Sefdaanian Ethnography Chapter 2 - Time: Difference between revisions
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! align=center | 12/22 | ! align=center | 12/22 | ||
| align=center | '''sigf̨a̋ga'''<br>''' | | align=center | '''sigf̨a̋ga'''<br>'''ȝoinf̨a̋ga''' | ||
| align=center | tur '''kı̋te'''<br>Capricorn | | align=center | tur '''kı̋te'''<br>Capricorn | ||
| align=center | air '''ga̋a̋lo''' | | align=center | air '''ga̋a̋lo''' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! align=center | 3/22 | ! align=center | 3/22 | ||
| align=center | '''tivf̨a̋ga'''<br>''' | | align=center | '''tivf̨a̋ga'''<br>'''tilf̨a̋ga''' | ||
| align=center | horse '''mőre'''<br>Aries | | align=center | horse '''mőre'''<br>Aries | ||
| align=center | fire '''a̋a̋þe''' | | align=center | fire '''a̋a̋þe''' | ||
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! align=center | 10/18 | ! align=center | 10/18 | ||
| align=center | ''' | | align=center | '''gusf̨a̋ga'''<br> | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| align=center | stone '''ta̋a̋ino''' | | align=center | stone '''ta̋a̋ino''' |
Revision as of 12:52, 13 December 2019
Pronunciation table
p | b | f | v | m̃ | m | t | d | þ | ð | ɫ | l | ṡ | ż | s | z | r | n | k | g | x | ƣ | h | ȝ | š | s̨ | i | e | a | ǫ | o | u | ĭ | ĕ | ŭ | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
/p/ | /b/ | /ɸ/ | /β/ | /m̥/ | /m/ | /t/ | /d/ | /θ/ | /ð/ | /l̥/ | /l/ | /ʦ/ | /ʣ/ | /s/ | /z/ | /ɾ̥/ | /n/ | /k/ | /g/ | /ç/ | /ʝ/ | /j̊/ | /j/ | /sʷ/ | /sʲ/ | /i/ | /e/ | /ä/ | /ɒ/ | /o/ | /u/ | /ɪ/ | /ɛ/ | /ʊ/ |
Written history - ȝa̋raþa festĕsa̋a̋r̈a
- The Loquent Peoples have no written accounts of historical facts. There is, however, a detailed mythology of their creation which is related in Chapter 8 – Faith.
Calendar - áhluxta̋ga
- The Sefdaanian calendar system was devised by Ȝumm̃a̋ku Ma̋nu, the archimage of astronomy. Both the solar cycle and the lunar cycle are used in the ancient original calendar, without an attempt to reconcile the two. The solar cycle is used to number the months, to mark the solar festivals and to establish dates, whereas the lunar cycle is used exclusively for marking the semimonthly lunar celebrations.
The Eons and the Eras - ȝı̋kask̬e þ̨űdask̬e
- Sefdaanian history/mythology is divided into seven eons (ȝı̋ka) of ~225,000,000 years each.
- The First Eon was that of Yumu (ȝumȝı̋ka), the Self-existent (mi-ese̋ntu), the Ancient-One-Who-Is (sénese̋ntu) and, in reality, stretches back eternally. At the end of that eon, he created light.
- The Second Eon was that of light (f̨oþȝı̋ka). At the end of the Second Eon, he created the cosmos.
- The Third Eon was that of the cosmos (órmoþtĕȝı̋ka). At the end of the Third Eon, he created the elements.
- The Fourth Eon was that of the elements (þééxesȝı̋ka). At the end of the Fourth Eon, he created the sentient beings.
- The Fifth Eon was that of the sentient beings (útantĕȝı̋ka). At the end of the Fifth Eon, he created the loquent beings.
- The Sixth Eon was that of the loquent beings (sám̃antĕȝı̋ka). The Sixth Eon is divided into six eras (þ̨űda) of 26,000 years each. At the beginning of each era, he created one of the loquent beings.
- The First Era was that of the Ethrans (gáál̨onþ̨űda), the Children of Air, 200,000 BP.
