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Siye Dialects: Difference between revisions

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None of the dialects participate in the recent (2246) voicing changes of Standard Siye
None of the dialects participate in the post-2245 voicing changes of Standard Siye


==Siye (Susu)==
==Siye (Susu)==


The dialect of Siye dismissively known as Susu has as its principal feature the collapse of the affricates into the fricatives. This creates surprisingly few problems, so much so that some broad-minded Simayamka consider Susu 'barely a dialect' (a compliment). The main grammatical feature of Susu is the replacement of the directional suffix /tu/ [su], now homophonous with the directional suffix /su/ [su], with /sa/ [sa].
The dialect of Siye dismissively known as Susu has as its principal feature the collapse of the affricates into the fricatives. This creates surprisingly few problems, so much so that some broad-minded Simayamka consider Susu 'barely a dialect'. This is intended as a compliment. The main grammatical feature of Susu is the replacement of the directional suffix /tu/ [su], now homophonous with the directional suffix /su/ [su], with /sa/ [sa].  


{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
Line 16: Line 16:
| fortress
| fortress
| /kilu/
| /kilu/
| {{IPA|[ʧʰi.lu]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈʧʰi.lu]}}
| {{IPA|[ʃi.lu]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈʃi.lu]}}
|-
|-
!  
!  
| hudzu-priest
| hudzu-priest
| /kutum/
| /kutum/
| {{IPA|[xu.dzʊⁿ]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈxu.dzʊⁿ]}}
| {{IPA|[xu.sʊⁿ]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈxu.sʊⁿ]}}
|-
|-
!  
!  
| wisemen
| wisemen
| /pimuyamka/
| /pimuyamka/
| {{IPA|[tçʰi.mu.jæⁿ.ka]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈtçʰi.mu.ˌjæⁿ.ka]}}
| {{IPA|[çi.mu.jæⁿ.ka]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈçi.mu.ˌjæⁿ.ka]}}
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 186: Line 186:
| town, city
| town, city
| /lusili/
| /lusili/
| {{IPA|[lu.ʃi.li]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈlu.ʃi.li]}}
| {{IPA|[li.ʃi.ʎi]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈli.ʃi.ʎi]}}
|-
|-
!  
!  
| lustful(ly)
| lustful(ly)
| /omnuni/
| /omnuni/
| {{IPA|[ɔⁿ.nu.ni]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈɔⁿ.nu.ni]}}
| {{IPA|[ɔⁿ.nu.ɲi]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈɔⁿ.ni.ɲi]}}
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 341: Line 341:
ʧ > ʃʃ {{IPA|[-ʃʃi]}} INS vs {{IPA|[-ʃi]}} INCL
ʧ > ʃʃ {{IPA|[-ʃʃi]}} INS vs {{IPA|[-ʃi]}} INCL


ʦ > ss {{IPA|[-ssi]}} DAT vs {{IPA|[-si]}} ALL vs {{IPA|[-s◌̃ɪ]}} ABL
ʦ > ss {{IPA|[-ssi]}} DAT vs {{IPA|[-si]}} ALL vs {{IPA|[-sɪⁿ]}} ABL


ʎ > ll {{IPA|[ʃilli]}} 'house', {{IPA|[ʧili]}} 'fort' {{IPA|[liʃillisi]}} 'to the town'
ʎ > ll {{IPA|[ˈʃilli]}} 'house', {{IPA|[ˈʧili]}} 'fort' {{IPA|[liʃillisi]}} 'to the town'


