Proto-Uralic/I: Difference between revisions

From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
(Created page with '{| |- style="background:#FFA0A0" ! Lexeme ! Finnic !! Samic !! Mordv. !! Mari !! Permic !! Hung. !! Mansi !! Khanty !! Samoy. …')
 
No edit summary
 
(88 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 2: Line 2:
|- style="background:#FFA0A0"
|- style="background:#FFA0A0"
! Lexeme
! Lexeme
! [[Finnish|Finnic]] !! [[Proto-Samic|Samic]] !! Mordv. !! Mari !! [[Permic]] !! Hung. !! Mansi !! Khanty !! [[Proto-Samoyedic|Samoy.]]
! [[Finnish|Finnic]] !! [[Proto-Samic|Samic]] !! [[Mordvinic|Mordv.]] !! [[Mari]] !! [[Permic]] !! [[Hungarian|Hung.]] !! [[Mansi]] !! [[Khanty]] !! [[Proto-Samoyedic|Samoy.]]
! Comments
! Comments
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10"| Std. PU *i_i
! colspan="10"| *i_ə = std. PU *i_i (F *i_i, S *ɤ_ɤ, Mo *e, P *i, Ms *ä, Kh *ee, Smy *i)
| old cases mostly *CVCV(CV)?
|-
|-
| "to suck"
| "to suck"
| *ime- || ńɤmɤ- || - || - || K. ńim- || ëm- || - || *eem- || ńim-, əm-
| *ime- || ńɤmɤ- || - || - || K. ńim- || ëm- || - || *eem- || *ńim-, *əm-
| Two variants *imi-, *ńimi-
| Two variants *imə-, *ńimə-
|-
|-
| "stone"
| "stone"
| *kivi || - || kev || *küj || U. kɤ ~ K. ki || köv- || *käw || *kööɣ || -
| *kivi || - || kev || *küj || U. ''kɤ'' ~ K. ki || köö<br/>: köve- || *käw || *kööɣ || -
|-
| "year ring"
| ''*süü'' || '''*sēvɤ''' || - || *šĭja || *si || - || *täw || - || *tiə
| *siwə?
|-
|-
| "name"
| "name"
| *nimi || *nɤmɤ || style="color:red"| ĺem || style="color:red"| *lə/üm || *ńim || neev || *näm || *neem || *nim
| *nimi || *nɤmɤ || style="color:red"| *ľem || style="color:red"| ''*lü̆m'' || style="color:green"| *ńim || style="color:green"| neev<br/>: neve- || *nämə || *neem || *nim
| Cf. IE; PBS *inmen-
| Cf. IE; PBS *inmen-
|-
|-
| "long"
| "long"
| *pit-kä || - || - || - || - || *fël-, föl- || *pälit || '''*peɬ-''' || *pir-
| *pit-kä || - || - || - || - || fël-, '''föl-''' || *pälit || '''*peL-''' || *pir-
|-
| "tooth, flint"
| *pii || - || pej || *püj || *piń || '''fog''' || *päŋk || *pööŋk || ''*pəj''
| S. *pānē probly unrelated. Smy. cf. *suŋə > *təŋ
|-
| "hedgehog"
| *siili || - || *śejəľ || Hi. šülə ~<br/>Me. '''šulo''' || - || †sül || '''"soule"''' || - || -
| *śixələ, ix > iw > ü in H?
|-
|-
| "tooth"
| "ceiling space"
| *pii || (''*pānē'') || pej || *püj || *piń || '''fog''' || *päŋk || *pööŋk || -
| *sii- || - || - || - || *śig || - || - || '''*siiŋ''' || '''*seŋ'''
|-
|-
| "mouse"
| "last"
| *hiiri || - || šejer || - || '''*šɯr''' || egeer || *täŋkər || *ɬööŋkər || -
| *vii--<!--viime-, viipy- --> || - || - || - || - || veeg || - || - || -
|-
| "to kill"
| - || <span style="color:green">*fɤðō-</span><br/>"to beat" || - || - || *vijɨ- || öl- || *äl- || *weeL- ||
| H+Ms *wi- > *ü-. S. *vɤlē- "jump" to be excluded.
