Senjecas - last: Difference between revisions

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m (Font size changed. Corrections. Glossing table updated.)
m (Revisions. Glossing chart updated.)
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==Glossing abbreviations==
==Glossing abbreviations==
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|1s/p = first person singular/plural
|1s/p = 1st person singular/plural
|V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)
|ABL = [[Wikipedia:Ablative case|ablative suffix]]
|COL = [[Wikipedia:Collective noun|collective]]
|COL = [[Wikipedia:Collective noun|collective]]
|EQU = equative degree
|EQU = equative degree
|INS = instrument
|INS = instrument
|PST = past
|PRF = perfect
|SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
|-
|-
|2s/p = second person singular/plural
|2s/p = 2nd person singular/plural
|ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)
|ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)
|CONV = conversive
|CONV = conversive
|F = feminine
|F = feminine
|INT = intensive prefix
|INT = intensive prefix
|Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
|PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
|TRZ = transitivizer
|-
|-
|
|3 = 3rd person
|ADV = adverb
|ADV = adverb
|DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
|DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
|FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
|FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
|M = masculine
|LAT = [[Wikipedia:Lative case|lative suffix]]
|QUOT = direct quotation
|PST = past
|VOC = vocative particle
|-
|-
|
|A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
|AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
|AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
|DIM = diminutive
|DIM = diminutive
|FUT = future
|FUT = future
|OCC = occupation suffix
|LOC = [[Wikipedia:Locative case|locative suffix]]
|RPRF = recent perfective
|Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
|
|-
|-
|A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
|G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
|AP = agent (active) participle
|AP = agent (active) participle
|ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
|ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
|IMP = imperative
|IMP = imperative
|PP = patient (past) participle
|M = masculine
|SBJ = subjunctive
|QUOT = direct quotation
|
|-
|-
|G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
|N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
|AUG = augmentative
|AUG = augmentative
|EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
|ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative case|elative]]
|INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
|INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
|PRF = perfect
|OCC = occupation suffix
|SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
|RPR = recent perfective
|
|-
|-
|N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
|V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)
|CAUS = [[Wikipedia:Causative|causative]]
|CAUS = [[Wikipedia:Causative|causative]]
|ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative case|elative]]
|EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
|IND = indicative
|IND = indicative
|PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
|PP = patient (past) participle
|VBLZ = verbalizer
|SBJ = subjunctive
|
|}
|}


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*'''3.''' '''lűűsa''' - shape shoes
*'''3.''' '''lűűsa''' - shape shoes
*The cobbler lasts the shoes that he makes.
*The cobbler lasts the shoes that he makes.
*'''þaav̈a̋a̋nlu þa̋von—táon éȝu va̋a̋na—lűűsa:'''
*'''þaav̈a̋a̋nlu þa̋a̋von—táon va̋a̋na—lűűsa:'''
:{|
:{|
!þaav-va̋a̋n-l-u||þa̋v-on||tá-on||éȝ-u||va̋a̋n-a||lűűs-a
!þaav-va̋a̋n-l-u||þa̋a̋v-on||tá-on||va̋a̋n-a||lűűs-a
|-
|-
|shoe-make-AG-N.s||shoe-A.p||which-A.p||he-N.s||make-IND||last-IND
|shoe-make-AG-N.s||shoe-A.p||which-A.p||make-IND||last-IND
|}
|}


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*'''4.''' '''műgi''' - final, ultimate
*'''4.''' '''műgi''' - final, ultimate
*That was the last time his wife saw him.
*That was the last time his wife saw him.
*'''na—ȝa eȝu-kőzu éȝum e-na̋ka—műga ke̋e̋sa e-e̋sa:'''
*'''na műga ke̋e̋sa e-e̋sa—ȝa eȝu-kőzu éȝum e-na̋ka:'''
:{|
:{|
!n-a||ȝa||eȝu=kőz-u||éȝ-um||e=na̋k-a||műga-Ø||ke̋e̋s-a||e=e̋s-a
!n-a||műga-Ø||ke̋e̋s-a||e=e̋s-a||ȝa||eȝu=kőz-u||éȝ-um||e=na̋k-a
|-
|-
|that-N.s||that||his=wife-N.s||he-A.s||PST=see-IND||last-ABS||time-N.s||PST=be-IND
|that-N.s||last-ABS||time-N.s||PST=be-IND||that||his=wife-N.s||3-A.s||PST=see-IND
|}
|}


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!bisa̋r-o||nĭ~ne̋ba-Ø||kees-a̋s||ȝa||m-u||éȝ-um||e=na̋k-a||eȝ-ús||o||e=e̋s-a
!bisa̋r-o||nĭ~ne̋ba-Ø||kees-a̋s||ȝa||m-u||éȝ-um||e=na̋k-a||eȝ-ús||o||e=e̋s-a
|-
|-
|beard-N.s||ELT~last-ABS||time-G.s||that||1s.N||he-A.s||PST=see-IND||he-G.s||to||PST=be-IND
|beard-N.s||ELT~last-ABS||time-G.s||that||1s.N||3-A.s||PST=see-IND||3-G.s||to||PST=be-IND
|}
|}


