User:Melroch/Rhodrese: Difference between revisions

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(Updated vowels table, consonant table to come)
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This as yet unnamed Romlang initially has the developments you would expect from a Western Romance language.  However at a later time there is vowel mutation  by a high or low vowel (''a < ă/ā, i < ī, u < ū''), with final vowels later being lost, or in the case of ''-a'' being reduced to ''-e'' {{IPA|[ə]}}.  Somewhat unexpectedly plurals of the first declension show forms as if the a-mutated vowels of the singular had later undergone i-mutation.  This most certainly is due to analogy with the second and third declension rather than to a preserved {{IPA|[ai̥]}} ending &mdash; or did an ending pronounced {{IPA|[æ]}} cause such a 'double' mutation?
This as yet unnamed Romlang initially has the developments you would expect from a Western Romance language.  However at a later time there is vowel mutation  by a high or low vowel (''a < ă/ā, i < ī, u < ū''), with final vowels later being lost, or in the case of ''-a'' being reduced to ''-e'' {{IPA|[ə]}}.  Somewhat unexpectedly plurals of the first declension show forms as if the a-mutated vowels of the singular had later undergone i-mutation.  This most certainly is due to analogy with the second and third declension rather than to a preserved {{IPA|[ai̥]}} ending &mdash; or did an ending pronounced {{IPA|[æ]}} cause such a 'double' mutation?


 
{| class="gridtable"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|+ Stressed vowels
|+ Stressed vowels
!  Latin
!  Latin  
!  VL
!  VL  
!  W. Rmc.
!  W. Rmc.  
! No mut.
! No mut.
!  a-mut.
!  a-mut.  
!  i-mut
!  i-mut  
! a/i-mut.
! a/i-mut.
!  u-mut.
!  u-mut.  
|-
|-  
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ī''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ī''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''i‍̣''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ị''
| ''ĭ''
| ''ĭ''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''i''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''i''
| ''e‍''
| ''e''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''i''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''i''
| ''i''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''iu > eu'' {{IPA|/y/}}  
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''eu'' {{IPA|/y/}}
''
|-
|-  
| ''ī''
| ''ī''
| ''ie''
| ''ie''
| ''e''
|-  
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ĭ''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ĭ''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''i‍̨''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''į''
| ''ẹ̆''
| ''ẹ̆''
| ''e''
| ''e''
| ''e''
| ''e''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''i''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''i''
| ''i''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''oe
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''eu''
''{{IPA|/ø/}} ''>
|-
e''
|-  
| ''ẹ̄''
| ''ẹ̄''
| ''ei''
| ''ei''
| ''ie''
| ''ie''
| ''e''
|-  
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ē''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ē''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ẹ''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ẹ''
Line 45: Line 43:
| ''e''
| ''e''
| ''e''
| ''e''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''i''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''i''
| ''i''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''oe'' > e''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''eu''
|-  
|-
| ''ẹ̄''
| ''ẹ̄''
| ''ei''
| ''ei''
| ''ie''
| ''ie''
| ''e''
|-  
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ĕ''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ĕ''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''e‍̨''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ę''
| ''ĕ‍̨''
| ''ę̆''
| ''e''
| ''e''
| ''e''
| ''e''
| ''i''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''i''
| ''i''
| ''oe''> e''
| ''oe'' {{IPA|/ø/}} &gt; ''e''
|-  
|-
| ''ę̄''
| ''ē‍̨''
| ''ie''
| ''ie''
| ''ie''
| ''ie''
| ''e''
| ''ue
| ''e''
''{{IPA|/yø/ > /ye}}
| ''ue'' {{IPA|/yø/}}
|-  
|-
| ''ă, ā''
| ''ă, ā''
| ''a''
| ''a''
Line 75: Line 69:
| ''a''
| ''a''
| ''a''
| ''a''
| ''ae
| colspan="2" rowspan="1" | ''ae ''{{IPA|/æ/}}'' > e''
''{{IPA|/æ/}}'' &gt; e''
| ''e''
| ''o''
| ''o''
|-
|-  
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ŏ''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ŏ''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''o‍̨''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ǫ''
| ''ŏ‍̨''
| ''ǫ̆''
| ''o''
| ''o''
| ''o''
| ''o''
| ''e''
| colspan="2" rowspan="1" | ''e''
| ''e''
| ''o''
| ''o''
|-
|-  
| ''ō‍̨''
| ''ǭ''
| ''uo''
| ''uo''
| ''uo''
| ''uo''
| ''ue''
| colspan="2" rowspan="1" | ''ue''
| ''ue''
| ''uo''
| ''uo''
|-
|-  
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ō''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ō''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ọ''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ọ''
| ''ŏ‍̣''
| ''ọ̆''
| ''o''
| ''o''
| ''o''
| ''o''
| ''oe &gt; e''
| colspan="2" rowspan="1" | ''oe > e''
| ''oe &gt; e''
| ''o''
| ''o''
|-
|-  
| ''ọ̄''
| ''ọ̄''
| ''ou''
| ''ou''
Line 111: Line 100:
| ''ue''
| ''ue''
| ''ou''
| ''ou''
|-
|-  
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ŭ''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ŭ''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ų''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ų''
| ''ŏ‍̣''
| ''ọ̆''
| ''o''
| ''o''
| ''o''
| ''o''
| ''oe &gt; e''
| colspan="2" rowspan="1" | ''oe > e''<br>''
| ''oe &gt; e''
| ''o''
| ''o''
|-
|-  
| ''ọ̄''
| ''ọ̄''
| ''ou''
| ''ou''
Line 127: Line 115:
| ''ue''
| ''ue''
| ''ou''
| ''ou''
|-
|-  
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ū''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ū''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ụ''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ụ''
Line 133: Line 121:
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''u''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''u''
| ''o''
| ''o''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''eu''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''iu > eu''
| ''oe &gt; e''
| ''oe > e''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''u''
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''u''
|-
|-  
| ''ū''
| ''ū''
| ''uo''
| ''uo''

