Senjecas - Korean: Difference between revisions
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==Consonants== | ==Consonants== | ||
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" | {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" | ||
! | ! | ||
! | |||
! colspan="2" | '''peműko'''<br>(labial) | ! colspan="2" | '''peműko'''<br>(labial) | ||
| | |||
! colspan="2" | '''riisűko'''<br>(dental) | ! colspan="2" | '''riisűko'''<br>(dental) | ||
| | |||
! colspan="2" | '''muitűko'''<br>(alveolar) | ! colspan="2" | '''muitűko'''<br>(alveolar) | ||
| | |||
! colspan="2" | '''vainűko'''<br>(palatal) | ! colspan="2" | '''vainűko'''<br>(palatal) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! voiceless | ! rowspan="2" | Stops | ||
! voiceless | |||
| p | | p | ||
| ㅂ | | ㅂ | ||
! | |||
| t | | t | ||
| ㄷ | | ㄷ | ||
! | |||
| ṡ | | ṡ | ||
| ㅈ | | ㅈ<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup> | ||
! | |||
| k | | k | ||
| ㄱ | | ㄱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! voiced | ! voiced | ||
| b | | b | ||
| ㅃ<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup> | | ㅃ<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup> | ||
! | |||
| d | | d | ||
| ㄸ | | ㄸ | ||
! | |||
| ż | | ż | ||
| ㅉ | | ㅉ | ||
! | |||
| g | | g | ||
| ㄲ | | ㄲ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! voiceless | ! rowspan="2" | Fricatives | ||
! voiceless | |||
| f | | f | ||
| ㅸ | | ㅸ | ||
! | |||
| þ | | þ | ||
| ㅌ | | ㅌ | ||
! | |||
| s | | s | ||
| ㅅ | | ㅅ | ||
| | ! | ||
| x | |||
| ㅋ | | ㅋ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! voiced | ! voiced | ||
| v | | v | ||
| ㅹ | | ㅹ | ||
! | |||
| ð | | ð | ||
| ㅿ<sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup> | | ㅿ<sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup> | ||
! | |||
| z | | z | ||
| ㅆ | | ㅆ | ||
! | |||
| ƣ | | ƣ | ||
| ㅊ<sup>{{Color|red|4}}</sup> | | ㅊ<sup>{{Color|red|4}}</sup> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! voiceless | ! rowspan="2" | Sonorants | ||
! voiceless | |||
| m̃ | | m̃ | ||
| ㅱ<sup>{{Color|red|5}}</sup> | | ㅱ<sup>{{Color|red|5}}</sup> | ||
! | |||
| ɫ | | ɫ | ||
| ᄛ<sup>{{Color|red|6}}</sup> | | ᄛ<sup>{{Color|red|6}}</sup> | ||
! | |||
| r | | r | ||
| ㄴ | | ㄴ | ||
! | |||
| h | | h | ||
| ㅎ | | ㅎ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! voiced | ! voiced | ||
| m | | m | ||
| ㅁ | | ㅁ | ||
! | |||
| l | | l | ||
| ㄹ<sup>{{Color|red|7}}</sup> | | ㄹ<sup>{{Color|red|7}}</sup> | ||
! | |||
| n | | n | ||
| ㅥ<sup>{{Color|red|8}}</sup><br>ㅇ<sup>{{Color|red|9}}</sup> | | ㅥ<sup>{{Color|red|8}}</sup><br>ㅇ<sup>{{Color|red|9}}</sup> | ||
! | |||
| ȝ | | ȝ | ||
| <sup>{{Color|red|10}}</sup> | | <sup>{{Color|red|10}}</sup> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! labialization | |||
! | ! | ||
| sʷ | | sʷ | ||
| <sup>{{Color|red|11}}</sup> | | <sup>{{Color|red|11}}</sup> | ||
|- | |||
! palatalization | |||
! | |||
| sʲ | | sʲ | ||
| <sup>{{Color|red|12}}</sup> | | <sup>{{Color|red|12}}</sup> | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Notes=== | ===Notes=== | ||
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# Since /ɾ̥/ is paired with /n/ in Senjecas, rieul <ㄹ> is assigned the value /l/. | # Since /ɾ̥/ is paired with /n/ in Senjecas, rieul <ㄹ> is assigned the value /l/. | ||
# Since /ɾ̥/ is paired with /n/ in Senjecas, /n/ as the voiced member of the pair is the doubled consonant. | # Since /ɾ̥/ is paired with /n/ in Senjecas, /n/ as the voiced member of the pair is the doubled consonant. | ||
# The phoneme /n/ is the only one for which I use two jamo, for two reasons. One, there are no syllable blocks with <ㅥ> as the coda. And two, I like the looks of it! | # The phoneme /n/ is the only one for which I use two jamo, for two reasons. One, there are no syllable blocks with <ㅥ> as the coda. And two, I like the looks of it! Perhaps the Sefdaanians used /ŋ/ when the /n/ was a syllable coda! | ||
# Since /j/ never occurs as a coda, there is no need for a jamo for <ȝ>. When <ȝ> is initial, ''ieung'' before a vowel is used, ''e.g.'', '''ȝı̋ta''', evening 의다. | # Since /j/ never occurs as a coda, there is no need for a jamo for <ȝ>. When <ȝ> is initial, ''ieung'' before a vowel is used, ''e.g.'', '''ȝı̋ta''', evening 의다. | ||
# Labialization is indicated by using the labialized consonants, ''e.g.'', si, 시; swi, 쉬. | # Labialization is indicated by using the labialized consonants, ''e.g.'', si, 시; swi, 쉬. | ||
# Palatalization is indicated by using the palatalized consonants, ''e.g.'', sa, 사; sya, 샤. | # Palatalization is indicated by using the palatalized consonants, ''e.g.'', sa, 사; sya, 샤. | ||
==Vowels== | ==Vowels== | ||