|-
|-
| ""
| "to scrape"
| || || || || || || || ||
| - || - || - || - || *ńir-- || ńiir(o)- || - || - || Ne. ńira-
|-
|-
| "cloud"
| "cloud"
| *pilvi || *pɤlvɤ || peĺ || *pəl<!--@~7--> || *piĺ- || felhöö || - || style="color:red"| '''*peləŋ''' || -
| *pilvi || *pɤlvɤ || peľ || *pĭl ||style="color:green"| *piľ- || felhöö || - || style="color:red"| ''*peLəŋ'' || -
| Kh. *e / _CC?
|-
| "to smell"
| - || KiT *lɤkɤ || - || - || - || - || - || Vj <span style="color:green">ɭööɣ-</span> || -
|-
| "connecting river"
| - || - || - || ''*wiš'' || *vis(k-) || *äɣt || - || - || -
| StUE4. Ms *wi- > *ü-.
|-
|-
| "to rut"
| "tongs"
| *kej-ma, *kii-ma || *kīkɤ-, *kēj-mē- || - || - || U. kemdžɯ- ~ K. koj || ''kej-, höö'' || *käj- || *kööj- || -
| *pihti || *pɤstɤ || peš || - || K. '''peš''' || - || - || - || -
|-
| "bast"
| *niini || - || (<span style="color:red">ľeŋgɜ</span>) || ń/ni || ńiń/n || - || - || - || -
| can be *nijənə, *nixənə etc.
|-
| "now"
| *nükü-- || - || Er. ńej<br/>~ Mk. ''ńi'' || - || *ni<!--K Peč. nɨn--> || - || - || - || -
| *i-ü > *ü-ü in F.
|-
| "to stay"
| *pisü- || - || *pezə- || '''pižä-''' || - || - || - || - || -
| *i-ü > *ü-ü in F.
|-
|-
| ""
| ""
| || || || || || || || ||
| || || || || || || || ||
|-
| "visible"
| *ilmi || *ɤlmɤ || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| ← *ilma
|-
| "wonder"
| *imeh || *ɤmɤs || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| ← B?
|-
| "5"
| style="color:red"| *viici || style="color:red"| *vītɤ || *veťɜ ||style="color:green"| *vĭć || *vit || öt(ö-) || *ät || *weet || *wü(ə)t
| *wittə, H+Ms+Smy *wi- > *(w)ü-. FS *wiitə by analogy with *kuutə 'six'?
|-
| "gadfly"
| - || - || - || - || - || - || *päləm || *peeLəm || #pil-
|-
| "to pull"
| - || - || - || - || - || ńer- || *ńär-əmt- || *ńeer- || -
| CMs *ńä- > *ńi-
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10"| Std. PU *ix_i
! colspan="10"| Permic *ɨ (default in non-palatal environs?)
|-
| "mouse"
| *hiiri || - || *šeŋəŕ || - || ''*šɨr'' || '''egeer'''<br/>: '''egere-''' || *täŋkər || *ɬööŋkər || -
|-
| "behind"
| *möö- || *mɤŋē || mej- || Hi məŋge ~<br/>Me '''möŋgö''' || K. ''mɨ-śt'' || mëg || CMs *män-t || - || -
| F *iwä > *üwä > *öö
|-
| "illness"
| *kitu- || - || - || - || ''*kɨž'' || - || - || ''*kečə'' || -
|-
|-
| "5"
| "prop"
| *viici || *vītɤ || vete ||style="color:red"| *vəəć || *vit || *öt || *ät || *weet || *wüt
| - || - ||style="color:red"| *ńežə- || - || K. ''mɨdž'' || - || E määs || ''*me₂č'' || -
| H. *wi- → ö-
| Fi. nyde better < *nüðə
|-
| "conifer branch"
| - || - || - || *lüjəš || ''*lɨs(k-)'' || - || - || style="color:red"| *leepəs || -
|-
| "to fly"
| - || - || - || - || K <span style="color:red">''šɨlgɨ-''</span> || -  || '''*tiɣl-''' || ''*ɬe₁ɣəL-'' || *tij-
| Or Ms *tiiɣl-? Pel. /tēl-/
|-
| "to bathe"
| - || - || - || - || ''*pɨlaś-'' || style="color:red"| '''*fürö-''' || *päɣl- || *pööɣəL- || -
| cf. F. *külpe- (metathesis < *pülkə-??)
|-
| "rise (of water)"
| - || - || - || - || K. ''ɨt-va'' || - || - || *eepət- || -
|-
| "spark"
| *kipen-- || *kɤpɤ || - || - || K. ''*kɨń'' || - || - || - || -
| S "gunk, cover", semantics?? F also ''*küben''
|-
| "threshing<br/>ground"
| *riihi || - || - || - || U. '''inšɨr'''<br/> ~ K. ''rɨnɨš'' || - || - || - || -
| E. '''rehi'''. Gmc (''Riege'' etc) ← F.
|-
| "thick; big"
| - || - || *ečkɜ || - || K. ''*ɨdžɨt'' || - || - || - || -
| medials?
