|
|
| (9 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| ==Pronunciation table==
| |
| {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
| |
| !p
| |
| !b
| |
| !f
| |
| !v
| |
| !m̃
| |
| !m
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| !t
| |
| !d
| |
| !þ
| |
| !ð
| |
| !ɫ
| |
| !l
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| !ṡ
| |
| !ż
| |
| !s
| |
| !z
| |
| !r
| |
| !n
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| !k
| |
| !g
| |
| !x
| |
| ![[Wikipedia:Gha|ƣ]]
| |
| !h
| |
| ![[Wikipedia:Yogh|ȝ]]
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| !š
| |
| !s̨
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| !i
| |
| !e
| |
| !a
| |
| ![[Wikipedia:Ogonek#Similar diacritics|ǫ]]
| |
| !o
| |
| !u
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| !ĭ
| |
| !ĕ
| |
| !ŭ
| |
| |-
| |
| |/p/
| |
| |/b/
| |
| |/ɸ/
| |
| |/β/
| |
| |/m̥/
| |
| |/m/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |/t/
| |
| |/d/
| |
| |/θ/
| |
| |/ð/
| |
| |/l̥/
| |
| |/l/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |/ʦ/
| |
| |/ʣ/
| |
| |/s/
| |
| |/z/
| |
| |/ɾ̥/
| |
| |/n/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |/k/
| |
| |/g/
| |
| |/ç/
| |
| |/ʝ/
| |
| |/j̊/
| |
| |/j/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |/sʷ/
| |
| |/sʲ/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |/i/
| |
| |/e/
| |
| |/ä/
| |
| |/ɒ/
| |
| |/o/
| |
| |/u/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |/ɪ/
| |
| |/ɛ/
| |
| |/ʊ/
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
|
| |
| ==Notes==
| |
| *''cpd'' = a compound of two or more roots, ''e.g.'', '''a̋a̋þe''', fire + '''ǧa̋ro''', mountain = '''aaþǧa̋ro''', volcano.
| |
| *''drv'' = a word derived from a root, ''e.g.'', '''da̋a̋e''', river < '''da̋a̋a''', ''i.v.'' flow.
| |
| *''pol'' = a word with a different, but related sense to an original root, ''e.g.'', '''ðűmbo''', crater < '''ðűmbo''', depression in the earth.
| |
| *At the end is a legend, Total: 81/3+0/.04%. This means that there are 81 root words ([[Wikipedia:Lemma (morphology)|lemmata]]) of which 3 are verbs and none are adjectives which can be treated as stative verbs. The last number means that .04 percent of the vocabulary is verbs.
| |
| *These words are not numbered, as only original roots are numbered.
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| ==Land features – '''naalzı̋nos'''==
| |
| *''cpd'' '''aamƣoore̋to''', watershed ['''a̋a̋me''', flowing water; '''ƣoore̋to''', ridge].
| |
| *''cpd'' '''áántaaindı̋mo''', atoll [< '''a̋a̋no''', ring; '''ta̋a̋ino''', rock; '''dı̋mo''', island].
| |
| *001 '''a̋a̋ro''', glade [< '''a̋a̋ra''', t.v. expand].
| |
| *''cpd'' '''aaþǧa̋r|o''', volcano ['''a̋a̋þe''', fire; '''ǧa̋ro''', mountain ]. '''-i''', adj. volcanic.
| |
| *002 '''a̋fro''', bank [''of a river''].
| |
| *003 '''agűlo''', wilderness [> Turkish ''<u>ayl</u>ak'', lonely place].
| |
| *004 '''bűsko''', thicket, brake [> Latin ''<u>busc</u>us'', forest].
| |
| *005 '''b̨őso''', mountain slope [> Japanese ''<u>was</u>e'', early rice].
| |
| *''drv'' '''da̋a̋e''', river [''anim.''] [< '''da̋a̋a''', ''i.v.'' flow].
| |
| *''cpd'' '''daalı̋m̃o''', quicksand ['''da̋a̋a''', ''i.v.'' flow; '''lı̋m̃o''', sand].
