Valware - Korean hangul: Difference between revisions

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{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
!  
!  
!
! labial
! labial
! dental
! dental
! alveolar
! alveolar
! palatal
! palatal
! velar
! glottal
! glottal
|-
|-
! nasal
! rowspan="2" | Nasals
| /m/<br>'''ㅁ'''<br>m
! voiceless
| /n/<br>'''ㄴ'''<br>n
|
|  
|  
|  
|  
| /ŋ/<br>'''ㄱ'''<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup>, '''ㆆ'''<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup><br> ń
|
|
|-
! voiced
| m /m/ ~ /ɱ/<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup><br>'''ㅁ'''
| n /n/<br>'''ㄴ'''
|  
|  
| ń /ŋ/<br>'''ㄱ'''<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup>, '''ㆆ'''<sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup>
|
|-
|-
! voiceless stop
! rowspan="2" | Stops
! voiceless
|  
|  
| /t/ <br>'''ㄷ'''<sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup><br>t
| t /t/<br>'''ㄷ'''
|
|  
|  
| ʻ /ʔ/<br>'''ㅋ'''<sup>{{Color|red|4}}</sup>
|-
! voiced
|  
|  
|  
|  
| /Ɂ/<br>'''ㅋ'''<sup>{{Color|red|4}}</sup><br>ʻ
|-
! voiceless fricative
| /φ/<br>'''ㅍ'''<sup>{{Color|red|5}}</sup><br>f
|  
|  
| /s/<br>'''ㅅ'''<br>s
|  
|  
|  
|  
| /h/ <br>'''ㅎ'''<br>h
|-
|-
! voiced fricative
! rowspan="2" | Fricatives
| /β/<br>'''ㅂ'''<sup>{{Color|red|6}}</sup><br>v
! voiceless
|  
| f /φ/<br>'''ㅍ'''<sup>{{Color|red|5}}</sup>
|  
|
| s /s/<br>'''ㅅ'''
|
|
|
|  
|  
|-
|-
! voiced approximant
! voiced
| w<br><sup>{{Color|red|7}}</sup><br>
| v /β/<br>'''ㅂ'''<sup>{{Color|red|6}}</sup>
|
|
|  
|
| y<br><sup>{{Color|red|8}}</sup><br>
|  
|  
|  
|  
|-
|-
! tap
! rowspan="2" | Sonorants
! voiceless
|  
|  
|  
|  
| /ɾ/<br>'''ㄹㄹ'''<sup>{{Color|red|9}}</sup><br>r
|
|
|
|  
|
| h /h/<br>'''ㅎ'''
|-
|-
! voiced lateral approximant
! voiced  
|  
| w /w/<br>'''<sup>{{Color|red|7}}</sup>'''
|  
| l /l/<br>'''ㄹ'''
| /l/<br>'''ㄹ'''<br>l
| r /ɾ/<br>'''ㅊ'''<sup>{{Color|red|8}}</sup>
|  
| y /j/<br>'''<sup>{{Color|red|9}}</sup>'''
|  
|
|  
|}
|}