ɲ > nn {{IPA|[-nni]}} COM {{IPA|[-ni]}} DIR.SUB
ɲ > nn {{IPA|[-nni]}} COM {{IPA|[-ni]}} DIR.SUB
Line 402: Line 402:
! Ablative
! Ablative
| 6
| 6
| -{{IPA|[◌̃ɛ]}}, -0
| -{{IPA|[ɛⁿ]}}, -0
|  
|  
|-
|-
! Locative
! Locative
| 7
| 7
| -{{IPA|[k◌̃æ]}}
| -{{IPA|[kæⁿ]}}
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 427: Line 427:
! Elative
! Elative
| 15
| 15
| -{{IPA|[k◌̃ɛ]}}
| -{{IPA|[kɛⁿ]}}
| LOC + ABL
| LOC + ABL
|-
|-
! Inessive
! Inessive
| 16
| 16
| -{{IPA|[k◌̃æxi]}}
| -{{IPA|[kæⁿxi]}}
| LOC + LOC
| LOC + LOC
|-
|-
! Illative
! Illative
| 17
| 17
| -{{IPA|[k◌̃æθi]}}
| -{{IPA|[kæⁿθi]}}
| LOC + ALL
| LOC + ALL
|-
|-
Line 492: Line 492:
|-
|-
! -{{IPA|[mɔ]}}-  
! -{{IPA|[mɔ]}}-  
| IPFV.POS.RLS (PAM1, P1)
| IPFV.POS.REAL (PAM1, P1)
| Imperfective
| Imperfective
| Positive
| Positive
Line 500: Line 500:
|-
|-
! -{{IPA|[nɔ]}}-  
! -{{IPA|[nɔ]}}-  
| PFV.POS.RLS (PAM2, P2)
| PFV.POS.REAL (PAM2, P2)
| Perfective
| Perfective
| Positive
| Positive
Line 508: Line 508:
|-
|-
! -{{IPA|[me]}}-  
! -{{IPA|[me]}}-  
| IPFV.POS.IRLS (PAM3, P3)
| IPFV.POS.IRL (PAM3, P3)
| Imperfective
| Imperfective
| Positive
| Positive
Line 516: Line 516:
|-
|-
! -{{IPA|[ne]}}-  
! -{{IPA|[ne]}}-  
| PFV.POS.RLS (PAM4, P4)
| PFV.POS.IRL (PAM4, P4)
| Perfective
| Perfective
| Positive
| Positive
Line 524: Line 524:
|-
|-
! -{{IPA|[mɔ:]}}-
! -{{IPA|[mɔ:]}}-
| IPFV.POS.RLS (PAM5, P5)
| IPFV.POS.REAL (PAM5, P5)
| Imperfective
| Imperfective
| Negative
| Negative
Line 532: Line 532:
|-
|-
! -{{IPA|[nɔ:]}}-
! -{{IPA|[nɔ:]}}-
| PFV.POS.RLS (PAM6, P6)
| PFV.POS.REAL (PAM6, P6)
| Perfective
| Perfective
| Negative
| Negative
Line 540: Line 540:
|-
|-
! -{{IPA|[me:]}}-
! -{{IPA|[me:]}}-
| IPFV.POS.IRLS (PAM7, P7)
| IPFV.POS.IRL (PAM7, P7)
| Imperfective
| Imperfective
| Negative
| Negative
Line 548: Line 548:
|-
|-
! -{{IPA|[ne:]}}-
! -{{IPA|[ne:]}}-
| PFV.POS.IRLS (PAM8, P8)
| PFV.POS.IRL (PAM8, P8)
| Perfective
| Perfective
| Negative
| Negative
Line 557: Line 557:
|}
|}


1. The fricatives coalesce into h: s, ɸ, ʃ , x > h.


2. The affricates become fricatives: tʃ, ts, tç > ʃ, s, ç
1. In pre-Ye, {{IPA|a}} and {{IPA|um}} had become {{IPA|[ɑ]}} and {{IPA|[ʌⁿ]}}.
 
2. The fricatives coalesce into h: s, ɸ, ʃ , x > h.
 
3. The affricates become fricatives: tʃ, ts, tç > ʃ, s, ç


3. The Great Ye Vowel Shift; ɛⁿ > æⁿ, ɑ > ɔ, æⁿ > ɪɘⁿ, Cæⁿ > Cjɘⁿ, ɔⁿ > ɒⁿ, u > y, ʌⁿ > ɛⁿ
4. The Great Ye Vowel Shift; ɛⁿ > æⁿ, ɑ > ɔ, æⁿ > ɪɘⁿ, Cæⁿ > Cjɘⁿ, ɔⁿ > ɒⁿ, u > y, ʌⁿ > ɛⁿ


4. The semi-vowels and h disappear, precipitating a round of vowel dominance contraction: h, w, j > 0
5. The semi-vowels and h disappear, precipitating a round of vowel dominance contraction: h, w, j > 0


5. The remaining fricatives increase distance from one another: ʃ, s, ç > x, θ, s
6. The remaining fricatives increase distance from one another: ʃ, s, ç > x, θ, s