| |
| *''drv'' '''da̋a̋po''', mountain pass [< '''da̋a̋pa''', cross (''mountain'')].
| |
| *006 '''da̋no''', low ground.
| |
| *007 '''dı̋m|o''', island [> Tamil ''<u>tim</u>il'', eminence]. '''-ı̋ȝo''', archipelago. '''-i''', ''adj.'' insular. '''-ko''', isle, islet.
| |
| *008 '''dı̋po''', hillock, knoll [> Telugu ''<u>tip</u>pa'', hillock].
| |
| *009 '''d̨a̋a̋no''', terrace [''between steppe and riverbank''] [> Mongolian ''<u>den</u>ǯi'', terrace].
| |
| *010 '''ða̋ilo''', watershed [> English, ''<u>deal</u>''].
| |
| *''drv'' '''ða̋n|o''', ledge. '''-ta̋a̋ino''', sedimentary rock.
| |
| *011 '''ðı̋sno''', dune, sandhill [> Greek ''θίϛ'', heap of sand].
| |
| *''pol'' '''ðűmbo''', crater [< '''ðűmbo''', depression in the earth].
| |
| *012 '''ere̋k|o''', chasm, ravine, gorge, canyon [> Gipuzkoan ''<u>errek</u>a'', ravine]. '''-i''', ''adj.'' chasmal.
| |
| *013 '''fa̋a̋k|o''', crag, cliff, ridge [> [[Wikipedia:Ulch language|Ulcha]] ''<u>pāq</u>ta'', precipice]. '''-i''', ''adj.'' craggy.
| |
| *''pol'' '''fı̋s|o''', crevice, fissure, gap, rift [< '''fı̋so''', cleft]. '''-żo''', crevasse.
| |
| *''cpd'' '''foolża̋vo''', brushwood.
| |
| *014 '''fűr|o''', woodland, woods, forest, hurst, timberland, weald [> Japanese ''<u>mòr</u>i'', forest]. '''-i''', ''adj.'' wooded, woody, forested.
| |
| *015 '''ga̋ndo''', scree [> Etruscan ''<u>gand</u>a'', scree].
| |
| *016 '''gűp|i''', bush, shrub [> Kurukh ''<u>xop</u>pā'', bush]. '''-ı̋ȝo''', brush.
| |
| *''cpd'' '''gusfűro''', temperate forest ['''gűsa''', ''i.v.'' fall [''of leaves'']; '''fűro''', forest].
| |
| *017 '''ǧa̋r|o''', mountain [> Slavic ''Црна <u>Гор</u>а'', Montenegro]. '''-fa̋do''', rock face, escarpment. '''-ȝeƣta̋lo''', alpine tundra. '''-m̃i''', ''adj.'' mountainous.
| |
| *''cpd'' '''hurðűmbo''', watering-, -hole, -place, oasis ['''hűre''', water; '''ðűmbo''', depression in the earth].
| |
| *018 '''ȝa̋ṡo''', pine forest [> Mari B ''<u>jak</u>te'', spruce].
| |
| *''cpd'' '''ȝeƣ|da̋a̋=o''', glacier ['''ȝe̋go''', ice; '''da̋a̋e''', river]. '''=i''', ''adj.'' glacial. '''-ǧa̋ro''', iceberg [< '''ǧa̋ro''', mountain]. '''-ta̋lo''', tundra [< '''ta̋lo''', ground]. '''-þőőro''', [[Wikipedia:Serac|serac]] [< '''þőőro''', tower].
| |
| *019 '''ȝű|ko''', waterfall [> Finnish ''<u>juk</u>a'', waterfall]. '''-xżo''', cataract.
| |
| *''cpd'' '''kaim̃ǧa̋ro''', monadnock, inselberg ['''ka̋im̃i''', ''adj.'' alone '''ǧa̋ro''', mountain].
| |
| *020 '''keba̋ro''', steppe [> Mongolian ''<u>keɣer</u>e'', steppe].