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10"| Std. PU *i_a (*i_ä)
! colspan="10"| Samic *ī-ɤ
|-
|-
| "breast"
| "to soften"
| *nisä || '''*ńīńčē''' || || || || || || || *ńimsä-
| - || *tīnɤ- || - || - || - || - || *tim-<br/>*tintəl- || *tentəL- || -
| S. *i → *í also before palatals?
| StUE4
|-
| "coal"
| - || *čīnɤ || - || - || - || seen<br/>: sene- || - || - || -
| Or H. < *ćänä "tinder"
|-
| "smell"
| - || *cīvnɤ || *čijńɜ || - || - || - || - || - || -
| *čixə-nə?
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10"| Std. PU *i_a (*i_ä) > similar except P ??
|-
|-
| "eye"
| "eye"
| *silmä || *čɤlmē || seĺme || *s/šinzä || *śin || sëm || style="color:green"| *šäm || *seem || *səjmä
| *silmä || *čɤlmē || *śeľmɜ || *s/šinzä || ''*śin(m-)'' || sëm || style="color:green"| *šäm || *seem || *səjmä
|-
|-
| "father; big"
| "father; big"
| *isä || *ɤčē || '''oćä''' || *əəza || - || öös || *äs || - || '''*ejsä'''
| *isä || *ɤčē || Mk. '''oćä''' || *ĭźa || - || öös || *äćə || - || style="color:red"| '''*äjsä'''
| Contam. of *äjjä + *iśä in Smy? Mk from ''oću'' "big" < *ićäw (cf. F. *isoi)?
|-
|-
| "to appear"
| "to appear"
| *itä- || style="color:red"| *ɤcé- || || || || || *ätər- || *eet- || *ətä-
| *itä- || style="color:red"| *ɤcé- || - || - || - || - || *ätər- || *eet- || *ətä-
| Cf. IE *ǵīd-
| Cf. IE *ǵīd-
|-
|-
| "daughter-in-law"
| "(to) smell"
| *miniä || *mɤńē || - || - || U. -meń ~ K. moń || mëń || mäń || *meeń || '''*meńä'''
| - || *ɤpsē- || Mk. '''opəś''' || *üpš ||style="color:red"| K. isk- || ''iiz(e-)'' || *ät(ə)- || *eepəL || *əptə-
|-
| "to cover"
| *pint-eh || - || - || - || *'''pod''' || fëd- || *pänt- || *peent- || -
|-
| "deep; calm"
| *tüveni || *tɤvē || - || *tüɣə || - || - || *täwənt || *teeɣən || -
| F. *i > ü / _wä. Also: <font color="red">*süvä</font>?
|-
| "knife"
| - || - || - ||style="color:red"| ''kü̆źə'' || - || keeš || *käšV || *kööčəɣ || -
|-
| "fir; pine"
| - || - || - ||style="color:red"| Hi tɤrke || - || - || *tärəɣ || N. teexər || -
| OU metathesis discrepancy. *tirKə-ka?!
|-
| "to hit"
| - || - || *keŕV- || *kĭre- || *köral- || - || Tv kär- || - || -
|-
| "sky"
| - || - || *meńəľ || - || - || mëńń || - || - || -
| *e_ə possible. H. *ńl > ńń
|-
| "crowd"
| - || *vɤlvē || *veľɜ || *-wəlä || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| "slanted"
| *vino || *vɤńē || Er veńaža || - || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| "trap"
| *rita || *rɤtē || - || style="color:red"| *lüðe || K. *ri || - || - || - || -
|-
| "to stick"
| *pistä- || *pɤstē- || - || Hi. '''pište-'''<br/>~ Me. pɤšte- || - || - || - || - || -
| *pis-tä-, cf. "to stay"
|-
|-
| "to pass over"
| "more, to add"
| - || *vɤlē- || - || - || *vi- || öl- || *äl- || *weeɬ- ||
| *lisä || *lɤsē || *ľezɜ || - || - || - || - || - || -
| H. *wi- → ö-
|-
|-
| "to smell"
| "rowan"
| - || ɤpsē- || '''opəś-''' || *üpš- || K. is- || ''iiz-'' || *ät- || *eepəɬ- || əptə-
| *pihlä || - || '''*piźəl''' ||style="color:red"| *pĭzlə || U. '''paledź'''<br/>~ K. '''pelɨź''' || - || *päćər || ''*pećər'' || -
|-
|-
| ""
| ""
| || || || || || || || ||
| || || || || || || || ||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10"| Loans (NB Mo. *i-a > *ə-a > *∅-a!)