6. y > i
7. y > i (22nd century)


{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
Line 576: Line 579:
! Standard Pronunciation
! Standard Pronunciation
! Rural Ye Pronunciation
! Rural Ye Pronunciation
! Notes
|-
|-
!  
!  
| red
| red
| /kiwa/
| /kiwa/
| {{IPA|[ʧʰi.ʋɑ]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈʧʰi.ʋɑ]}}
| {{IPA|[xɔ:]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈxɔ:]}}
|
|-
|-
!  
!  
| I am seeing it.
| I am seeing it.
| /eleyemputsuma/
| /eleyemputsuma/
| {{IPA|[e.le.jɛⁿ.ɸu.tsu.mɑ]}}
| {{IPA|[e.le.ˈjɛⁿ.ɸu.ˌtsu.mɑ]}}
| {{IPA|[e.lɛⁿ:.ʔy.θi.mɔ]}}
| {{IPA|[e.ˈlɛⁿ:.ʔi.ˌθi.mɔ]}}
|
|-
|-
!  
!  
| towards the fortress
| towards the fortress
| /kilusu/
| /kilusu/
| {{IPA|[ʧʰi.lu.su]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈʧʰi.lu.su]}}
| {{IPA|[xi.li.θi]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈxi.li.θi]}}
|
|-
|-
!  
!  
| cloak
| cloak
| /kamsutu/
| /kamsutu/
| {{IPA|[kæⁿ.su.tsu]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈkæⁿ.su.tsu]}}
| {{IPA|[kʰjɘⁿ.i.θi]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈkʰjɘⁿ.i.θi]}}
|
|-
|-
!  
!  
| beast
| beast
| /pitake/  
| /pitake/  
| {{IPA|[tçʰi.tɑ.ke]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈtçʰi.tɑ.ke]}}
| {{IPA|[si.tɔ.ke]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈsi.tɔ.ke]}}
|
|-
|-
!  
!  
Line 612: Line 621:
| {{IPA|[gɛⁿ]}}
| {{IPA|[gɛⁿ]}}
| {{IPA|[kæⁿ]}}
| {{IPA|[kæⁿ]}}
|
|-
|-
!  
!  
| what?
| what?
| /pala/  
| /pala/  
| {{IPA|[pa.la]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈpa.la]}}
| {{IPA|[pɔ.lɔ]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈpɔ.lɔ]}}
|
|-
|-
!  
!  
| Martian duck
| Martian duck
| /pala/  
| /amsa/  
|  
|  
| {{IPA|[ɪɘⁿ.sjɘⁿ]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈɪɘⁿ.sjɘⁿ]}}
| Mostly found in local words of pre-Siye origin
| Mostly found in local words of pre-Siye origin
|-
|-
Line 629: Line 640:
| ecstasy
| ecstasy
| /omnum/  
| /omnum/  
| {{IPA|[ɔⁿ.nʌⁿ]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈɔⁿ.nʌⁿ]}}
| {{IPA|[ɒⁿ.nɛⁿ]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈɒⁿ.nɛⁿ]}}
| Mostly found in local words of pre-Siye origin
|  
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 637: Line 648:
===Tadji===
===Tadji===


Tadji is a daughter language of Tide and a sister language to Tiye. It is descended from the ruling caste dialect used before the Great Revolt.
Tadji is a daughter language of Tide and a sister language to Tiye. It is descended from the ruling caste dialect used before the Great Revolt. It is beyond the scope of this document to explore the complexities of Tadji, so here it will merely be stated that Siye-speakers often use Tadji as an onomastic resource.

Latest revision as of 12:46, 25 March 2019

None of the dialects participate in the post-2245 voicing changes of Standard Siye

Siye (Susu)

The dialect of Siye dismissively known as Susu has as its principal feature the collapse of the affricates into the fricatives. This creates surprisingly few problems, so much so that some broad-minded Simayamka consider Susu 'barely a dialect'. This is intended as a compliment. The main grammatical feature of Susu is the replacement of the directional suffix /tu/ [su], now homophonous with the directional suffix /su/ [su], with /sa/ [sa].

