Senjecas - but: Difference between revisions

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m (→‎Pronunciation chart: Orthography revision.)
m (Grammar corrections. Style revison. Glossing table updated.)
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===Pronunciation table===
==Pronunciation table==
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
!p
!p
!b
!b
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===Glossing abbreviations===
==Glossing abbreviations==
::{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|1s/p = first person singular/plural
|1s/p = first person singular/plural
|V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)
|V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)
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|EQU = equative degree
|EQU = equative degree
|INS = instrument
|INS = instrument
|Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
|PST = past
|-
|-
|2s/p = second person singular/plural
|2s/p = second person singular/plural
|ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)
|ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)
|DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
|CONV = conversive
|F = feminine
|F = feminine
|INT = intensive prefix
|INT = intensive prefix
|QUOT = direct quotation
|Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
|-
|-
|3p/m = third person [[Wikipedia:Demonstrative#distal and proximal demonstratives|proximal/medial]]
|
|ADV = adverb
|ADV = adverb
|DIM = diminutive
|DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
|FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
|FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
|M = masculine
|M = masculine
|REL = [[Wikipedia:Relativizer|relativizer]]
|QUOT = direct quotation
|-
|-
|4 = [[Wikipedia:Obviative|fourth person]]
|
|AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
|AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
|ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
|DIM = diminutive
|FUT = future
|FUT = future
|PP = patient (past) participle
|OCC = occupation suffix
|RPRF = recent perfective
|RPRF = recent perfective
|-
|-
|A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
|A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
|AP = agent (active) participle
|AP = agent (active) participle
|EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
|ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
|IMP = imperative
|IMP = imperative
|PRF = perfect
|PP = patient (past) participle
|SBJ = subjunctive
|SBJ = subjunctive
|-
|-
|G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
|G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
|AUG = augmentative
|AUG = augmentative
|ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative|elative]]
|EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
|INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
|INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
|PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
|PRF = perfect
|SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
|SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
|-
|-
|N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
|N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
|
|
|
|ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative case|elative]]
|IND = indicative
|IND = indicative
|PST = past
|PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
|
|
|}
|}




===Postposition===
==Postposition==
*1. '''ša''' - without, apart from, except
*'''1.''' '''ša''' - without, apart from, except
::'''vísu taata̋’ ša e-vı̋da:'''
*Everyone but Father left.
::Everyone but Father left.
*'''vísu taata̋' ša e-vı̋da:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!vis-u||taat-a̋-'||ša||e=vı̋d-a
!'''vis-u||taat-a̋-'||ša||e=vı̋d-a'''
|-
|-
|everyone-N.s||father-G.s-ELIS||but||PST=leave-IND
|everyone-N.s||father-G.s-ELIS||but||PST=leave-IND
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===Adverb===
==Adverb==
*2. '''átu''' - merely, only, just
*'''2.''' '''átu''' - merely, only, just
::'''átu tı̋r t̨umre̋nos taƣde̋mom do e̋sa:'''
*It is but three miles to the inn.
::It is but three miles to the inn.
*'''átu tı̋r t̨umre̋nos taƣde̋mom do e̋sa:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!átu||tı̋r||t̨umre̋n-os||taƣ-de̋m-om||do||e̋s-a
!átu||tı̋r||t̨umre̋n-os||taƣ-de̋m-om||do||e̋s-a
|-
|-
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===Conjunction===
==Conjunction==
*3. '''ši''' - except (for), excluding
*'''3.''' '''ši''' - except (for), excluding
::'''ne̋xa őpa mús o ši vı̋du e-vűűla:'''
*I had no choice but to leave.
::I had no choice but to leave.
*'''mu ne̋a őpam ši vı̋du e-űda:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!m-u||ne̋a-Ø||őp-am||ši||vı̋d-u||e=űd-a
!ne̋xa-Ø||őp-a||m-ús||o||ši||vı̋d-u||e=vűűl-a
|-
|-
|no-ABS||choice-N.s||1s-G||to||but||leave-SUP||PST=there.be-IND
|1s-N||no-ABS||choice-A.s||but||leave-SUP||PST=own-IND
|}
|}




*4. '''þóósi''' - on the contrary, but rather
*'''4.''' '''þóósi''' - on the contrary, but rather
::'''mu ƣa̋va ne þóósi pe̋e̋da:'''
*I am not rich, but poor.
::I am not rich, but poor.
*'''mu ƣa̋va ne þóósi pe̋e̋da:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!m-u||ƣa̋v-u||vűű-a||ne||þóósi||pe̋e̋d-u
!m-u||ƣa̋v-a||ne||þóósi||pe̋e̋d-a
|-
|-
|1s-N||be-rich-IND||not||but||be.poor-IND
|1s-N||rich-N.s||be-IND||not||but||poor-N.s
|}
|}