|-
| "place"
| *sija || *sɤjē || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| ← Gmc *stīja-
|-
|-
| ""
| ""
| || || || || || || || ||
| *hiici || *sijtɤ || - || - || - || - || - || - || (Sk *tiitə)
| ← Gmc *sīdōn
|-
| "office, position"
| *virka || *vīrkē || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| ← Gmc. *wirkja-; F. *virka "sign" ← B. *virge-. Nen. ẃārkā (< *wärkä) "to lasso" doesn't belong
|-
| "good"
| *hüvä || *sɤvē || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| ← Ir *šiva. Mo ''*čiva'' independantly. MaPH ''šuŋɜ'' "healthy" = different
|-
| "belt"
| *hihna || - || *kšna || *šü̆štə || - || - || - || - || -
| ← B. *šikšna
|-
| "wax"
| - || - || *kšta || *šištə || U śuś ~ K śiś || - || - || - || -
| ← II
|-
| "sand"
| *liiva || - || - || - || U. luo ~ K. lɨva || - || - ||style="color:green"| *ɭowi || -
| B ^ F → P → Kh
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10"| Samic *ī_ē
|-
| "breast"
| *nisä || *ńīńčē || || || || || || || *ńimsä-
| *ńimə-śä? S. *i > *ī also before palatals? (not in *mińa)
|-
| "inside; breast"
| *sisä- || *čīńčē || style="color:red"| *seźəm<!--NSES--> || *ćĭźə || - || sü(ü)ɟ;<br/>čëč || N śiś || E ťuťi || *sünsə
| Cf. the previous
|-
| "little bird"
| - || *cīcē- || - || - || K. džɨdž || - || - || *čii₂nč || *sinsä-
| Onomatopoetic?
|-
| "to let go"
| - || *tīptē- || tuvto- || - || - || - || - || - || -
| cf. *tejə ??
|-
| "sno, frost"
| - || *rīnē || - || *rün || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| "grandmother"
| - || *īmē || - || - || - || - || - || *ii₁mə || #imä
|-
| "frost"
| - || *pīcē || - ||style="color:red"| '''*pöršə''' || '''*puuž''' || - || - || '''*paačəm''' || -
| Most better *pëčə
|-
|-
| ""
| ""
Line 82: Line 273:
| ""
| ""
| || || || || || || || ||
| || || || || || || || ||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10"| Permic ''e'' ~ ''o''
|-
| "daughter-in-law"
| *miniä || *mɤńē || - || - || U. -meń ~ K. mooń || mëń || *mäńə || *meeń || '''*mäńä'''
|-
| "to rut"
| ''*kej-ma,<br/>*kii-ma'' || *kīkɤ- || - || - || U. kemdžɨ-<br/>~ K. koj || ''kej-, höö'' || *käj- || *kööj- || -
| *kixə ? S. *kēj-mē- ← F.
|-
| "to rip"
| *kisko- || *kɤškō- || Er. '''śkiŕa-''' ~<br/>Mk. '''kəśkəŕa-''' || - || U. keś- ~ K. koś- || ''kiišaal-'' || E '''*küštəl-''' || *köös- || -
| OU *ü? H. also ''köszvény'' "gout". Cf. [[Proto-Uralic/new|*kïčkə-]]
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10"| TBS: FP only
|-
| "to tear"
| *riicu- || *rīččō- || - || - || *reź- || - || - || - || -
|-
| "fang"
| - || *čɤlā- ||style="color:red"| ćilä || - || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| "sweet"
| *imelä || N amiidi || - || - || '''*juumol''' || - || - || - || -
| F better ← "to suck"
|-
| "slanted"
| ''*vita'' || - || vaša- || Hi. wočɤk ~<br/>Me. wažɤk || U '''vož''' ~ K *veež || - || - || - || -
| P. "intersection"
|-
| "to press"
| *liccat- || - || - || *ləźərte- ~<br/>"JU" lazerte- || K. <span style="color:red">ľićkɨ-</span> || - || - || - || -
|-
| "to sneeze"
| *niistä- || - || - || *nü̆/ǔšte- || - || - || - || - || -
| prob. unrel.: S *nīstē- 'to claim', P *ńiskɨ-- 'to whet, etc.'