- The Second Era was that of the Pyrans (ááþ̨onþ̨űda), the Children of Fire, 174,000 BP.
- The Third Era was that of the Hydorans (hur̨onþ̨űda), the Children of Water, 148,000 BP.
- The Fourth Era was that of the Humans (tál̨onþ̨űda), the Children of Earth, 122,000 BP.
- The Fifth Era was that of the Xylans (máát̨onþ̨űda), the Children of Wood, 96,000 BP.
- The Sixth Era was that of the Lithans (tááin̨onþ̨űda), the Children of Stone, 70,000 BP. It was during this Era that the Great Sundering (mezpűla) occurred, during which many fell out of harmony.
- After the Great Sundering the Seventh Eon began, the Final Eon (muƣȝı̋ka), the one in which we live today. This Seventh Eon extends as far into the future as the First Eon extends back into the past.
The Solar Cycle – suulmőda
- The solar year begins at the winter solstice (hemsűka) and must begin on ilma̋ha.
- Each of the twelve solar months (f̨a̋ga) consists of five six-day weeks (saaða̋ha). As this gives a total of only 360 days, an intercalary week (m̃óóƣpena̋ha) of five days is added after the twelfth month. In a leap year (iþdı̋la) this intercalary week has six days (m̃óóƣsaaða̋ha).
The Seasons - ȝe̋e̋ra
- The solar year is divided into six seasons (ȝe̋e̋ra), each consisting of two periods of approximately 45 days. These ȝe̋e̋ras begin every 30° on the ecliptic (suulf̨őőlo).
- The underlined names are those used when only four seasons are recognized.
- he̋ma (winter) 11/23-1/20 – cold to freezing; heavy snow, sometimes sleet or rain; heavy cloud cover most of the time.
- kı̋ða (late-winter) 1/21-3/20 – rising temperature with melting of ice and snow; frequent and heavy rain with heavy cloud cover; plants begin to flower, trees to leaf.
- ke̋sa (spring) 3/21-5/21 – temperature continues to rise; ground begins to dry out; plants are in full bloom and leaf; increased sun and wind; warm days and cool nights.
- le̋e̋ta (summer) 5/22-7/22 – hot and dry; rains infrequently with little cloud cover; grass turns brown.
- kűűra (late-summer) 7/23-9/23 – cooler; clouds in morning and evening often with light rain; leaves begin to change color; crops ready to harvest.
- ı̋pa (autumn) 9/24-11/22 – temperature continues to fall; leaves begin to fall; increasing rainfall; crisp nights with frost in the morning.
- Eight celebrations are held in conjunction with the solar year:
- ↓ = number of days until the next celebration.
winter solstice | hemsűka | 12/22 | 0° | 42 days↓ |
---|---|---|---|---|
spring festival | kiðsa̋rno | 2/2 | 45° | 46 days↓ |
vernal equinox | kiðpa̋ra | 3/21 | 90° | 44 days↓ |
early-summer festival | kes̈a̋rno | 5/5 | 135° | 46 days↓ |
summer solstice | leeþsűka | 6/21 | 180° | 47 days↓ |
autumn festival | kuursa̋rno | 8/6 | 225° | 48 days↓ |
early-winter equinox | ifpa̋ra | 9/23 | 270° | 44 days↓ |
early-winter festival | ifsa̋rno | 11/5 | 315° | 45 days↓ |
- The dates of these cross-quarter days do not coincide with those of the contemporary festivals.
The Solar Months - f̨a̋ga
- The agrarian Peoples (zǫ̋ðm̃us), the three Peoples who grow crops and herd livestock, i.e., the Pyrans, Humans and Lithans, have a twelve-month calendar, the names of which months are taken from the natural world.