===Notes===
===Notes===
*1. '''ㄱ'''is used for initial /ŋ/.
*{{Color|red|1}} /m/ becomes the [[Wikipedia:Labiodental consonant|labiodental]] /ɱ/ before the labiodentals /φ/ and /β/.
*2. '''ㆆ''' is used when /ŋ/ is a coda, ''e.g.'', '''의ㆆ유''', '''yińyu''', pearl.
*{{Color|red|2}} The jamo <ㄱ> (g~k~kʰ)  is assigned to the velar nasal /ŋ/.
*3. '''ㄷ''' <d> /t/ is reassigned the phoneme /t/.
*{{Color|red|3}} The jamo <ㆆ> is used when /ŋ/ is a coda, ''e.g.'', '''읭유''', '''yińyu''', pearl.
*4. '''ㅋ''' <k> /kʰ/ is reassigned the phoneme /Ɂ/.
*{{Color|red|4}} The jamo <ㅋ> /kʰ/ is assigned to the glottal stop <ʻ> /ʔ/.
*5. '''ㅍ''' /pʰ/ is reassigned the phoneme /f/.
*{{Color|red|5}} The jamo <ㅍ> /pʰ/ is assigned to the voiceless bilabial fricative /f/.
*6. '''ㅂ''' <nowiki><b></nowiki> /p/ is reassigned the phoneme /v/.
*{{Color|red|6}} The jamo <ㅂ> /p~pʰ~b) is assigned to the voiced bilabial fricative <v> /β/.
*7. The compound vowels are used for <w>, ''e.g.'', '''ㅘ''', wa.
*{{Color|red|7}} The compound vowels are used for <w>, ''e.g.'', '''ㅘ''', wa.
*8. The iotized vowels are used for <y>, ''e.g.'', '''요''', yo.
*{{Color|red|8}} The jamo <ㅊ> /tɕʰ/ is assigned to the alveolar tap /ɾ/.
*9. '''ㄹㄹ''' is used for <r>. The first '''ㄹ''' is treated as a coda. The second '''ㄹ''' is the syllable onset, ''e.g.'', '''율루''', '''yuru''', heart. When it is the initial consonant, the jamo '''르''' is prefixed, purely for esthetic reasons '''르루네''', '''rune''', fire.
*{{Color|red|9}} The iotized vowels are used for <y>, ''e.g.'', '''요''', yo.




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!
!
! a
! a
!
! e
! e
!
! i
! i
!
! o
! o
!
! u
! u
|-
|-
! Simple vowels
! Simple vowels
| '''아'''
| '''아'''
|
| '''에'''
| '''에'''
|
| '''이'''
| '''이'''
|
| '''오'''
| '''오'''
|
| '''우'''
| '''우'''
|-
|-
!Compound vowels
!Compound vowels
| '''ㅘ'''
| '''ㅘ'''
|
| '''ㅞ'''
| '''ㅞ'''
|
| '''ㅟ'''
| '''ㅟ'''
| '''ㅝ'''
|
| '''ᆃ'''<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup>
| '''ᆂ'''<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup>
|
| '''ᆃ'''<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup>
|-
|-
!Iotized vowels
!Iotized vowels
| '''야'''
| '''야'''
|
| '''예'''
| '''예'''
|
| '''의'''
| '''의'''
|
| '''요'''
| '''요'''
|
| '''유'''
| '''유'''
|}
|}


===Notes===
===Notes===
*1. This obsolete compound vowel of unknown quality is reassigned the value '''wu'''.
*1. The obsolete compound vowel <wo>.
*2. This obsolete compound vowel of unknown quality is assigned the value '''wu'''.




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| 구
| 구
|-
|-
! r ㄹㄹ
! r ㅊ 
| 르라
| 차
| 르레
| 체
| 르리
| 치
| 르로
| 초
| 르루
| 추
|-
|-
! s ㅅ
! s ㅅ
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| ㅞ
| ㅞ
| ㅟ
| ㅟ
| ㅝ
| ᆂ
| ᆃ
| ᆃ
|-
|-
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==Sample==
==Example==
*All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
*All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
*'''Owe nuńwu wolo rile oʻ otu usa ve sańo yuń o sati yi.'''
*They are endowed with reason and conscience
*오ㅞ  누ㆆᆃ  ㅝ로  르리레  오ㅋ  오두  우사  베  사고  유ㆆ  오  사디  의.
*and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.




*They are endowed with reason and conscience
*'''Owe nuńwu wolo rile oʻ otu usa ve sańo yuń o sati yi.'''
*'''Etu yuń o fuwi yuń ye sa yi'''
*'''Etu yuń o fuwi yuń ye sa yi'''
*ㅞ두  유ㆆ  오  피ㅟ  유ㆆ ㅞ  사  의
*'''o wa sońa weńwa wiva ve wasi ńol wila ve ńohita wafa.'''




