User:Melroch/Rhodrese: Difference between revisions

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m (Added "Vowels" heading)
(→‎Vowels: New elaborated table with notes)
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{| class="gridtable"
{| class="gridtable"
|+ Stressed vowels
|+ Stressed vowels
! Latin  
|-
! VL  
!   Latin
! W. Rmc.  
!   VL
! No mut.
!   W. Rmc.{{Note|1}}
! a-mut.  
! No mut.
! i-mut  
!   a-mut.{{Note|2}}
! a/i-mut.
!   i-mut
! u-mut.  
! a/i-mut.{{Note|3}}
|-  
!   u-mut.
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ī''
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ị''
| rowspan="2" | ''ī''
| ''ĭ''
| rowspan="2" | ''ị''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''i''
| ''ĭ''
| rowspan="2" | ''i''
|  ''e''
| style="background-color: gray;" | n/a
| ''e''
| ''e''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''i''
| rowspan="2" |  ''iu > eu'' {{IPA|/y/}}{{Note|4}}
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''iu > eu'' {{IPA|/y/}}  
|-
''
|  ''ī''
|-  
| '' ei > ai''
| ''ī''
| rowspan="5" | ''i''
| ''ie''
| ''ei > ai''
|-  
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ĭ''
| rowspan="2" |  ''ĭ,  ē''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''į''
| rowspan="2" | ''ẹ''
| ''ẹ̆''
|  ''ẹ̆''
|  ''e''
| style="background-color: gray;"  rowspan="10" style="background-color: gray;" | n/a
| rowspan="4" style="background-color: gray;" | n/a
| rowspan="2" | ''oe'' {{IPA|/ø/}} ''> e''{{Note|5}}
|-
| ''ẹ̄''
| ''ei > ai''
|-
| rowspan="2" |  ''ĕ''
| rowspan="2" | ''ę''
|  ''ę̆''
|  ''e''
|  ''oe''> e
|-
|  ''ę̄''
|  ''ie''
|  ''ue ''
''{{IPA|/yø/ > /ye/}}''
|-
| rowspan="2" |  ''ă, ā''
| rowspan="2" | ''a''
| ''ă''
|  ''a''
| colspan="2" |  ''ae ''{{IPA|/æ/}}'' > e''{{Note|5}}
|  ''o''
|-
| ''ā''
| ''ea > ia''{{Note|6}}
| ''ie''{{Note|7}}
| ''e''
| ''e''
| ''e''
| ''oa > ua''{{Note|6}}
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''i''
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''oe
| rowspan="2" | ''ŏ''
''{{IPA|/ø/}} ''>
| rowspan="2" | ''ǫ''
e''
| ''ǫ̆''
|-  
| ''o''
| ''ẹ̄''
| colspan="2" | ''oe > e''
| ''ei''
| rowspan="6" style="background-color: gray;" | n/a
| ''ie''
|-
|-
| ''ǭ''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ē''
| ''uo''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ẹ''
| ''ue''
| ''ẹ̆''
| oe > e
| ''e''
|-
| ''e''
| rowspan="2" | ''ŭ, ō''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''i''
| rowspan="2" | ''ọ''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''oe'' > e''
| ''ọ̆''
|-
| ''o''
| ''ẹ̄''
| colspan="2" | ''oe > e''
| ''ei''
|-
| ''ie''
| ''ọ̄''
|-
| ''ou{{Note|8}} > au''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ĕ''
| ''eu''{{Note|9}}
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ę''
| ''ue''
| ''ę̆''
|-
| ''e''
| rowspan="2" | ''ū''
| ''e''
| rowspan="2" | ''ụ''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''i''
| ''ŭ''
| ''oe''> e''
| rowspan="2" | ''u''
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''o''
| ''ę̄''
| rowspan="2" | ''iu > eu''
| ''ie''
| rowspan="2" | ''oe > e''
| ''ie''
|-
| ''ue
| ''ū''
''{{IPA|/yø/ > /ye}}
|-
| ''ă, ā''
| ''a''
| ''a''
| ''a''
| ''a''
| colspan="2" rowspan="1" | ''ae ''{{IPA|/æ/}}'' > e''
| ''o''
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ŏ''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ǫ''
| ''ǫ̆''
| ''o''
| ''o''
| colspan="2" rowspan="1" | ''e''
| ''o''
|-  
| ''ǭ''
| ''uo''
| ''uo''
| colspan="2" rowspan="1" | ''ue''
| ''uo''
|-  
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ō''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ọ''
| ''ọ̆''
| ''o''
| ''o''
| colspan="2" rowspan="1" | ''oe > e''
| ''o''
|-  
| ''ọ̄''
| ''ou''
| ''uo''
| ''eu''
| ''ue''
| ''ou''
|-  
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ŭ''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ų''
| ''ọ̆''
| ''o''
| ''o''
| colspan="2" rowspan="1" | ''oe > e''<br>''
| ''o''
|-
| ''ọ̄''
| ''ou''
| ''uo''
| ''eu''
| ''ue''
| ''ou''
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ū''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ụ''
| ''ŭ''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''u''
| ''o''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''iu > eu''
| ''oe > e''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''u''
|-  
| ''ū''
| ''uo''
| ''ue''
|}
|}