|-
| "scoop; board"
| *lippVj || - || Er. ľipuža<br/>~ Mk. ľebža || - || - || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| ""
| "to bind"
| || || || || || || || ||
| *nito- || *nëðē- || *ńed'''a'''- || - || - || - || - || - || -
| Cf. IE
|-
| "woman"
| - || *nīsōn || Er. ńizaka,<br/>ńizańa || - || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| "yarn"
| - || - || - || *šü̆rtə || '''*šort''' || - || - || - || -
| Or *ü
|-
| "whole"
| - || - || - || *ćĭl'''ä''' || *ćɨl || - || - || - || -
| Or *ü?
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10"| TBS: East only
|-
| "fire"
| - || - || - || - || - || tüüz<br/>: tüze- || *tääwət || *töɣət || -
| ? *tiwätə, or *ü with SMs irregular?
|-
| "quiver"
| - || - || - || - || - ||style="color:red"| tëgëz || *täwət || '''*tii₁ɣət''' || -
| Possibly *-ŋ-.
|-
| "to run, jump"
| - || - || - || - || - || üüz- || *it(ɣəl-) || *ii₁t- || -
|-
| "doe; mother"
| - || - || - || - || - || üsöö || - || *ees || -
|-
| "to shine"
| - || - || - || - || - || šüt- || šit- || - || -
| better *čekt-?
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10"| TBS: rest
|-
| "son-in-law"
| '''*vävvü''' || '''*vīvɤ''' || ''ov'' || Hi. wiŋgə ~<br/>Me. '''weŋə''' || - || vöö || - || *wööŋ || *wi²ŋə
| Analogy in F from *kälü "daughter-in-law", loaned to S before that? Smy *we-?
|-
| "knee ~ elbow"
| - || - || - || - || *pidźəs || - || *päs || - || -
|-
| "to tear"
| - || *ńɤckē- || - || - || K. ńečkɨ- || ńeš- || - || E <span style="color:red">''ńeć-''</span> ||
|-
|-
| ""
| ""
Line 90: Line 364:
|-
|-
| "dark"
| "dark"
| *pim-eða || - || - || - || *peĺmɯt || - || - || - || *pəjmətä
| *pimeðä || - || - || - || *peľmɨt || - || - || - || *pəjmətä
| *-d₂m- ? cf. Smy. #pij "dark"
|-
|-
| "to unhair"
| "to unhair"
| *nivo- || *nɤvē- || ńeveĺ- || - || - || - || - || '''*noow-''' || '''*nɯŋkə-'''
| - || *nɤvē- || ńeveľe/ila- || - || - || - || ''nä/oɣt-'' || style="color:green"| '''*ɳaaw-''' || '''*nïŋkə-'''
| F. nivo- ← S.
|-
| "to sho"
| Es. viisA- || - || - || - || U. vodź- ~ K. vidź- || viɟaaz- || - || - || -
| Cf. Gmc?
|-
| "narro"
| - || - || ťäj- || - || - || - || - || - || #täj-
| Better *ä
|-
| "decking"
| - || - || - || - || K. tis(k)a || - || - || - || *tät
| better *täskə?
|-
| "grave"
| - || - || - || *šüɣer || - || style="color:red"| ''šee/iir(o-)'',<br/>†seyr || - || - || -
|-
| "to run; to hurry"
| - || - || Er. čije- || - || - || style="color:red"| šiet- || <span style="color:red">*ćiɣ</span><br>'time' || - || -
| source for Ms?? Better *e-ä
|-
| "sleigh belt"
| - || *čɤnɤ || - || - || - || - || - || - || Ne. śān
| ← IE?
|-
| "to moov"
| *liikku- || - || - || - || - || - || *luk-, *läkʷ- || style="color:red"| *ɬok- || *ləkə-
|-
| "peg"
| - || *cɤŋkē || - || - || *čög<!--K → čegɤs--> || čegeľ || - || - || -
| Or S ~ *tüŋkä
|-
| "gums"
| *igen || - || - || - || *aŋ || iiń(e-) || - || - || -
| Better *jEkəń(ə); add OUg
|-
| "evening"
| *ilta || - || Mk. iľä || - || - || - || - || W *iiLaaj || -
| better *je-?