Revision as of 03:24, 11 August 2006

This as yet unnamed Romlang initially has the developments you would expect from a Western Romance language. However at a later time there is vowel mutation by a high or low vowel (a < ă/ā, i < ī, u < ū), with final vowels later being lost, or in the case of -a being reduced to -e [ə]. Somewhat unexpectedly plurals of the first declension show forms as if the a-mutated vowels of the singular had later undergone i-mutation. This most certainly is due to analogy with the second and third declension rather than to a preserved [ai̥] ending — or did an ending pronounced [æ] cause such a 'double' mutation?

Stressed vowels
Latin VL W. Rmc. No mut. a-mut. i-mut a/i-mut. u-mut.
ī ị ĭ i e i iu > eu /y/

ī ie
ĭ į ẹ̆ e e i oe

/ø/ > e

ẹ̄ ei ie
ē ẹ ẹ̆ e e i oe > e
ẹ̄ ei ie
ĕ ę ę̆ e e i oe> e
ę̄ ie ie ue

/yø/ > /ye

ă, ā a a a a ae /æ/ > e o
ŏ ǫ ǫ̆ o o e o
ǭ uo uo ue uo
ō ọ ọ̆ o o oe > e o
ọ̄ ou uo eu ue ou
ŭ ų ọ̆ o o oe > e
 o
ọ̄ ou uo eu ue ou
ū ụ ŭ u o iu > eu oe > e u
ū uo ue

Consonants:

Intervocalic b > v; g' > j i; p, t, k', k > b, d, g', g but tj, kj > voiceless ts, gj > [dʒ] gi. Unpalatalized original g tends to disappear.

Initial k', kj, tj > ts c(i); initial g', gj > [dʒ] (g)i.

dj in all positions > [dz] z.

ct > [tʃ] spelled x, while actual x = ks > s or undergoes metathesis to sk, which may be palatalized to [ʃ] 'sc(i) along with original sc.

Voiced stops and affricates ending up final after the loss of final vowels become devoiced, spelled p, t, z [ts] (later ç), (i)x [tʃ], c.

Final [ʃ] is spelled V(i)ss/Vis, later sç, with occasionally sz/sx in early texts.

Word initial ie, ue, uo are spelled hie, hue, huo, since the normal medieval pronunciation of initial prevocalic i, u was j, v.

The vowels [æ] ae and [ø] oe were found in the earliest texts, but later merged with e, while [y] eu and. The spelling ue remained, but probably shifted from [yø] to [ye].

A k, g, sk before a front vowel that arose through mutation wasn't palatalized. They are spelled ch, gh, sch.

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