*and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
*오ㅞ  눙ᆃ  ᆂ로  치레  옼  오두  우사  베  사고  융  오  사디  의.
*'''o wa sońa weńwa wiva ve wasi ńol wila ve ńohita wafa.'''
*에두  융  오  푸ㅟ  오  예  사  의
*오  ㅘ  소가  ㅞㆆㅘ ㅟ바   베  ㅘ시  고ㄹ ㅟ라  베  고히다  ㅘ파.
*오  ㅘ  소가  웽ㅘ ㅟ바 베  ㅘ시  골 ㅟ라  베  고히다  ㅘ파.




*Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 1
*Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 1

Revision as of 16:36, 5 March 2020

Pronunciation table

Latin a v e i y l m n ń o r s t u w f h ʻ
IPA /a/ /β/ /e/ /i/ /j/ /l/ /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ /o/ /r/ /s/ /t/ /u/ /w/ /φ/ /h/ /Ɂ/
  • The letters of the alphabet are arranged in a modified Cyrillic order.


Consonants

labial dental alveolar palatal glottal
Nasals voiceless
voiced m /m/ ~ /ɱ/1
ㅁ 		n /n/
ㄴ 		ń /ŋ/
ㄱ2, ㆆ3
Stops voiceless t /t/
ㄷ 		ʻ /ʔ/
ㅋ4
voiced
Fricatives voiceless f /φ/
ㅍ5 		s /s/
ㅅ
voiced v /β/
ㅂ6
Sonorants voiceless h /h/
ㅎ
voiced w /w/
7 		l /l/
ㄹ 		r /ɾ/
ㅊ8 		y /j/
9

Notes

  • 1 /m/ becomes the labiodental /ɱ/ before the labiodentals /φ/ and /β/.
  • 2 The jamo <ㄱ> (g~k~kʰ) is assigned to the velar nasal /ŋ/.
  • 3 The jamo <ㆆ> is used when /ŋ/ is a coda, e.g., 읭유, yińyu, pearl.
  • 4 The jamo <ㅋ> /kʰ/ is assigned to the glottal stop <ʻ> /ʔ/.
  • 5 The jamo <ㅍ> /pʰ/ is assigned to the voiceless bilabial fricative /f/.
  • 6 The jamo <ㅂ> /p~pʰ~b) is assigned to the voiced bilabial fricative <v> /β/.
  • 7 The compound vowels are used for <w>, e.g., ㅘ, wa.
  • 8 The jamo <ㅊ> /tɕʰ/ is assigned to the alveolar tap /ɾ/.
  • 9 The iotized vowels are used for <y>, e.g., 요, yo.


Vowels

a e i o u
Simple vowels 아 에 이 오 우
Compound vowels ㅘ ㅞ ㅟ ᆂ1 ᆃ2
Iotized vowels 야 예 의 요 유

Notes

  • 1. The obsolete compound vowel <wo>.
  • 2. This obsolete compound vowel of unknown quality is assigned the value wu.


Syllabary

a 아 e 에 i 이 o 오 u 우
v ㅂ 바 베 비 보 부
y 야 예 의 요 유
l ㄹ 라 레 리 로 루
m ㅁ 마 메 미 모 무
nㄴ 나 네 니 노 누
ń ㄱ 가 게 기 고 구
r ㅊ 차 체 치 초 추
s ㅅ 사 세 시 소 수
t ㄷ 다 데 디 도 두
w ㅘ ㅞ ㅟ ᆂ ᆃ
f ㅍ 파 페 피 포 푸
h ㅎ 하 헤 히 호 후
ʻ ㅋ 카 케 키 코 쿠


Example

  • All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
  • They are endowed with reason and conscience
  • and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.


  • Owe nuńwu wolo rile oʻ otu usa ve sańo yuń o sati yi.
  • Etu yuń o fuwi yuń ye sa yi
  • o wa sońa weńwa wiva ve wasi ńol wila ve ńohita wafa.


  • 오ㅞ 눙ᆃ ᆂ로 치레 옼 오두 우사 베 사고 융 오 사디 의.
  • 에두 융 오 푸ㅟ 오 예 사 의
  • 오 ㅘ 소가 웽ㅘ ㅟ바 베 ㅘ시 골 ㅟ라 베 고히다 ㅘ파.


  • Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 1
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