Modern terminology in Poswa and Pabappa: Difference between revisions

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====Subject-object-verb compounds====
Poswa and Pabappa are adept at coining new words, although Pabappa takes many loans from Poswa. Pabappa words in ''italics'' denote words recently loaned from Poswa.  Words for which no Pabappa entry is given in this table also use the Poswa word, adapted to Pabappa's sound system.   
Some nouns are actually complete sentences with just the verb endings removed. This could be classified as a type of polysynthesis.  Unlike the subject-verb compounds above, SOV compounds generally show transitive action, and are commonly used as verbs.  However, because all verbs have a stem which behaves grammatically as a noun, they are nonetheless grouped with the other compounds as nouns.


Polysynthetic compounds are generally used metaphorically, since the subject is generally present in the sentence.  Many of these words are very old, and make use of short, sometimes even subsyllabic, morphemes that no longer have any independent use in Poswa as standalone words.  For example, the early Pabappa verb '''pi''' "to kill" has disappeared from the language as a standalone verb because it coalesced with a verb meaning "to lick".  However, it is still found in SOV compounds of this type.  <ref>From Poswa: Note that the accusative ending ''-p'' on the object is often not present; this is because the OV portion of the word can be parsed as another SV compound in which the inanimate subject is grammatically active but syntactically passive. However, if the object of the sentence is animate, it will take the ''-p''.</ref>
i will try to rework this around verbs instead of nouns/.


====Examples of tripartite SOV compounds====
==cellphone & computer terms==
===Poswa===
probably just going to use a list here, not table.  these might have multiple forms, or might have a single form for each action but with each one varying among /-mp-/ "hip", /-ntš-/ "pocket/handhold", and /-p-/ "hand" as the agent of motion. Note that /ntš/ does *not* mean "fingertip"; this sense comes from the archaic B-stem locative, thus "what fits in a handhold", and that is why it only appears in compounds. 


{| class="wikitable"
There is no requirement that these words be U verbs, but as newly coined technology terms, outside the classical vocabulary, the U verbs are convenient. (Compare with Neo-[[Dreamlandic languages|Dreamlandic]], where modern words like "swipe" have become primary and the old senses are formed with compounds.)
! Active <BR>element
! meaning
! Passive <BR>element
! meaning
! Verbal <BR>element
! meaning
! New word
! meaning
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| pop ||    sharp object
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| wul ||    fish
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"| pi ||    to kill
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"| poppi ||  to go fishing
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| wul  ||  fish   
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| si  ||    ice
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"| ti  ||    to break open
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"| isti  ||  to behave as a fish breaking through ice
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  po ||    hand
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  lara ||    legs
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"|  pana ||    to create pleasure
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"|  blana ||  to masturbate
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  — ||    —
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  lara ||    legs
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"|  pana ||    to create pleasure
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"|  lana ||  to have sex
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| pul  ||    baby
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  — ||    —
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"|  isi ||    to guess
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"|  pulisi ||  children guessing naively; to guess
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| ta  ||  toddler   
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| —  ||   
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"| musa  ||  to play with each other 
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"| tansa  ||  children playing with each other; as on a playground
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| po  ||    hand
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  tim ||    soap
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"|  i ||    bubbles; lather
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"| pommi  ||  to lather someone up with soap; to bathe
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| pip  || man 
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  so ||    man
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"|  pana ||    to create pleasure
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"|  pitsuna ||  gay man
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| su  ||  sun 
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| sap  ||    snow
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"|  im ||    to make disappear
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"|  sussem ||  to melt
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  uma ||  woman   
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  oma ||    woman
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"|  pana ||    to create pleasure
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"|  utana ||  lesbian
|- 
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| pup  ||    penis
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  — ||    —
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"|  wupu ||    bloodshed; pain
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"| puppupu  ||  to rape
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| pup  ||    penis
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| ma  ||    womb
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"| su  ||    penetrate
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"| punsa  ||  to impregnate someone; become a father
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| ma  ||    womb
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  pul ||    baby
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"|  pi ||    kill
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"| mappi  ||  to have a miscarriage; spontaneous abortion
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| pampor  ||  weapon
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  as ||    human
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"| api  ||    to repeat
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"| pamporapi  ||  war; when weapons hurt humans<ref>spelled ''pampobapi'' in pink notebook</ref>
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  uma ||    woman
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  so ||    man
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"|  pana ||    to create pleasure
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"|  unsuna ||  heterosexual female
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| pip  ||  man
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| oma  ||    woman
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"|  pana ||    to create pleasure
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"|  piptana ||  heterosexual male
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  ||   
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  ||   
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"|  ||   
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"|  || 
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| tipa  ||    flea
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  lara ||    legs
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"|  pua ||    to jump, leap
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"| tiblaba  ||  flea
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| pus  ||    ring
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| sop<ref>could regularlize this to "pup"</ref>  ||    both hands
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"|  poba ||    to trap; restrain
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"| pusoppoba  ||  handcuffs
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  po ||  palm of the hand   
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| pap  ||    cheek
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"|  pe ||    to strike, hit
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"| popepe  ||  to slap someone in the face
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  po ||    palm of the hand
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  p(t)ap ||    buttocks (dual)
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"|  pe ||    to strike, hit
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"|  poptape ||  to spank; to humiliate
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| pep  ||    hand 
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| piri  || skin, body   
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"|  pe ||    to strike, hit
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"|  pepripe ||  to punch someone
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  ||   
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  ||   
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"|  ||   
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"|  || 
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  ||   
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  ||   
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"|  ||   
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"|  || 
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  ||   
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  ||   
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"|  ||   
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"|  || 
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  ||   
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  ||   
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"|  ||   
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"|  || 
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  ||   
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  ||   
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"|  ||   
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"|  || 
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  ||   
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  ||   
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"|  ||   
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"|  || 
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  ||   
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  ||   
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"|  ||   
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"|  || 
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  ||   
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"|  ||   
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"|  ||   
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"|  || 
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| pup  ||  penis   
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| pip  ||    vagina
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"| pana  ||    to create pleasure
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"| pupipuna  ||    to have (penile-vaginal) sexual intercourse
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| po  ||  hand   
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| pup  ||    penis
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"| pana  ||    to create pleasure
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"| popupana  ||    a man masturbating
|-
| style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| po  ||  hand   
|style="background-color:#b9e8ff;"| pip  ||    vagina
|style="background-color:#fff1b9;"| pana  ||    to create pleasure
| style="background-color:#c1ffb9;"| popipuna  ||    a woman masturbating 
|}