|-
| "son"
| - || - || - || *iɣə || - || - || - || N. jiix (!) || Sk. ii
|-
| "this / that / it"
| *se : *sii- || - || *śä "this"<br/>*śijä "there" || '''*seðe''' || - || - || - || *ćii₁ || style="color:red"| '''*kä(tɜ)'''
|-
| "I"
| *minä :<br/> *minu-|| '''*mon''' || '''*mon''' || *mĭńə₂ || *mön || (een :<br/>''engëm'') || (*äm) || *mää(n) || *mə̈n
|-
| ""
| || || || || || || || ||
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 08:37, 26 December 2018

Lexeme Finnic Samic Mordv. Mari Permic Hung. Mansi Khanty Samoy. Comments
*i_ə = std. PU *i_i (F *i_i, S *ɤ_ɤ, Mo *e, P *i, Ms *ä, Kh *ee, Smy *i) old cases mostly *CVCV(CV)?
"to suck" *ime- ńɤmɤ- - - K. ńim- ëm- - *eem- *ńim-, *əm- Two variants *imə-, *ńimə-
"stone" *kivi - kev *küj U. kɤ ~ K. ki köö
: köve-		 *käw *kööɣ -
"year ring" *süü *sēvɤ - *šĭja *si - *täw - *tiə *siwə?
"name" *nimi *nɤmɤ *ľem *lü̆m *ńim neev
: neve-		 *nämə *neem *nim Cf. IE; PBS *inmen-
"long" *pit-kä - - - - fël-, föl- *pälit *peL- *pir-
"tooth, flint" *pii - pej *püj *piń fog *päŋk *pööŋk *pəj S. *pānē probly unrelated. Smy. cf. *suŋə > *təŋ
"hedgehog" *siili - *śejəľ Hi. šülə ~
Me. šulo		 - †sül "soule" - - *śixələ, ix > iw > ü in H?
"ceiling space" *sii- - - - *śig - - *siiŋ *seŋ
"last" *vii-- - - - - veeg - - -
"to kill" - *fɤðō-
"to beat"		 - - *vijɨ- öl- *äl- *weeL- H+Ms *wi- > *ü-. S. *vɤlē- "jump" to be excluded.
"to scrape" - - - - *ńir-- ńiir(o)- - - Ne. ńira-
"cloud" *pilvi *pɤlvɤ peľ *pĭl *piľ- felhöö - *peLəŋ - Kh. *e / _CC?
"to smell" - KiT *lɤkɤ - - - - - Vj ɭööɣ- -
"connecting river" - - - *wiš *vis(k-) *äɣt - - - StUE4. Ms *wi- > *ü-.
"tongs" *pihti *pɤstɤ peš - K. peš - - - -
"bast" *niini - (ľeŋgɜ) ń/ni ńiń/n - - - - can be *nijənə, *nixənə etc.
"now" *nükü-- - Er. ńej
~ Mk. ńi		 - *ni - - - - *i-ü > *ü-ü in F.
"to stay" *pisü- - *pezə- pižä- - - - - - *i-ü > *ü-ü in F.
""
"visible" *ilmi *ɤlmɤ - - - - - - - ← *ilma
"wonder" *imeh *ɤmɤs - - - - - - - ← B?
"5" *viici *vītɤ *veťɜ *vĭć *vit öt(ö-) *ät *weet *wü(ə)t *wittə, H+Ms+Smy *wi- > *(w)ü-. FS *wiitə by analogy with *kuutə 'six'?
"gadfly" - - - - - - *päləm *peeLəm #pil-
"to pull" - - - - - ńer- *ńär-əmt- *ńeer- - CMs *ńä- > *ńi-
Permic *ɨ (default in non-palatal environs?)
"mouse" *hiiri - *šeŋəŕ - *šɨr egeer
: egere-		 *täŋkər *ɬööŋkər -
"behind" *möö- *mɤŋē mej- Hi məŋge ~
Me möŋgö		 K. mɨ-śt mëg CMs *män-t - - F *iwä > *üwä > *öö
"illness" *kitu- - - - *kɨž - - *kečə -
"prop" - - *ńežə- - K. mɨdž - E määs *me₂č - Fi. nyde better < *nüðə
"conifer branch" - - - *lüjəš *lɨs(k-) - - *leepəs -
"to fly" - - - - K šɨlgɨ- - *tiɣl- *ɬe₁ɣəL- *tij- Or Ms *tiiɣl-? Pel. /tēl-/
"to bathe" - - - - *pɨlaś- *fürö- *päɣl- *pööɣəL- - cf. F. *külpe- (metathesis < *pülkə-??)