| |
| *021 '''kı̋ƣo''', talus [> Yupik ''<u>qiuq</u>'', cliff].
| |
| *022 '''kirűƣ̨o''', aurora borealis, northern lights [> Yupik ''<u>qiuʁ</u>jaq/k'', aurora polaris].
| |
| *023 '''kősko''', rapids [> Estonian ''<u>kosk</u>'', rapids].
| |
| *024 '''kǫ̋mo''', marsh island [> Khanty ''<u>χŏm</u>ës'', bog hill].
| |
| *''cpd'' '''kúðȝeƣta̋lo''', Arctic tundra ['''kűðo''', north; '''ȝeƣta̋lo''', tundra].
| |
| *025 '''k̬ara̋m|o''', abyss. '''-i''', ''adj.'' abyssal.
| |
| *026 '''k̨ażűro''', salt steppe.
| |
| *027 '''k̨ű|do''', beach, shore, coast [> Turkish ''<u>kıj</u>ı'', seashore]. '''-ðnı̋no''', surf.
| |
| *028 '''la̋a̋m|o''', swamp, quagmire [> Latin ''<u>lām</u>a'', swamp]. '''-i''', ''adj.'' swampy.
| |
| *029 '''le̋ð|o''', valley, vale, dale, glen [> English, s<u>lad</u>e]. '''-ko''', dingle, dell.
| |
| *''pol'' '''le̋|po''', plain, esplanade, wold, open country [< '''le̋pi''', ''adj.'' flat ]. '''-fra̋ȝo''', butte.
| |
| *''cpd'' '''lim̤̃a̋a̋sto''', desert ['''lı̋m̃o''', sand; '''m̃a̋a̋sto''', wilderness].
| |
| *030 '''lőuko''', meadow, field, park [> English <u>lea</u>, ley].
| |
| *031 '''ma̋a̋ro''', rocky ground [> Turkish ''<u>bor</u>'', earth].
| |
| *032 '''moonı̋ȝo''', mountain-, -chain, -range, mountains [> English, <u>moun</u>tain].
| |
| *033 '''mőőro''', wooded hill.
| |
| *034 '''mőro''', mountain pasture.
| |
| *035 '''m̃a̋a̋mto''', wilderness [> Hungarian ''<u>vad</u>'', wild].
| |
| *036 '''m̃a̋a̋sto''', wasteland [> English <u>vast</u>].
| |
| *037 '''m̃a̋ngo''', precipice.
| |
| *038 '''m̃e̋żo''', mineral spring [> Georgian ''<u>veʒ</u>-a'' mineral spring].
| |
| *039 '''nemős|o''', grove, bosket, boscage [> Latin, ''<u>nem</u>us'' grove]. '''-ri''', ''adj.'' bosky.
| |
| *''cpd'' '''nerzǫ̋do''', undergrowth ['''ne̋ri''', ''adj.'' under; '''zǫ̋da''', ''t.v.'' grow].
| |
| *040 '''n̨a̋mo''', mountain side [> Turkish ''<u>jam</u>aç'', mountain side].
| |
| *''cpd'' '''oonle̋po''', plateau tableland ['''őőni''', ''adj.'' high; '''le̋po''', plain].
| |
| *041 '''pa̋a̋rto''', heath, grassland, prairie, pampas, campo, veldt, moor [> Latin prātum, meadow].
| |
| *''cpd'' '''peðra̋ȝo''', foothill ['''pe̋do''', foot; '''ra̋ȝo''', hill].
| |
| *''cpd'' perkŭfűro, oak forest ['''pe̋rk̬i''', oak; '''fűro''', forest].
| |
| *''drv'' '''ƣoore̋to''', ridge [''mountain''] [< '''ƣőőra''', ''i.v.'' jut out].
| |
| *''cpd'' '''ƣoor|na̋a̋lo''', promontory, headland ['''ƣőőra''', ''i.v.'' jut out; '''na̋a̋lo''', land]. '''-ta̋a̋ino''', [[Wikipedia:Nunatak|nunatak]] ['''ta̋a̋ino''', stone].