The twelve months of the year
Name of month | Translation | Dates | Season |
---|---|---|---|
sigf̨a̋ga | snowstorm month | 12/22-1/20 | |
piiþf̨a̋ga | sap-tapping month | 1/21-2/19 | kiða |
aivf̨a̋ga | grass-sprouting month | 2/20-3/21 | |
ṡaarf̨a̋ga | antler-growing month | 3/22-4/20 | ke̋sa |
nanf̨a̋ga | flower-blooming month | 4/21-5/20 | |
tiiþf̨a̋ga | heating month | 5/21-6/19 | le̋e̋ta |
gaþf̨a̋ga | berry-picking month | 6/20-7/19 | |
b̬aaþf̨a̋ga | velvet-shedding month | 7/20-8/18 | kűűra |
aaxf̨a̋ga | colored-leaf month | 8/19-9/17 | |
ṡaðf̨a̋ga | rutting month | 9/18-10/17 | ı̋fa |
gusf̨a̋ga | leaf-falling month | 10/18-11/16 | |
luuf̨̈a̋ga | snow-falling month | 11/17-12/16 | he̋ma |
m̃óóƣpena̋ha | intercalary week | 12/17-12/21 |
- The Xylans also have a twelve-month calendar, the months of which are named after trees.
Name of month | Translation | Dates | Season |
---|---|---|---|
ȝőinf̨a̋ga | juniper | 12/22-1/20 | |
oim̃f̨a̋ga | wild service tree | 1/21-2/19 | kiða |
s̨ulf̨a̋ga | Swiss pine | 2/20-3/21 | |
tı̋lf̨a̋ga | linden | 3/22-4/20 | ke̋sa |
uƣf̨a̋ga | silver birch | 4/21-5/20 | |
kǫnf̨a̋ga | cornelian cherry | 5/21-6/19 | le̋e̋ta |
xivf̨a̋ga | ash | 6/20-7/19 | |
aizf̨a̋ga | sessile oak | 7/20-8/18 | kűűra |
vaazf̨a̋ga | beech | 8/19-9/17 | |
leezf̨a̋ga | hazelnut | 9/18-10/17 | ı̋ı̋fa |
iim̃f̨a̋ga | yew | 10/18-11/16 | |
toof̨̈a̋ga | elm | 11/17-12/16 | he̋ma |
m̃óóƣpena̋ha | 12/17-12/21 |
System of Dating – ahluka̋m ta̋go
- The days of the months are numbered using the cardinal number with the name of the month in the genitive case. Thus, aaxf̨a̋ga 25th would be aaxf̨aga̋s d̬ófoos pe̋n.
- The years are numbered according to their order in the era or eon. The current era is called the present era and dates from the winter solstice of 42,000 B.C. Thus the year 2018-9, dated from 22 December 2018, is N.T. (N.Þ.) 44,018 N.T. N.Þ. stands for nı̋ka þ̨uda̋s, of the present era.
The Zodiac – þasmőda
- The zodiac is the annual cycle of the sun around the ecliptic. The Ethrans saw in the star arrangements fanciful pictures of the animals that were native to Sefdaania, arranged in a more or less equal distribution around the ecliptic. They divided the ecliptic into twelve domains (a̋a̋ra) of 30° each.
- By the Sefdaanian reckoning, the starting point of the ecliptic is at the winter solstice which is marked 0°, although the vernal equinox is at 0° by contemporary reckoning.
degree | domain | binomial | date |
---|---|---|---|
0° | tur kı̋te | Capra caucasica | 12/22 |
30° | cave bear ȝőlże | †Ursus spelaeus | 1/20 |
60° | golden eagle műire | Aquila chrysaetos | 2/19 |
90° | horse mőre | Equus ferus przewalskii | 3/21 |
120° | hare ṡe̋ṡe | Lepus europaeus | 4/20 |
150° | turtle kűe | Emys orbicularis | 5/21 |
180° | aurochs ta̋ure | †Bos primigenius | 6/21 |
210° | lion bı̋ı̋re | †Panthera leo spelaea | 7/23 |
240° | dragon m̨űde | †Draco volans | 8/24 |
270° | boar epe̋re | Sus scrofa | 9/23 |
300° | squirrel om̃e̋re | Sciurus vulgaris | 10/23 |
330° | salmon la̋ṡe | Salmo labrax | 11/22 |
The Week - saada̋ha
- After the creation of all six of the Loquent Peoples, the days of the week (which were formerly simply numbered) were given the names of the six avatars of Ȝűmu worshipped by each people, in the order of the creation of each people.