"rise (of water)" - - - - K. ɨt-va - - *eepət- -
"spark" *kipen-- *kɤpɤ - - K. *kɨń - - - - S "gunk, cover", semantics?? F also *küben
"threshing
ground" 		*riihi - - - U. inšɨr
~ K. rɨnɨš		 - - - - E. rehi. Gmc (Riege etc) ← F.
"thick; big" - - *ečkɜ - K. *ɨdžɨt - - - - medials?
Samic *ī-ɤ
"to soften" - *tīnɤ- - - - - *tim-
*tintəl-		 *tentəL- - StUE4
"coal" - *čīnɤ - - - seen
: sene-		 - - - Or H. < *ćänä "tinder"
"smell" - *cīvnɤ *čijńɜ - - - - - - *čixə-nə?
Std. PU *i_a (*i_ä) > similar except P ??
"eye" *silmä *čɤlmē *śeľmɜ *s/šinzä *śin(m-) sëm *šäm *seem *səjmä
"father; big" *isä *ɤčē Mk. oćä *ĭźa - öös *äćə - *äjsä Contam. of *äjjä + *iśä in Smy? Mk from oću "big" < *ićäw (cf. F. *isoi)?
"to appear" *itä- *ɤcé- - - - - *ätər- *eet- *ətä- Cf. IE *ǵīd-
"(to) smell" - *ɤpsē- Mk. opəś *üpš K. isk- iiz(e-) *ät(ə)- *eepəL *əptə-
"to cover" *pint-eh - - - *pod fëd- *pänt- *peent- -
"deep; calm" *tüveni *tɤvē - *tüɣə - - *täwənt *teeɣən - F. *i > ü / _wä. Also: *süvä?
"knife" - - - kü̆źə - keeš *käšV *kööčəɣ -
"fir; pine" - - - Hi tɤrke - - *tärəɣ N. teexər - OU metathesis discrepancy. *tirKə-ka?!
"to hit" - - *keŕV- *kĭre- *köral- - Tv kär- - -
"sky" - - *meńəľ - - mëńń - - - *e_ə possible. H. *ńl > ńń
"crowd" - *vɤlvē *veľɜ *-wəlä - - - - -
"slanted" *vino *vɤńē Er veńaža - - - - - -
"trap" *rita *rɤtē - *lüðe K. *ri - - - -
"to stick" *pistä- *pɤstē- - Hi. pište-
~ Me. pɤšte-		 - - - - - *pis-tä-, cf. "to stay"
"more, to add" *lisä *lɤsē *ľezɜ - - - - - -
"rowan" *pihlä - *piźəl *pĭzlə U. paledź
~ K. pelɨź		 - *päćər *pećər -
""
Loans (NB Mo. *i-a > *ə-a > *∅-a!)
"place" *sija *sɤjē - - - - - - - ← Gmc *stīja-
"" *hiici *sijtɤ - - - - - - (Sk *tiitə) ← Gmc *sīdōn
"office, position" *virka *vīrkē - - - - - - - ← Gmc. *wirkja-; F. *virka "sign" ← B. *virge-. Nen. ẃārkā (< *wärkä) "to lasso" doesn't belong
"good" *hüvä *sɤvē - - - - - - - ← Ir *šiva. Mo *čiva independantly. MaPH šuŋɜ "healthy" = different
"belt" *hihna - *kšna *šü̆štə - - - - - ← B. *šikšna
"wax" - - *kšta *šištə U śuś ~ K śiś - - - - ← II
"sand" *liiva - - - U. luo ~ K. lɨva - - *ɭowi - B ^ F → P → Kh
Samic *ī_ē
"breast" *nisä *ńīńčē *ńimsä- *ńimə-śä? S. *i > *ī also before palatals? (not in *mińa)
"inside; breast" *sisä- *čīńčē *seźəm *ćĭźə - sü(ü)ɟ;
čëč		 N śiś E ťuťi *sünsə Cf. the previous
"little bird" - *cīcē- - - K. džɨdž - - *čii₂nč *sinsä- Onomatopoetic?
"to let go" - *tīptē- tuvto- - - - - - - cf. *tejə ??
