.
  6. The velar fricatives g gʷ shifted to Ø w.
  7. The labialized consonants tʷ dʷ nʷ shifted to kʷ gʷ ŋʷ.
  8. The labial fricative f shifted to h.
  9. The velar ejective ḳ shifted to g.
    This should probably be conditional, and it might shift /p t/ > /b d/ as well.

Daughter languages

STARTUP PHONOLOGY: 


Labials:     p  b  m  w
Coronals:    t  d  n  l
Palatals:             y
Velars:      k  ġ  ŋ  h  
Labiovelars: kʷ ġʷ ŋʷ hʷ


Notes

While one might expect a pushchain sound shift of /b d ġ/ > /p t k/ > /f s x/, this never happened in any of the descendants because the parent language's voiceless stops were more common than the voiced stops, which would mean a language undergoing this shift unconditionally would then have more fricatives in its words than stops. However, this shift did not even occur conditionally, either. Instead, some languages changed the voiced stops /b d ġ/ into voiced fricatives /v z g/, which then in most branches became voiceless /f s x/.

UPDATEL: perhspa /d t/ > /tt s/ after a high tone? but this would mean all frics are intervocalic.

Daughter language 1

No fricatives evolve.

  1. High tones ---> /ʔ/ at end of syllable.
  2. /ʔ/ + stop ---> geminate stop.
  3. voiced geminate ---> voiceless geminate.
  4. /ʔh/ > /kʰ/. (Probably not contrastive with /k/.)
  5. Syllabic nasals deleted: ṁ ṅ ŋ̇ ----> /məm/, /nən/, /ŋəŋ/ if a vowel follows, and just /mə nə ŋə/ if not. If surrounded by consos on both sides, all ---> ə.


"Try to find a path to /s/, but if none appears, head on down the path that leads to /r/ instead."

This sound change list is much too short to encompass the ~3500 years needed to get to "Laban", but if it were taken as complete, the name of the military leader Demofos would appear here as Dehòko.

Daughter language 2

P   b  ?  mb ?
B   b  ?  mb ?
T   t  s  nt ?
D   d  t  nd ?
K   k  ?  ŋk ?
G   ġ  ?  ŋġ ?
Kʷ  p  ?  mp ?
Gʷ  b  ?  mb ?

Labiovelars take all other labialized consos with them. ə > 0. No geminates, probably no tones.

Daughter language 3

Here the language splits into daughters, but even so, there is one branch that is politically powerful and is the language called "Laban" by outsiders. (For comparison, imagine if Swahili or perhaps Arabic was called "African".) However, it will be referred to as Pejo here, the name of the tribe that spoke it.

  • possibly /b d ġ/ > /v z g/ > /0 z 0/ > /0 s 0/. This creates an /s/, and gets rid of the "unwanted" consonants that would be rare for the geographical area Pejo is in. /v/ might cause labialization of the preceding vowel before it disappears, as happened in the parent language of Tapilula. Thus this is a repeating sound shift. If /v/ disappears, it probably takes /w/ with it. /s/ is probably [c] after a high tone.
0  p  m  w  t  n  s  l  y  k  ŋ  h   
ʔ  pp mm pw tt nn c  tl ć  kk ŋŋ kʰ
actually this is unlikely since there is no final nasal.

Voiced stops might also obey this rule, changing into voiceless stops instead of /0/ and then /ʔ/.

Notes

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