- When a seventh day is needed for the contemporary calendar, it is named ilmĕȝı̋ta, Ilmus' eve. The week is then sefa̋ha.
ilma̋ha | Ilmus' day | Ethrans | Sunday |
---|---|---|---|
púúsana̋ha | Puusenus' day | Pyrans | Monday |
neera̋ha | Neerus' day | Hydorans | Tuesday |
tárona̋ha | Taronus' day | Humans | Wednesday |
pérkuna̋ha | Perkunus' day | Xylans | Thursday |
kábeira̋ha | Kabeirus' day | Lithans | Friday |
ilmĕȝı̋ta | Ilmus’ eve | Saturday |
The Day - a̋ha
- All time and calendar references are based on a duodecimal system. The day is divided into 24 sections known as őrdas. The day begins at sunrise (ne̋e̋da). In modern times this is considered to be 6:00 a.m. Each of the hours is named for a flying animal, as follows:
1st hour (6:00 a.m.) | hoopoe | Upupa epops | ópofte̋na |
---|---|---|---|
2nd hour | quail | C. coturnix | réékinte̋na |
3rd hour | grebe | Podiceps cristatus | kuite̋na |
4th hour | stork | C. ciconia | guzte̋na |
5th hour | swan | †Cygnus falconeri | kuuƣte̋na |
6th hour | honey bee | Apis mellifera | viite̋na |
7th hour (noon) | eagle | Aquila heliaca | muirte̋na |
8th hour | swift | A. apus | ƣelte̋na |
9th hour | loon | Gavia immer | axte̋na |
10th hour | heron | Ardea cinerea | rooðte̋na |
11th hour | goose | Anser fabalis | gaarte̋na |
12th hour | butterfly | Papilio machaon | páápilte̋na |
13th hour (6:00 p.m.) | woodpecker | Picus viridis | piixte̋na |
14th hour | snipe | G. gallinago | tiste̋na |
15th hour | kingfisher | Alcedo atthis | ṡéérolte̋na |
16th hour | osprey | Pandion haliaëtus | gaste̋na |
17th hour | nightingale | Luscinia megarhynchos | ám̃eeðte̋na |
18th hour | grasshopper | Chorthippus brunneus | fefte̋na |
19th hour (midnight) | owl | B. bubo | simte̋na |
20th hour | gyrfalcon | Falco rusticolus | árgifte̋na |
21st hour | jay | Garrulus glandarius | ṡeihte̋na |
22nd hour | dove | Columba l. livia | álunte̋na |
23rd hour | mallard | Anas platyrhynchos | naþte̋na |
24th hour | dragonfly | Aeshna juncea | ceérolte̋na |
- The day is comprised of six divisions:
1 | dawn | aaihe̋e̋l̨a | first light to appearance of sun |
---|---|---|---|
2 | morning | a̋a̋ȝa | appearance of sun to noon |
3 | noon | lőuna | |
4 | afternoon | sı̋xa | noon to disappearance of sun |
5 | dusk | ȝiþhe̋e̋l̨a | disappearance of sun to darkness |
6 | night | la̋a̋ta |
- Telling time is always done by addition, never by subtraction; thus, 2:45, not 15 minutes (a quarter) to 3. The hour (őrda) is told by the ordinal number. Thus 2:00 is d̬őta őrda, the second hour. The minutes (te̋nka) are told by the cardinal numbers. Thus 2:45 is d̬őta őrda náálfoos pe̋n, the second hour forty-five. If there are seconds (sa̋mpa), they are added to the minutes using the co-ordinating conjunction. Thus, 2:45:16 is d̬őta őrda náálfoos pe̋nk̬e főősaaðk̬e.
- Keeping time is the task of one of the adepts in each citadel. He is known as the tenpőőþlu, the time guardian. He is also known as the ȝa̋a̋xlu, the chandler. It is solely his task to make candles from the bees' wax, both for lighting and for keeping time.