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!éȝ-u||lĭlísu||na̋mu-Ø||hőm-u||tá-um||m-u||nus-e̋ȝa||e̋s-a
!éȝ-u||lĭlísu||na̋mu-Ø||hőm-u||tá-um||m-u||nus-e̋ȝa||e̋s-a
|-
|-
|he-N.s||least||likely-ABS||person-N.s||who-A.s||1s-N||suspect-SBJ||be-IND
|3-N.s||least||likely-ABS||person-N.s||who-A.s||1s-N||suspect-SBJ||be-IND
|}
|}


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*'''7.''' '''műgi''' - only one of its class
*'''7.''' '''műgi''' - only one of its class
*The hunters killed the last wolf in the valley.
*The hunters killed the last wolf in the valley.
*'''ve̋e̋ðlus műgem leðős éna m̃a̋ilem e-ka̋a̋da:'''
*'''ve̋e̋ðlus műge leðős éna m̃a̋ilem e-ka̋a̋da:'''
:{|
:{|
!ve̋e̋ð-l-us||műg-em||leð-ős||éna||m̃a̋il-em||e=ka̋a̋d-a
!ve̋e̋ð-l-us||műge-Ø||leð-ős||éna||m̃a̋il-em||e=ka̋a̋d-a
|-
|-
|hunter-AG-N.p||last-A.s||valley-G.p||in||wolf-A.s||PST=kill-IND
|hunter-AG-N.p||last-A.s||valley-G.p||in||wolf-A.s||PST=kill-IND
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*'''ne̋sku sŭsűpo dinős túȝa sa̋a̋aþu ı̋lu e-ke̋la:'''
*'''ne̋sku sŭsűpo dinős túȝa sa̋a̋aþu ı̋lu e-ke̋la:'''
*The girl had to be satisfied with the last prize.
*The girl had to be satisfied with the last prize.
:{|
:{|
!ne̋sk-u||sŭ~sűpo-Ø||din-ős||túȝa||sa̋a̋-a-þ-u||ı̋l-u||e=ke̋l-a
!ne̋sk-u||sŭ~sűpo-Ø||din-ős||túȝa||sa̋a̋-a-þ-u||ı̋l-u||e=ke̋l-a
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==Adverb==
==Adverb==
*'''11.''' '''nĭnévi''' - most recently
*'''11.''' '''nĭnév̈i''' - most recently
*He insulted me when last we met.
*He insulted me when last we met.
*'''éȝu mum e-poőra—méti m̃us nĭnév̈i e-pa̋na:'''
*'''éȝu mum e-poőra—méti m̃us nĭnév̈i e-pa̋na:'''
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!éȝ-u||m-um||e=poőr-a||méti||m̃-us||nĭ~név=vi||e=pa̋n-a
!éȝ-u||m-um||e=poőr-a||méti||m̃-us||nĭ~név=vi||e=pa̋n-a
|-
|-
|he-N.s||1s-A||PST=insult-IND||when||1p-N||ELT~recent=ADV||PST=meet-IND
|3-N.s||1s-A||PST=insult-IND||when||1p-N||ELT~recent=ADV||PST=meet-IND
|}
|}


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!éȝ-u||bőn-om||e=aðne̋e̋m-a||ésti||múƣ=vi||e=þűka
!éȝ-u||bőn-om||e=aðne̋e̋m-a||ésti||múƣ=vi||e=þűka
|-
|-
|he.N.s||race-A.s||PST=enter||but||last=ADV||PST=complete
|3.N.s||race-A.s||PST=enter||but||last=ADV||PST=complete
|}
|}

Revision as of 16:55, 27 June 2019

Pronunciation table

p b f v m̃ m t d þ ð ɫ l ṡ ż s z r n k g x ƣ h ȝ š s̨ i e a ǫ o u ĭ ĕ ŭ
/p/ /b/ /ɸ/ /β/ /m̥/ /m/ /t/ /d/ /θ/ /ð/ /l̥/ /l/ /ʦ/ /ʣ/ /s/ /z/ /ɾ̥/ /n/ /k/ /g/ /ç/ /ʝ/ /j̊/ /j/ /sʷ/ /sʲ/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /ɒ/ /o/ /u/ /ɪ/ /ɛ/ /ʊ/


Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = 1st person singular/plural ABL = ablative suffix COL = collective EQU = equative degree INS = instrument PRF = perfect SUP = supine
2s/p = 2nd person singular/plural ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective) CONV = conversive F = feminine INT = intensive prefix PRV = privative prefix TRZ = transitivizer
3 = 3rd person ADV = adverb DES = desiderative FRQ = frequentative LAT = lative suffix PST = past VOC = vocative particle
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural) AG = agent DIM = diminutive FUT = future LOC = locative suffix Q = interrogative particle
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural) AP = agent (active) participle ELIS = elision IMP = imperative M = masculine QUOT = direct quotation
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural) AUG = augmentative ELT = elative INC = inchoative OCC = occupation suffix RPR = recent perfective
V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural) CAUS = causative EP = epenthesis IND = indicative PP = patient (past) participle SBJ = subjunctive