| |
| *042 '''ra̋ȝ|o''', hill [> German ''<u>Rai</u>n'', ridge]. '''-de̋hmo''', hillside.
| |
| *043 '''sa̋ȝo''', area covered with stones, stony riverbed [> Japanese ''<u>sè</u>'', shallow place].
| |
| *''drv'' '''sala̋a̋mo''', salina, salt marsh.
| |
| *044 '''sı̋ro''', peninsula, cape [> Evenki ''<u>sir</u>kun'', cape].
| |
| *''cpd'' '''suum̃fűro''', rainforest, jungle ['''suum̃e''', rain; '''fűro''', forest].
| |
| *045 '''ṡa̋rlo''', overfall [> Hungarian ''<u>sell</u>ő'', overfall].
| |
| *046 '''ṡarsa̋a̋k|o''', torrent. '''-i''', ''adj.'' torrential.
| |
| *047 '''ṡı̋mo''', peak, summit, pinnacle, top [> Tamil ''<u>cim</u>ai'', mountain summit].
| |
| *''cpd'' '''ṡooƣȝűxżo''', pyroclastic flow.
| |
| *''cpd'' '''ṡ̬oka̋m̃ro''', shallows, shoal, sandbank.
| |
| *''cpd'' '''tálx̨umla̋a̋mo''', peat bog ['''ta̋le''', earth; '''x̨űmo''', coal; '''la̋a̋mo''', swamp].
| |
| *048 '''te̋e̋ngo''', alluvial plain.
| |
| *049 '''te̋þ|o''', bog, fen, marsh, morass [> Manchurian ''<u>det</u>u'', steppe]. '''-i''', ''adj.'' boggy, marshy.
| |
| *''cpd'' '''tiif̨őőlo''', defile ['''tı̋ȝi''', ''adj.'' narrow; '''f̨őőlo''', path] .
| |
| *''cpd'' '''tiina̋a̋lo''', isthmus ['''tı̋ȝi''', ''adj.'' narrow; '''na̋a̋lo''', land].
| |
| *''cpd'' '''tivra̋ȝo''', grassy knoll '''[tibi''', grass; '''ra̋ȝo''', hill].
| |
| *''pol'' '''tűbo''', brow [< '''tűbo''', edge].
| |
| *050 '''þe̋e̋no''', lowland [> Japanese ''<u>tan</u>í'' valley].
| |
| *051 '''va̋rm̃o''', coniferous forest [> Old English ''<u>bear</u>o'', grove].
| |
| *052 '''ža̋m̃o''', avalanche [> Georgian ''<u>zvav</u>'', snow slide].
| |
| *053 '''z̨űngo''', tussock in a swamp [> Proto-Tungusic *''<u>suŋ</u>nī-'', tussock in a swamp].
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| ==Fresh water features – '''šááðhurzı̋nos'''==
| |
| *054 '''ehe̋r|o''', lake [> Russian ''<u>озер</u>о'', lake]. '''-i''', ''adj.'' lacustrine.
| |
| *055 '''ga̋vo''', watercourse [> Etruscan ''<u>gav</u>a'' watercourse].
| |
| *''cpd'' '''ǧárehe̋ro''', mountain lake tarn ['''ǧa̋ro''', mountain; '''ehe̋ro''', lake].
| |
| *056 '''itűro''', spring, source, fountain [> Gipuzcoan ''<u>itur</u>ri'', spring].
| |
| *057 '''ȝűrmo''', deep pool in river [Komi ''<u>jurm</u>a'', deep place in water].
| |
| *058 '''la̋xm̃o''', pond [> English <u>lake</u>].
| |
| *059 '''lega̋ne''', rivulet, rill.
| |
| *''drv'' '''m̃a̋a̋ðo''', ford [< '''m̃a̋a̋ða''', ''t.v.'' ford].
| |
| *060 '''m̃a̋ðko''', river bend [> Hungarian ''<u>völg</u>y'', valley].