Examples Meaning Standard Spelling Standard Pronunciation Susu Pronunciation
fortress /kilu/ [ˈʧʰi.lu] [ˈʃi.lu]
hudzu-priest /kutum/ [ˈxu.dzʊⁿ] [ˈxu.sʊⁿ]
wisemen /pimuyamka/ [ˈtçʰi.mu.ˌjæⁿ.ka] [ˈçi.mu.ˌjæⁿ.ka]
Cases Case Number Case Suffix Notes
Nominative 1, 1a -0
Absolutive 1, 1b -0
Accusative 2 -a, -ha, -0
Ergative 3 -ya, -na
Genitive 4 -ne, (etym.) -e
Possessive 5 -me
Ablative 6 -sum
Locative 7 -kem
Allative-Dative 8 -su from Siye -su, -tu
Instrumental 10 -ʃi from Siye -ki
Comitative 13 -ni
Adverbial 11 -ku
Equative 12 -pu
Animate Instrumental 14 -neʃi
Elative 15 -nemsum
Inessive 16 -nemʃim
Illative 17 -nemsu
Abessive 18 -neto
Causal 19 -neya
General Directionals Abbreviation Meaning Notes
-[ʃi]- DIR.STAT in place
-[na]- DIR.SUPER up
-[nu]- DIR.SUB down
-[su]- DIR.ABL away from
-[sa]- DIR.ALL towards Replaces -[su]- from Siye -[tsu]-

Siye (Tsishi)

The Tsishi dialect features the coalescence of the high vowels and the creation of new phonemes from allophones.

Examples Meaning Standard Spelling Standard Pronunciation Tsishi Pronunciation
town, city /lusili/ [ˈlu.ʃi.li] [ˈli.ʃi.ʎi]
lustful(ly) /omnuni/ [ˈɔⁿ.nu.ni] [ˈɔⁿ.ni.ɲi]
Cases Case Number Case Suffix Notes
Nominative 1, 1a -0
Absolutive 1, 1b -0
Accusative 2 -[a], -0 from Tide -ŋa
Ergative 3 -[ja], -[na] from Tide -ɲa, Thide -sa
Genitive 4 -[ne] from Tide -ŋë, Thide -kë
Possessive 5 -[me] possibly from Tide definite pronoun /me/, Thide /me/
Ablative 6 -[sɪⁿ] from Siye -sum
Locative 7 -[kɛⁿ] from Tide -këŋ
Allative-Dative 8 -[si] from Siye -su
Dative-Benefactive 9 -[tsu] from Siye -tu
Instrumental 10 -[tʃi] from Siye -ki
Comitative 13 -[ɲi] from Siye -ni
Adverbial 11 -[xi] from Siye -ku
Equative 12 -[ɸi] from Siye -pu
Animate Instrumental 14 -[netʃi] from Siye -ne + eki, instrumental postposition from instrumental case of inanimate pronoun 'e'
Elative 15 -[nɛⁿsɪⁿ] from Siye -ne + emsum, analogical ablative of emtu 'inner' from emtu 'innards'
Inessive 16 -[nɛⁿʃɪⁿ] from Siye -ne + emkim, analogical locative of emtu 'inner' from emtu 'innards'
Illative 17 -[nɛⁿsi] from Siye -ne + emtu, locative postposition 'inner' from emtu "innards"
Abessive 18 -[neto] from Siye -ne + to "without", from Thide tʰo "absence"
General Directionals Abbreviation Meaning Notes
-[tʃi]- DIR.STAT in place
-[na]- DIR.SUPER up
-[ni]- DIR.SUB down
-[si]- DIR.ABL away from
-[tsi]- DIR.ALL towards

Changes in Tsishi

Recent (2250) changes in the Tsishi dialect have produced geminate consonants and closed oral syllables.

ʧ > ʃʃ [-ʃʃi] INS vs [-ʃi] INCL

ʦ > ss [-ssi] DAT vs [-si] ALL vs [-sɪⁿ] ABL

ʎ > ll [ˈʃilli] 'house', [ˈʧili] 'fort' [liʃillisi] 'to the town'

ɲ > nn [-nni] COM [-ni] DIR.SUB

Siye (Tsushi)

Tsushi is a newly (2250) recorded dialect or sub-dialect of Tsishi. Hypercorrection of the consonants preceding Tsishi i < u, i has resulted in:

[xi] for /ki/ [tʃi]

[ɸi] for initial /pi/ [tç]

[ʃu] for non-initial /pu/ [ɸu]

[si] for /si/ [ʃi]

Ye

Ye has two variations, Rural and Urban.