*5. '''ésti''' - however, although, nevertheless
*'''5.''' '''ésti''' - however, although, nevertheless
::'''su lábu że̋e̋ru ést' ódu gőbu vűűa:'''
*She is very old but still beautiful.
::She is very old but still beautiful.
*'''éȝu lábu że̋e̋ru ésti ódu gőbu vűűa:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!éȝ-u||lábu||że̋e̋r-u||ésti||ódu||gőb-u||vűű-a
!n-u||lábu||że̋e̋r-u||ést-'||ódu||gőb-u||vűű-a
|-
|-
|3-N.s||very||old-N.s||but-ELIS||still||beautiful-N.s||there-be-IND
|she-N.s||very||old-N.s||but||still||beautiful-N.s||be-IND
|}
|}




*6. '''ši''' - except that
*'''6.''' '''ši''' - except that
::'''mu fe̋e̋a ši de̋gaþ' űta:'''
*I cannot but feel offended.
::I cannot but feel offended.
*'''mu fe̋e̋a ši de̋gaþu űta:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!m-u||fe̋e̋-a||ši||de̋g-a-þ-u||űt-a
!m-u||fe̋e̋-a||ši||de̋g-a-þ-'||űt-a
|-
|-
|1s-N||be.unable-IND||but||offend-IND-PP-ELIS||feel-IND
|1s-N||be.unable-IND||but||offend-IND-PP-N.s||feel-IND
|}
|}




*7. '''ši''' - without it being the case that, unless that
*'''7.''' '''ši''' - without it being the case that, unless that
::'''sűűm̃a néxum ši pőza:'''
*It never rains but it pours.
::It never rains but it pours.
*'''sűűm̃a néxum ši pőza:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!sűűm̃-a||néxum||ši||pőz-a
!sűűm̃-a||néxum||ši||pőz-a
|-
|-
|rain-IND||never||but||pour-IND
|rain-IND||never||but||pour-IND
|}
|}

Revision as of 12:07, 19 March 2018

Pronunciation table

p b f v m̃ m t d þ ð ɫ l ṡ ż s z r n k g x ƣ h ȝ š s̨ i e a ǫ o u ĭ ĕ ŭ
/p/ /b/ /ɸ/ /β/ /m̥/ /m/ /t/ /d/ /θ/ /ð/ /l̥/ /l/ /ʦ/ /ʣ/ /s/ /z/ /ɾ̥/ /n/ /k/ /g/ /ç/ /ʝ/ /j̊/ /j/ /sʷ/ /sʲ/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /ɒ/ /o/ /u/ /ɪ/ /ɛ/ /ʊ/


Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = first person singular/plural V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural) CAUS = causative EQU = equative degree INS = instrument PST = past
2s/p = second person singular/plural ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective) CONV = conversive F = feminine INT = intensive prefix Q = interrogative particle
ADV = adverb DES = desiderative FRQ = frequentative M = masculine QUOT = direct quotation
AG = agent DIM = diminutive FUT = future OCC = occupation suffix RPRF = recent perfective
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural) AP = agent (active) participle ELIS = elision IMP = imperative PP = patient (past) participle SBJ = subjunctive
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural) AUG = augmentative EP = epenthesis INC = inchoative PRF = perfect SUP = supine
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural) ELT = elative IND = indicative PRV = privative prefix


Postposition

  • 1. ša - without, apart from, except
  • Everyone but Father left.
  • vísu taata̋' ša e-vı̋da:
vis-u taat-a̋-' ša e=vı̋d-a
everyone-N.s father-G.s-ELIS but PST=leave-IND


Adverb

  • 2. átu - merely, only, just
  • It is but three miles to the inn.
  • átu tı̋r t̨umre̋nos taƣde̋mom do e̋sa:
átu tı̋r t̨umre̋n-os taƣ-de̋m-om do e̋s-a
but three mile-N.p travel-building-A.s to be-IND


Conjunction

  • 3. ši - except (for), excluding
  • I had no choice but to leave.
  • mu ne̋a őpam ši vı̋du e-űda:
m-u ne̋a-Ø őp-am ši vı̋d-u e=űd-a
1s-N no-ABS choice-A.s but leave-SUP PST=own-IND


  • 4. þóósi - on the contrary, but rather
  • I am not rich, but poor.
  • mu ƣa̋va ne þóósi pe̋e̋da:
m-u ƣa̋v-u vűű-a ne þóósi pe̋e̋d-u
1s-N rich-N.s be-IND not but poor-N.s


  • 5. ésti - however, although, nevertheless
  • She is very old but still beautiful.
  • éȝu lábu że̋e̋ru ésti ódu gőbu vűűa:
éȝ-u lábu że̋e̋r-u ésti ódu gőb-u vűű-a
she-N.s very old-N.s but still beautiful-N.s be-IND


  • 6. ši - except that
  • I cannot but feel offended.
  • mu fe̋e̋a ši de̋gaþu űta:
m-u fe̋e̋-a ši de̋g-a-þ-u űt-a
1s-N be.unable-IND but offend-IND-PP-N.s feel-IND


  • 7. ši - without it being the case that, unless that
  • It never rains but it pours.
  • sűűm̃a néxum ši pőza:
sűűm̃-a néxum ši pőz-a
rain-IND never but pour-IND
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