Revision as of 13:32, 15 February 2020
Pronunciation table
| p | b | f | v | m̃ | m | t | d | þ | ð | ɫ | l | ṡ | ż | s | z | r | n | k | g | x | ƣ | h | ȝ | š | s̨ | i | e | a | ǫ | o | u | ĭ | ĕ | ŭ | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| /p/ | /b/ | /ɸ/ | /β/ | /m̥/ | /m/ | /t/ | /d/ | /θ/ | /ð/ | /l̥/ | /l/ | /ʦ/ | /ʣ/ | /s/ | /z/ | /ɾ̥/ | /n/ | /k/ | /g/ | /ç/ | /ʝ/ | /j̊/ | /j/ | /sʷ/ | /sʲ/ | /i/ | /e/ | /ä/ | /ɒ/ | /o/ | /u/ | /ɪ/ | /ɛ/ | /ʊ/ |
Consonants
| peműko (labial) |
riisűko (dental) |
muitűko (alveolar) |
vainűko (palatal) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stops | voiceless | p | ㅂ | t | ㄷ | ṡ | ㅈ2 | k | ㄱ | |||
| voiced | b | ㅃ1 | d | ㄸ | ż | ㅉ | g | ㄲ | ||||
| Fricatives | voiceless | f | ㅸ | þ | ㅌ | s | ㅅ | x | ㅋ | |||
| voiced | v | ㅹ | ð | ㅿ3 | z | ㅆ | ƣ | ㅊ4 | ||||
| Sonorants | voiceless | m̃ | ㅱ5 | ɫ | ᄛ6 | r | ㄴ | h | ㅎ | |||
| voiced | m | ㅁ | l | ㄹ7 | n | ㅥ8 ㅇ9 |
ȝ | 10 | ||||
| labialization | sʷ | 11 | ||||||||||
| palatalization | sʲ | 12 | ||||||||||
Notes
- A doubled jamo represents the voiced member of the pair (Wikipedia: "In the original Korean alphabet system, double letters were used to represent Chinese voiced consonants...").
- Jieut <ㅈ> /ʨ/ does not exist in Senjecas, so the jamo is assigned the value /ʦ/, with ssangjieut representing the voiced member /ʣ/.
- A twin tieut <ㅌ> does not exist, so the North Korean jamo bansiot <ㅿ> is assigned the value of /ð/. It is pronounced /t/ before a consonant in North Korea.
- A twin kieuk <ㅋ> does not exist, so the last remaining consonant <ㅊ> /ch/ is assigned the value /ɣ/.
- The obsolete consonant <ㅱ>, /w/, from the Chinese rime table is assigned to /m̥/.
- By analogy with <ㅱ>, <ᄛ> is assigned to represent /l̥/.
- Since /ɾ̥/ is paired with /n/ in Senjecas, rieul <ㄹ> is assigned the value /l/.
- Since /ɾ̥/ is paired with /n/ in Senjecas, /n/ as the voiced member of the pair is the doubled consonant.
- The phoneme /n/ is the only one for which I use two jamo, for two reasons. One, there are no syllable blocks with <ㅥ> as the coda. And two, I like the looks of it! Perhaps the Sefdaanians used /ŋ/ when the /n/ was a syllable coda!
- Since /j/ never occurs as a coda, there is no need for a jamo for <ȝ>. When <ȝ> is initial, ieung before a vowel is used, e.g., ȝı̋ta, evening 의다.
- Labialization is indicated by using the labialized consonants, e.g., si, 시; swi, 쉬.
- Palatalization is indicated by using the palatalized consonants, e.g., sa, 사; sya, 샤.
Vowels
| front | near-front | center | near-back | back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| short | long | short | long | short | long | |||
| close | i - ㅣ/이 | ii -ㅣᆞ/이ᆞ1 | u - ㅜ/우 | uu - ㅜᆞ/우ᆞ | ||||
| near-close | ĭ - ㅡ2 | ŭ - ㅡ | ||||||
| close-mid | e - ㅔ/에 | ee - ㅔᆞ/에ᆞ | o - ㅗ/오 | oo - ㅗᆞ/오ᆞ | ||||
| mid | ĕ - ㅐ3 | |||||||
| open | a - ㅏ/아 | aa - ㅏᆞ/아ᆞ | ǫ - ㅓ/어4 | ǫǫ - ㅓᆞ/어ᆞ | ||||
Notes
- 1. A long vowel is indicated by a dot <ᆞ> after the jamo, e.g., na̋a̋ȝe, dog, ㅥㅓᆞ예; űűra, craft, 우ᆞ나.
- 2. The "weak vowels" <ĭ> and <ŭ> are only used for reduplication, the perfect tenses of verbs and the comparative of adjectives. Since they are not interchangeable, <ĭ> when the root vowel is front and <ŭ> when the root vowel is back, there is no confusion in their use, so I'm using the same jamo for both, e.g., me̋e̋i, many, 메ᆞ이; mĭme̋e̋i, more, 므메ᆞ이; pűla, divide, 부라; pŭpűla, has divided, 브부라 . The past tenses use the prefix e-, e-pŭpűla, had divided, 에브부라 .
- 3. The letter ae <ㅐ> /æ/ is assigned the value /ɛ/. This sound is used in making compounds to avoid unallowed compound clusters, e.g., ma̋nka, mutilate, 망가; ma̋nkĕra, 망개나, mutilation.
- 4. The jamo <ㅓ> eo /˄/ is reassigned the value /ɔ/.