Cases Case Number Case Suffix Notes
Nominative-Absolutive 1, 1a -0
Accusative 2 -[ɔ]
Ergative 3 -[nɔ]
Vocative 20 -[i]
Genitive 4 -[ne]
Possessive 5 -[me]
Ablative 6 -[ɛⁿ], -0
Locative 7 -[kæⁿ]
Allative-Dative (8) 9 -[θi]
Instrumental 10 -[xi]
Comitative 13 -[ni]
Elative 15 -[kɛⁿ] LOC + ABL
Inessive 16 -[kæⁿxi] LOC + LOC
Illative 17 -[kæⁿθi] LOC + ALL
Abessive 18 -[nito] COM + to
General Directionals Abbreviation Meaning Notes
-[xi]- DIR.STAT in place
-[nɔ]- DIR.SUPER up
-[ni]- DIR.SUB down Older [ny]
-[i]-, -[0]- DIR.ABL away from Older [y], [hy]; Ye absence of Directional implies DIR.ABL
-[θi]- DIR.ALL towards Older [θy]
PAM Suffixes Abbreviation Aspect Polarity Mood Notes Early Siye
-[mɔ]- IPFV.POS.REAL (PAM1, P1) Imperfective Positive Realis -mea-
-[nɔ]- PFV.POS.REAL (PAM2, P2) Perfective Positive Realis -nea-
-[me]- IPFV.POS.IRL (PAM3, P3) Imperfective Positive Irrealis -me-
-[ne]- PFV.POS.IRL (PAM4, P4) Perfective Positive Irrealis -ne-
-[mɔ:]- IPFV.POS.REAL (PAM5, P5) Imperfective Negative Realis -meau-
-[nɔ:]- PFV.POS.REAL (PAM6, P6) Perfective Negative Realis -neau-
-[me:]- IPFV.POS.IRL (PAM7, P7) Imperfective Negative Irrealis Subjunctive -meu-
-[ne:]- PFV.POS.IRL (PAM8, P8) Perfective Negative Irrealis Contrafactual -neu-


1. In pre-Ye, a and um had become [ɑ] and [ʌⁿ].

2. The fricatives coalesce into h: s, ɸ, ʃ , x > h.

3. The affricates become fricatives: tʃ, ts, tç > ʃ, s, ç

4. The Great Ye Vowel Shift; ɛⁿ > æⁿ, ɑ > ɔ, æⁿ > ɪɘⁿ, Cæⁿ > Cjɘⁿ, ɔⁿ > ɒⁿ, u > y, ʌⁿ > ɛⁿ

5. The semi-vowels and h disappear, precipitating a round of vowel dominance contraction: h, w, j > 0

6. The remaining fricatives increase distance from one another: ʃ, s, ç > x, θ, s

7. y > i (22nd century)

Examples Meaning Standard Spelling Standard Pronunciation Rural Ye Pronunciation Notes
red /kiwa/ [ˈʧʰi.ʋɑ] [ˈxɔ:]
I am seeing it. /eleyemputsuma/ [e.le.ˈjɛⁿ.ɸu.ˌtsu.mɑ] [e.ˈlɛⁿ:.ʔi.ˌθi.mɔ]
towards the fortress /kilusu/ [ˈʧʰi.lu.su] [ˈxi.li.θi]
cloak /kamsutu/ [ˈkæⁿ.su.tsu] [ˈkʰjɘⁿ.i.θi]
beast /pitake/ [ˈtçʰi.tɑ.ke] [ˈsi.tɔ.ke]
loc. /-kem/ [gɛⁿ] [kæⁿ]
what? /pala/ [ˈpa.la] [ˈpɔ.lɔ]
Martian duck /amsa/ [ˈɪɘⁿ.sjɘⁿ] Mostly found in local words of pre-Siye origin
ecstasy /omnum/ [ˈɔⁿ.nʌⁿ] [ˈɒⁿ.nɛⁿ]

Tadji

Tadji is a daughter language of Tide and a sister language to Tiye. It is descended from the ruling caste dialect used before the Great Revolt. It is beyond the scope of this document to explore the complexities of Tadji, so here it will merely be stated that Siye-speakers often use Tadji as an onomastic resource.

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