"sno, frost" - *rīnē - *rün - - - - -
"grandmother" - *īmē - - - - - *ii₁mə #imä
"frost" - *pīcē - *pöršə *puuž - - *paačəm - Most better *pëčə
""
""
Permic e ~ o
"daughter-in-law" *miniä *mɤńē - - U. -meń ~ K. mooń mëń *mäńə *meeń *mäńä
"to rut" *kej-ma,
*kii-ma		 *kīkɤ- - - U. kemdžɨ-
~ K. koj		 kej-, höö *käj- *kööj- - *kixə ? S. *kēj-mē- ← F.
"to rip" *kisko- *kɤškō- Er. śkiŕa- ~
Mk. kəśkəŕa-		 - U. keś- ~ K. koś- kiišaal- E *küštəl- *köös- - OU *ü? H. also köszvény "gout". Cf. *kïčkə-
TBS: FP only
"to tear" *riicu- *rīččō- - - *reź- - - - -
"fang" - *čɤlā- ćilä - - - - - -
"sweet" *imelä N amiidi - - *juumol - - - - F better ← "to suck"
"slanted" *vita - vaša- Hi. wočɤk ~
Me. wažɤk		 U vož ~ K *veež - - - - P. "intersection"
"to press" *liccat- - - *ləźərte- ~
"JU" lazerte-		 K. ľićkɨ- - - - -
"to sneeze" *niistä- - - *nü̆/ǔšte- - - - - - prob. unrel.: S *nīstē- 'to claim', P *ńiskɨ-- 'to whet, etc.'
"scoop; board" *lippVj - Er. ľipuža
~ Mk. ľebža		 - - - - - -
"to bind" *nito- *nëðē- *ńeda- - - - - - - Cf. IE
"woman" - *nīsōn Er. ńizaka,
ńizańa		 - - - - - -
"yarn" - - - *šü̆rtə *šort - - - - Or *ü
"whole" - - - *ćĭlä *ćɨl - - - - Or *ü?
TBS: East only
"fire" - - - - - tüüz
: tüze-		 *tääwət *töɣət - ? *tiwätə, or *ü with SMs irregular?
"quiver" - - - - - tëgëz *täwət *tii₁ɣət - Possibly *-ŋ-.
"to run, jump" - - - - - üüz- *it(ɣəl-) *ii₁t- -
"doe; mother" - - - - - üsöö - *ees -
"to shine" - - - - - šüt- šit- - - better *čekt-?
TBS: rest
"son-in-law" *vävvü *vīvɤ ov Hi. wiŋgə ~
Me. weŋə		 - vöö - *wööŋ *wi²ŋə Analogy in F from *kälü "daughter-in-law", loaned to S before that? Smy *we-?
"knee ~ elbow" - - - - *pidźəs - *päs - -
"to tear" - *ńɤckē- - - K. ńečkɨ- ńeš- - E ńeć-
""
"dark" *pimeðä - - - *peľmɨt - - - *pəjmətä *-d₂m- ? cf. Smy. #pij "dark"
"to unhair" - *nɤvē- ńeveľe/ila- - - - nä/oɣt- *ɳaaw- *nïŋkə- F. nivo- ← S.
"to sho" Es. viisA- - - - U. vodź- ~ K. vidź- viɟaaz- - - - Cf. Gmc?
"narro" - - ťäj- - - - - - #täj- Better *ä
"decking" - - - - K. tis(k)a - - - *tät better *täskə?
"grave" - - - *šüɣer - šee/iir(o-),
†seyr		 - - -
"to run; to hurry" - - Er. čije- - - šiet- *ćiɣ
'time'		 - - source for Ms?? Better *e-ä
"sleigh belt" - *čɤnɤ - - - - - - Ne. śān ← IE?
"to moov" *liikku- - - - - - *luk-, *läkʷ- *ɬok- *ləkə-
"peg" - *cɤŋkē - - *čög čegeľ - - - Or S ~ *tüŋkä
"gums" *igen - - - *aŋ iiń(e-) - - - Better *jEkəń(ə); add OUg
"evening" *ilta - Mk. iľä - - - - W *iiLaaj - better *je-?
"son" - - - *iɣə - - - N. jiix (!) Sk. ii
"this / that / it" *se : *sii- - *śä "this"
*śijä "there"		 *seðe - - - *ćii₁ *kä(tɜ)
"I" *minä :
*minu-		 *mon *mon *mĭńə₂ *mön (een :
engëm)		 (*äm) *mää(n) *mə̈n
""
Retrieved from "http://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Proto-Uralic/I&oldid=119827"