| |
| *061 '''nőro''', moss on stream bed [> Saami ''<u>ńō̰r</u>a'', moss on stream bed].
| |
| *062 '''őrko''', river-, -bed, -bottom [> Finnish ''<u>ork</u>o'', wet valley].
| |
| *063 '''sǫ̋re''', creek, brook.
| |
| *064 '''ṡa̋a̋ȝo''', sandbar [> Turkish ''<u>čaj</u>'', small river].
| |
| *''drv'' '''ṡuuṡűűmo''', whirlpool eddy.
| |
| *065 '''vőge''', stream [> German ''<u>Bach</u>'', brook].
| |
| *066 '''xofı̋ro''', rift [''in a river''] [> Turkish ''<u>körp</u>ü'', bridge].
| |
|
| |
| ==Marine water features – '''márhurzı̋nos'''==
| |
| *067 '''aatűnto''', bore, eagre.
| |
| *068 '''ana̋lo''', drift ice [> Greenlandic Inupik ''<u>anaʁɫ</u>uk'', dirty piece of calved ice].
| |
| *069 '''de̋lṡa''', ''t.v.'' make rough [''sea''].
| |
| *''cpd'' '''gaƣkűűmo''', tsunami, tidal wave ['''ga̋gi''', ''adj.'' gigantic; '''kűűmo''', wave].
| |
| *''cpd'' '''ȝeƣma̋re''', polar sea ['''ȝe̋go''', ice; '''ma̋re''', sea].
| |
| *''cpd'' '''ȝuma̋re''', inland sea ['''ȝűi''', ''adj.'' inside; '''ma̋re''', sea].
| |
| *070 '''kaȝe̋mƣo''', shore ice [> Greenlandic Inupik ''<u>qāŋ</u>ŋuq'', ice edge].
| |
| *071 '''kűűm|o''', wave, billow, surge [> English ''<u>cum</u>ulus'']. '''-főőro''', wave crest. '''-le̋ðo''', wave trough.
| |
| *072 '''kűro''', ice floe.
| |
| *073 '''ma̋r|e''' [''anim.''] sea [> English <u>mar</u>ine]. '''-k̨űdo''', sea-, -shore, -coast. '''-ǫ̋lo''', estuary, inlet. '''-tı̋ȝo''', strait, narrows, channel, sound.
| |
| *''cpd'' '''(már)taainbűko''', reef ['''ma̋re''', sea; '''ta̋a̋ino''', stone; '''bűko''', chain].
| |
| *''cpd'' '''puskűro''', pack ice ['''pűṡa''', ''t.v.'' compress; '''kűro''', ice floe].
| |
| *074 '''se̋m|a''', ''i.v.'' flood [''of the tide'']. '''-o''', flood-, rising-, -tide. '''-żo''', spring tide.
| |
| *075 '''tena̋go''', hole under the water; shoal shallows [> Greek ''<u>τένᾰγ</u>ος'', shoal].
| |
| *076 '''tı̋ı̋rt|e''' [''anim.'']. ocean. '''-i''', ''adj.'' oceanic, pelagic.
| |
| *''cpd'' '''tiixe̋bo ''', fjord. ['''tı̋ȝi''', ''adj.'' narrow; '''xe̋bo''', bay]
| |
| *077 '''tűűfo''', bottom of the sea.
| |
| *078 '''þőőlo''', incoming tide [> Japanese ''<u>tor</u>o'', deep water].
| |
| *079 '''űnto''', tide [> Japanese ''<u>úz</u>u'', whirlpool].
| |
| *080 '''xa̋r|a''', ''i.v.'' ebb [> Japanese ''<u>kat</u>a'', ebb tide]. '''-o''', ebb(-tide), low tide. '''-żo''', neap tide.
| |
| *081 '''xe̋|bo''', bay, gulf [> Korean ''<u>k</u>ä'', estuary]. '''-vko''', cove.
| |
|
| |
| 81/3+0/.04%
| |
