Drummond's Law: Difference between revisions

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'''Drummond's Law''' (named after the fictional linguist ''Colin Drummond'') is a sound change in the western group of [[Hesperic]].  In West Hesperic, consonants followed by Proto-Hesperic '''*x''' were ''velarized'', with the '''*x''' itself disappearing.  Stops became velar stops, preserving their laryngeal features (e.g., '''*t'x''' > '''*k''''); '''*sx''' became '''*h''', and '''*nx''' became the velar nasal '''*ng'''.  The reflexes of liquids under Drummond's Law vary by branch:
'''Drummond's Law''' (named after the fictional linguist ''Colin Drummond'') is a sound change in the northern group of [[Hesperic]].  In North Hesperic, consonants followed by Proto-Hesperic '''*x''' were ''velarized'', with the '''*x''' itself disappearing.  Stops became velar stops, preserving their laryngeal features (e.g., '''*t'x''' > '''*k''''); '''*sx''' became '''*h''', and '''*nx''' became the velar nasal '''*ng'''.  The reflexes of liquids under Drummond's Law vary by branch:


* In [[Albic]], they became '''*ɣ''' and later '''*g'''.
* In [[Albic]], they became '''*ɣ''' and later '''*g'''.
* In [[Hercynian]], they became '''*ɣ''', conventionally transcribed '''*gh'''.
* In [[Alpianic]], they became sounds transcribed '''*ĺ''' (probably [ɫ]) and '''*ŕ''' (probably [ʀ]).
* In [[Alpianic]], they became sounds transcribed '''*ĺ''' (probably [ɫ]) and '''*ŕ''' (probably [ʀ]).
* Other West Hesperic languages: ''to be determined''.


The semivowels apparently did not change.
The semivowels apparently did not change.


In [[Viddan]], a similar change occured, but there the affected consonants were uvularized rather than velarized, leading to the rise of a uvular series in that language. The East Hesperic languages ([[Valdiska]] and [[Duniscian]]) instead show gemination of consonants followed by '''*x''' except in initial position where the consonant does not change.
The South Hesperic languages did not undergo this change.


==See also==
==See also==


* [[Senantho's Law]] and [[Alfermann's Law]], other named West Hesperic sound laws
* [[Senantho's Law]] and [[Alfermann's Law]], other named North Hesperic sound laws


[[Category:Hesperic]]
[[Category:Hesperic]]

Latest revision as of 06:27, 18 August 2019

Drummond's Law (named after the fictional linguist Colin Drummond) is a sound change in the northern group of Hesperic. In North Hesperic, consonants followed by Proto-Hesperic *x were velarized, with the *x itself disappearing. Stops became velar stops, preserving their laryngeal features (e.g., *t'x > *k'); *sx became *h, and *nx became the velar nasal *ng. The reflexes of liquids under Drummond's Law vary by branch:

  • In Albic, they became *ɣ and later *g.
  • In Hercynian, they became *ɣ, conventionally transcribed *gh.
  • In Alpianic, they became sounds transcribed *ĺ (probably [ɫ]) and *ŕ (probably [ʀ]).

The semivowels apparently did not change.

The South Hesperic languages did not undergo this change.

See also

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