====Choice of morphemes in SOV compounds====
===Phones and other touchscreen devices===
While some of the words in the table above may seem uncharacteristically graphic for a language such as Pabappa, their use is perpetuated by the fact that many of them have died out as standalone morphemes in the modern language.  For example, although the compound '''puppupu''' "to rape" is made up of '''pup''' "penis" and '''wupu''' "bloodshed, pain", the shortest modern word for penis is '''pumapi''' and the word for pain is just one of many such words.
Poswa's word for voice is '''pypep''', so a handheld voice would be '''pypepa'''.  The verb for talking using a phone is simply '''pyp-'''.


Likewise, if '''punsa''' "to impregnate" were re-created using modern morphemes, it would look something like
There may be a distinction between actions involving doing something ''on'' a phone, which would tend to use /-p-/, and doing things ''with'' a phone, which could use /-mp-/ and /-b-/.
:'''Pumapi rompa pussap.'''
::Penis penetrates womb.


(Spaces have been inserted to make the word boundaries clearer.)
====Smartphone gestures====
The word for a glass screen in a building is '''supupatša''', so perhaps a phone's screen could be '''supupala'''.  Another possibility is to use  '''džupa'''  "hand mirror".


Likewise, '''mappi''' "abortion, miscarriage" would have to be expressed as
#swipe: '''pipup-U-''', '''pipep-U-''', both "to scrape with the hand".  Note that (unless I remove it) /pipup-U-/ already means "masturbate"; this is not necessarily a problem, since U verbs are generally colloquial and the literal meaning of the word for masturbate is just "to enjoy using their hands".
:'''Rompa pampap uradi.'''
#:'''Wopampi ''pipupubi''.
::Womb kills baby.
#::''Swipe'' right.
#tap ~ press: '''puntš-U-''', unless this is better as "long press"
#long press: perhaps the same as above but with durative aspect
#rotate: '''šesp-U-''', '''wimp-U-'''<ref>from Play /fimu pi/</ref>
#shake: '''župp-U-'''
#drag
#multi-touch press
#pinch inward (to zoom): '''bebbup-U-''', '''bebbap-U-''', '''wovup-U''', '''popap-U-'''.<ref>from Play /pau pap aa/, not just /pau pap/.</ref> But the first two may be corrupt ... need to check updated dictionary to find etymologies.
#:'''Supupalapi ''bebbupubwi''.'''<ref>this assumes a shift of /bʷb/ > /bʷ/, even though this would cause the verb to merge with its own passive form. This may not be as problematic as it sounds, because in most cases the verb would immediately follow a word in the accusative case, clarifying that it is not a passive.</ref>
#::''Pinch'' the screen.
#spread outward (to zoom)
#palm swipe (does this still exist?)
#multi-finger swipe (does this still exist?)
#flick (does this still exist?)


Even '''poppi''' "to go fishing" would appear as something such as
====Computer mouse gestures====
:'''Papiba ibip uradi.'''
Note that computer terms like "reboot" would not likely be U-verbs ... U-verbs are mostly useful for describing physical movements.
::Sharp object kills fish.