Revision as of 05:12, 12 August 2006

This as yet unnamed Romlang initially has the developments you would expect from a Western Romance language. However at a later time there is vowel mutation by a high or low vowel (a < ă/ā, i < ī, u < ū), with final vowels later being lost, or in the case of -a being reduced to -e [ə]. Somewhat unexpectedly plurals of the first declension show forms as if the a-mutated vowels of the singular had later undergone i-mutation. This most certainly is due to analogy with the second and third declension rather than to a preserved [ai̥] ending — or did an ending pronounced [æ] cause such a 'double' mutation?

Vowels

Stressed vowels
Latin VL W. Rmc.^  No mut. a-mut.^  i-mut a/i-mut.^  u-mut.
ī ị ĭ i e n/a e iu > eu /y/^ 
ī ei > ai i ei > ai
ĭ, ē ẹ ẹ̆ e n/a n/a oe /ø/ > e^ 
ẹ̄ ei > ai
ĕ ę ę̆ e oe> e
ę̄ ie ue

/yø/ > /ye/

ă, ā a ă a ae /æ/ > e^  o
ā ea > ia^  ie^  e oa > ua^ 
ŏ ǫ ǫ̆ o oe > e n/a
ǭ uo ue oe > e
ŭ, ō ọ ọ̆ o oe > e
ọ̄ ou^  > au eu^  ue
ū ụ ŭ u o iu > eu oe > e
ū

Consonants

Consonant correspondences
VL Initial Geminate Final Intervocalic
Primary Secondary Pretonic Posttonic
p p n/a p b
t t t t d
ć [c] c [ts] x [tʃ] > tx^  n/a z > ç [ts] z [dz]
c c, ch [k] Ø c g, gh [g]
b b n/a f v
d d Ø d Ø
ǵ [ɟ]' g [dʒ] n/a i, y [j]i, y g(i) [dʒ] (> [ʒ]? i, y
j i > j [dʒ] n/a
g g, gh g Ø g Ø
pj (pj pi) n/a uj, bi >be
tj c(i) [ts] c(i) z >

ç

c(i)
kj x
bj (bj bi) uj, vi >ve
dj z [dz] z > ç [ts]' g(i) (> j)
gj g(i) x > tx
m m Ø m
n n Ø n
mb n/a n/a m mb
nd n nd
ng ng [ŋ] ng [ŋg]
mj gn(i)

[ɲ]

(i)gn [ɲ] gn(i)
nj, gn, cĭn > ć’n
lj, gl, gĭl, gĕl, dĭl, dĕl gl(i)

[ʎ]

*ggl

> gl, ghl(i)

(i)gl

[ʎ], gl(i)

cĭl, cĕl, cĭl, cĕl *ccĺ >

cl, chl(i)

cŭl, cŏl, căl > c’l cl, chl(i) [kl] gu > go gl, ghl(i), (i)ghl
tŭl, tŏl, tăl > t’l
gŭl, gŏl, găl > g’l gl, ghl(i) [gl] *ggl > gl, ghl(i) l l
dŭl, dŏl, dăl > d’l
s s [s] ss [s] Ø s s [z]
sj sc(i) [ʃ] n/a -is, -sz > sç (all [ʃ]) si [ʒ] (> j ?)
sc´, scj sc(i) n/a
ct n/a x > tx
gĭd g(i) > j
cĭt, cĕt
tĭc, tĕc
pt t t
pĭt, bĭt, vĭt ut ut ud
pĭd, bĭd, vĭd uj uj ud uj

Random notes

Intervocalic b > v; g' > j i; p, t, k', k > b, d, g', g but tj, kj > voiceless ts, gj > [dʒ] gi. Unpalatalized original g tends to disappear.

Initial k', kj, tj > ts c(i); initial g', gj > [dʒ] (g)i.

dj in all positions > [dz] z.

ct > [tʃ] spelled x, while actual x = ks > s or undergoes metathesis to sk, which may be palatalized to [ʃ] 'sc(i) along with original sc.

Voiced stops and affricates ending up final after the loss of final vowels become devoiced, spelled p, t, z [ts] (later ç), (i)x [tʃ], c.

Final [ʃ] is spelled V(i)ss/Vis, later sç, with occasionally sz/sx in early texts.

Word initial ie, ue, uo are spelled hie, hue, huo, since the normal medieval pronunciation of initial prevocalic i, u was j, v.

The vowels [æ] ae and [ø] oe were found in the earliest texts, but later merged with e, while [y] eu and. The spelling ue remained, but probably shifted from [yø] to [ye].

A k, g, sk before a front vowel that arose through mutation wasn't palatalized. They are spelled ch, gh, sch.

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