Verb

  • 1. še̋da - endure, continue over time
  • The children seem happy now, but that won't last long.
  • ṡı̋ṡus ímu ka̋itus ka̋ȝa. ésti no dóm̃' u-še̋da ne:
ṡı̋ṡ-us ímu ka̋it-us ka̋ȝ-a ésti n-o dóm̃-' u=še̋d-a ne
child-N.p now happy-N.p seem-IND but that-N.s long FUT=continue-IND not


  • 2. t̬ı̋ɫa - hold out, continue undefeated
  • The army won't last without reinforcements
  • őmu m̃ooƣṡaþm̃ű' sána u-t̬ı̋ɫa ne:
őm-u m̃ooƣ-ṡaþm̃-ű-' sána u=t̬ı̋ɫ-a ne
army-N.s additional-troops-G.s-ELIS without FUT=last-IND not


  • 3. lűűsa - shape shoes
  • The cobbler lasts the shoes that he makes.
  • þaav̈a̋a̋nlu þa̋a̋von—táon va̋a̋na—lűűsa:
þaav-va̋a̋n-l-u þa̋a̋v-on tá-on va̋a̋n-a lűűs-a
shoe-make-AG-N.s shoe-A.p which-A.p make-IND last-IND


Adjective

  • 4. műgi - final, ultimate
  • That was the last time his wife saw him.
  • na műga ke̋e̋sa e-e̋sa—ȝa eȝu-kőzu éȝum e-na̋ka:
n-a műga-Ø ke̋e̋s-a e=e̋s-a ȝa eȝu=kőz-u éȝ-um e=na̋k-a
that-N.s last-ABS time-N.s PST=be-IND that his=wife-N.s 3-A.s PST=see-IND


  • 5. nĭne̋bi - most recent, latest
  • The last time I saw him he had a beard.
  • bisa̋ro nĭne̋ba keesa̋s—ȝa mu éȝum e-na̋ka—eȝús o e-e̋sa:
bisa̋r-o nĭ~ne̋ba-Ø kees-a̋s ȝa m-u éȝ-um e=na̋k-a eȝ-ús o e=e̋s-a
beard-N.s ELT~last-ABS time-G.s that 1s.N 3-A.s PST=see-IND 3-G.s to PST=be-IND


  • 6. lĭlísu na̋mi - most unlikely, least preferable
  • éȝu lĭlísu na̋mu hőmu—táum mu nuse̋ȝa—e̋sa:
  • He is the last person I would suspect.
éȝ-u lĭlísu na̋mu-Ø hőm-u tá-um m-u nus-e̋ȝa e̋s-a
3-N.s least likely-ABS person-N.s who-A.s 1s-N suspect-SBJ be-IND


  • 7. műgi - only one of its class
  • The hunters killed the last wolf in the valley.
  • ve̋e̋ðlus műge leðős éna m̃a̋ilem e-ka̋a̋da:
ve̋e̋ð-l-us műge-Ø leð-ős éna m̃a̋il-em e=ka̋a̋d-a
hunter-AG-N.p last-A.s valley-G.p in wolf-A.s PST=kill-IND


  • 8. sŭsűpi - lowest in rank or degree
  • ne̋sku sŭsűpo dinős túȝa sa̋a̋aþu ı̋lu e-ke̋la:
  • The girl had to be satisfied with the last prize.
ne̋sk-u sŭ~sűpo-Ø din-ős túȝa sa̋a̋-a-þ-u ı̋l-u e=ke̋l-a
girl-N.s ELT~low-ABS prize-G.s with satisfy-IND-PP-N.s become-SUP PST=had.to-IND


  • 9. hes- - immediately before the present
  • Last night the moon was full.
  • b̨a̋a̋ge hesȝita̋s e-vűűa:
b̨a̋a̋g-e hes=ȝit-a̋s e=vűű-a
full.moon-N.s yester=evening-G.s PST=be-IND


  • 10. fe̋si – closest to a week ago
  • It's Wednesday, and the party was last Tuesday
  • tárona̋ha e̋sa da sa̋rno fe̋sa neeraha̋s e-e̋sa:
tárona̋h-a e̋s-a da sa̋rn-o fe̋sa-Ø neerah-a̋s e=e̋s-a
Wednesday-N.s be-IND and feast-N.s last-ABS Tuesday-G.s PST=be-IND


Adverb

  • 11. nĭnév̈i - most recently
  • He insulted me when last we met.
  • éȝu mum e-poőra—méti m̃us nĭnév̈i e-pa̋na:
éȝ-u m-um e=poőr-a méti m̃-us nĭ~név=vi e=pa̋n-a
3-N.s 1s-A PST=insult-IND when 1p-N ELT~recent=ADV PST=meet-IND


  • 12. múƣvi - after everything else, finally
  • He entered the race, but came in last.
  • éȝu bőnom e-aðne̋e̋ma—ésti múƣvi e-þűka:
éȝ-u bőn-om e=aðne̋e̋m-a ésti múƣ=vi e=þűka
3.N.s race-A.s PST=enter but last=ADV PST=complete
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