Lastly, some SOV morphemes have become generalized as metaphors such that their S component has effectively lost its meaning.  Although '''pulisi''' means "to guess", it previously carried the more specific sense "to guess in a childlike way", where ''pul'' was a word for baby that came to mean a word for children in general before dying out.  If a new compound in this style were created today it could be either
#click
#double-click
#left-click
#right-click
#scroll (with mouse wheel)
#to move the mouse
#to press and then move the mouse (make a selection etc)
#hover


:'''Pampa pulisi.'''
===Pabappa===
::Baby's guess.
If Pabappa borrows Poswa's U verbs, it would likely take the stem, add an /i/, and then conjugate them as ordinary verbs with the suffixes beginning with /b/.  U verbs never arose in Pabappa and thus could not have "survived".  Alternatively, they could borrow the stem and add a /u/ instead. /i/ would be the "scholarly" choice (matching semantics), while /u/ would be the commoner's choice (matching sound).


Or
==Notes==


:'''Blumpur pulisi.'''
[[Category:Poswa]]
::Child's guess.
[[Category:Pabappa]]
[[Category:Languages of Teppala]]

Latest revision as of 14:52, 19 February 2020

Poswa and Pabappa are adept at coining new words, although Pabappa takes many loans from Poswa. Pabappa words in italics denote words recently loaned from Poswa. Words for which no Pabappa entry is given in this table also use the Poswa word, adapted to Pabappa's sound system.

i will try to rework this around verbs instead of nouns/.

cellphone & computer terms

Poswa

probably just going to use a list here, not table. these might have multiple forms, or might have a single form for each action but with each one varying among /-mp-/ "hip", /-ntš-/ "pocket/handhold", and /-p-/ "hand" as the agent of motion. Note that /ntš/ does *not* mean "fingertip"; this sense comes from the archaic B-stem locative, thus "what fits in a handhold", and that is why it only appears in compounds.

There is no requirement that these words be U verbs, but as newly coined technology terms, outside the classical vocabulary, the U verbs are convenient. (Compare with Neo-Dreamlandic, where modern words like "swipe" have become primary and the old senses are formed with compounds.)

Phones and other touchscreen devices

Poswa's word for voice is pypep, so a handheld voice would be pypepa. The verb for talking using a phone is simply pyp-.

There may be a distinction between actions involving doing something on a phone, which would tend to use /-p-/, and doing things with a phone, which could use /-mp-/ and /-b-/.

Smartphone gestures

The word for a glass screen in a building is supupatša, so perhaps a phone's screen could be supupala. Another possibility is to use džupa "hand mirror".

  1. swipe: pipup-U-, pipep-U-, both "to scrape with the hand". Note that (unless I remove it) /pipup-U-/ already means "masturbate"; this is not necessarily a problem, since U verbs are generally colloquial and the literal meaning of the word for masturbate is just "to enjoy using their hands".
    Wopampi pipupubi.
    Swipe right.
  2. tap ~ press: puntš-U-, unless this is better as "long press"
  3. long press: perhaps the same as above but with durative aspect
  4. rotate: šesp-U-, wimp-U-[1]
  5. shake: župp-U-
  6. drag
  7. multi-touch press
  8. pinch inward (to zoom): bebbup-U-, bebbap-U-, wovup-U, popap-U-.[2] But the first two may be corrupt ... need to check updated dictionary to find etymologies.
    Supupalapi bebbupubwi.[3]
    Pinch the screen.
  9. spread outward (to zoom)
  10. palm swipe (does this still exist?)
  11. multi-finger swipe (does this still exist?)
  12. flick (does this still exist?)

Computer mouse gestures

Note that computer terms like "reboot" would not likely be U-verbs ... U-verbs are mostly useful for describing physical movements.

  1. click
  2. double-click
  3. left-click
  4. right-click
  5. scroll (with mouse wheel)
  6. to move the mouse
  7. to press and then move the mouse (make a selection etc)
  8. hover

Pabappa

If Pabappa borrows Poswa's U verbs, it would likely take the stem, add an /i/, and then conjugate them as ordinary verbs with the suffixes beginning with /b/. U verbs never arose in Pabappa and thus could not have "survived". Alternatively, they could borrow the stem and add a /u/ instead. /i/ would be the "scholarly" choice (matching semantics), while /u/ would be the commoner's choice (matching sound).

Notes

  1. ↑ from Play /fimu pi/
  2. ↑ from Play /pau pap aa/, not just /pau pap/.
  3. ↑ this assumes a shift of /bʷb/ > /bʷ/, even though this would cause the verb to merge with its own passive form. This may not be as problematic as it sounds, because in most cases the verb would immediately follow a word in the accusative case, clarifying that it is not a passive.
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