Khangaþyagon Word Order: Difference between revisions
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==Basic word order== | ==Basic word order== | ||
Khangaþyagon's syntax is strongly head-initial | |||
===Basic sentence structure=== | ===Basic sentence structure=== | ||
Word order in sentences is VSO. | Word order in sentences is VSO. As subjects and objects are not distinguished by [[Khangaþyagon_Nouns|morphology]], this does not vary. | ||
''eskri rik glaf'' | |||
{| | |||
|eskr-||i||rik||glaf | |||
|- | |||
|ride||3P||man||horse | |||
|} | |||
The man rides the horse. | |||
===Infinitive clauses=== | ===Infinitive clauses=== | ||
| Line 9: | Line 18: | ||
Infinitives have no subject, so word order in infinitive clauses is VO. | Infinitives have no subject, so word order in infinitive clauses is VO. | ||
=== | ''seguno babal'' | ||
{| | |||
|segun-||o||babal | |||
|- | |||
|follow||INF||butterfly | |||
|} | |||
To follow a butterfly (a wild goose chase) | |||
===Noun phrases=== | |||
The head [[Khangaþyagon_Nouns|noun]] comes first in the noun phrase. It is followed by its dependents in order of weight, lightest first, ''ie'' [[Khangaþyagon_Adjectives|adjectives]], dependent noun phrases, and [[Khangaþyagon_Subordinate_Clauses|subordinate clauses]]. | |||
''glaf tark vlakhmarkuz u peshti yi rissuwani'' | |||
{| | |||
|glaf||tark||vlakh-||mark-||uz||u||pesht-||i||yi||rissu-||wan-||i | |||
|- | |||
|horse||black||folk||chief||GEN||such that||run||3P||3P||fast||ADV||3P | |||
|} | |||
The king's black horse that runs swiftly. | |||
When more than one adjective is present, the ones with the closest semantic association with the head noun (''ie'' those that could most naturally compound with it) occur first, ''ie'' nearest the head. | |||
''khorrhassass kemni mœza'' | |||
{| | |||
|khorr-||hassass||kemni||mœza | |||
|- | |||
|fire||serpent||green||great | |||
|} | |||
The great green dragon. | |||
This is the opposite order to English (where noun phrases are head last) | |||
===Adverbs=== | ===Adverbs=== | ||
| Line 17: | Line 54: | ||
Placement of adverbs and adverbial noun phrases is fairly free, but results in a change of emphasis. An adverb may occur clause initially, after the verb, or clause finally. If the adverb is placed at the beginning of the clause, the adverb itself is emphasised. If it is placed immediately after the verb, its applicability to the verb is emphasised. If it is placed clause finally, its apllicability to the entire clause is emphasised. | Placement of adverbs and adverbial noun phrases is fairly free, but results in a change of emphasis. An adverb may occur clause initially, after the verb, or clause finally. If the adverb is placed at the beginning of the clause, the adverb itself is emphasised. If it is placed immediately after the verb, its applicability to the verb is emphasised. If it is placed clause finally, its apllicability to the entire clause is emphasised. | ||
{{NavBar|Back_dest=Khangaþyagon Morphology|Back_name=Morphology|Up_dest=Khangaþyagon Syntax|Up_name=Syntax|Next_dest=Khangaþyagon | When an adverb qualifies an attributive adjective, it follows the adjective immediately. | ||
{{NavBar|Back_dest=Khangaþyagon Morphology|Back_name=Morphology|Up_dest=Khangaþyagon Syntax|Up_name=Syntax|Next_dest=Khangaþyagon Pronouns|Next_name=Pronouns}} | |||
--[[User:PeteBleackley|PeteBleackley]] 03:54, 1 June 2006 (PDT) | --[[User:PeteBleackley|PeteBleackley]] 03:54, 1 June 2006 (PDT) | ||
Latest revision as of 10:46, 1 August 2019
Basic word order
Khangaþyagon's syntax is strongly head-initial
Basic sentence structure
Word order in sentences is VSO. As subjects and objects are not distinguished by morphology, this does not vary.
eskri rik glaf
| eskr- | i | rik | glaf |
| ride | 3P | man | horse |
The man rides the horse.
Infinitive clauses
Infinitives have no subject, so word order in infinitive clauses is VO.
seguno babal
| segun- | o | babal |
| follow | INF | butterfly |
To follow a butterfly (a wild goose chase)
Noun phrases
The head noun comes first in the noun phrase. It is followed by its dependents in order of weight, lightest first, ie adjectives, dependent noun phrases, and subordinate clauses.
glaf tark vlakhmarkuz u peshti yi rissuwani
| glaf | tark | vlakh- | mark- | uz | u | pesht- | i | yi | rissu- | wan- | i |
| horse | black | folk | chief | GEN | such that | run | 3P | 3P | fast | ADV | 3P |
The king's black horse that runs swiftly.
When more than one adjective is present, the ones with the closest semantic association with the head noun (ie those that could most naturally compound with it) occur first, ie nearest the head.
khorrhassass kemni mœza
| khorr- | hassass | kemni | mœza |
| fire | serpent | green | great |
The great green dragon.
This is the opposite order to English (where noun phrases are head last)
Adverbs
Placement of adverbs and adverbial noun phrases is fairly free, but results in a change of emphasis. An adverb may occur clause initially, after the verb, or clause finally. If the adverb is placed at the beginning of the clause, the adverb itself is emphasised. If it is placed immediately after the verb, its applicability to the verb is emphasised. If it is placed clause finally, its apllicability to the entire clause is emphasised.
When an adverb qualifies an attributive adjective, it follows the adjective immediately.
| Back | Up | Next |
|---|---|---|
| Morphology | Syntax | Pronouns |
--PeteBleackley 03:54, 1 June 2006 (PDT)