The Lunar Cycle – zeermőda
- The lunar cycle contains twelve or thirteen months (e̋ida). The first month begins at midnight of the day on which the first crescent of the first full moon after hemsűka is sighted. The other months begin at midnight on the day of the successive new moons. These months are merely numbered: þune̋ida, d̬e̋ida, tire̋ida, etc.
- The lunar months are divided into halves. The waxing moon (m̃ooge̋ida) extends from the date of the new moon to the date of the full moon. The waning moon (pine̋ida) extends from the date of the full moon to the date of the new moon.
Calendar summary - ahlúxtaga̋s ı̋sra
- s° = Sefdaanian degree; c° = contemporary degree.
ahlűka date |
f̨a̋ga month |
þasmődo zodiac |
þeexe̋so element |
na̋no flower |
moðme̋a degree s°/c° |
ȝe̋ra season |
sa̋rno festival |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12/22 | sigf̨a̋ga ȝoinf̨a̋ga |
tur kı̋te Capricorn |
air ga̋a̋lo | hollyhock eba̋ki Alcea rosea |
0°/270° | hemsűka winter solstice | |
1/21 | piiþf̨a̋ga oim̃f̨a̋ga |
bear ve̋re Aquarius |
air ga̋a̋lo | crocus sı̋zi Crocus cartwrightianus |
30°/300° | kı̋ða late winter |
|
2/2 | 45°/315° | kiðsa̋rno late winter festival | |||||
2/20 | ṡerf̨a̋ga s̨ulf̨a̋ga |
eagle műire Pisces |
fire a̋a̋þe | primrose pűi Primula vulgaris |
60°/330° | ||
3/22 | tivf̨a̋ga tilf̨a̋ga |
horse mőre Aries |
fire a̋a̋þe | sloe ṡőőfi Prunus spinosa |
90°/0° | ke̋sa spring |
kespa̋ra vernal equinox |
4/21 | nanf̨a̋ga uƣf̨a̋ga |
hare ṡe̋ṡe Taurus |
water hűro | columbine ṡǫ̋ri Aquilegia vulgaris |
120°/30° | ||
5/5 | 135°/45° | kes̈a̋rno spring festival | |||||
5/22 | tiiþf̨a̋ga |
turtle he̋le Gemini |
water hűro | white water lily la̋a̋ki Nymphaea alba |
150°/60° | le̋e̋ta summer |
|
6/21 | gaþf̨a̋ga |
aurochs ta̋ure Cancer |
earth ta̋le | rose m̃ǫ̋di Rosa rubiginosa |
180°/90° | leeþsűka summer solstice | |
7/20 | b̬aaþf̨a̋ga |
lion bı̋ı̋re Leo |
earth ta̋le | poppy ma̋a̋ki Papaver rhoeas |
210°/120° | kuűra late summer |
|
8/6 | 225°/135° | kuursa̋rno late summer festival | |||||
8/19 | aaxf̨a̋ga |
wood ma̋a̋to | anemone m̃eezı̋di Anemone nemorosa |
||||
8/23 | m̨űde dragon Virgo |
240°/150° | |||||
9/18 | ṡaðf̨a̋ga |
wood ma̋a̋to | |||||
9/23 | boar epe̋re Libra |
lady slipper aṡe̋nti Cypripedium calceolus |
270°/180° | ı̋fa autumn |
ifpa̋ra autumn equinox | ||
10/18 | gusf̨a̋ga |
stone ta̋a̋ino | sweet violet s̨űmi Viola odorata |
||||
10/23 | squirrel om̃e̋re Scorpius |
300°/210° | |||||
11/5 | 315°/225° | ifsa̋rno autumn festival | |||||
11/17 | luuf̨̈a̋ga |
stone ta̋a̋ino | apple abe̋li Malus sylvestris |
||||
11/22 | salmon la̋ṡe Sagittarius |
330°/240° | he̋ma winter |
||||
12/17 | m̃óóƣpena̋ha intercalary |