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Siye Dialects: Difference between revisions

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u > i
u > i
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Cases
! Case Number
! Case Suffix
! Notes
|-
! Nominative
| 1, 1a
| -0
|
|-
! Absolutive
| 1, 1b
| -0
|
|-
! Accusative
| 2
| -{{IPA|[a]}}, -0
| from Tide -ŋa
|-
! Ergative
| 3
| -{{IPA|[ja]}}, -{{IPA|[na]}}
| from Tide -ɲa, Thide -sa
|-
! Genitive
| 4
| -{{IPA|[ne]}}
| from Tide -ŋë, Thide -kë
|-
! Possessive
| 5
| -{{IPA|[me]}}
| possibly from Tide definite pronoun /me/, Thide /me/
|-
! Ablative
| 6
| -{{IPA|[sɪⁿ]}}
| from Siye -sum
|-
! Locative
| 7
| -{{IPA|[kɛⁿ]}}
| from Tide -këŋ
|-
! Allative-Dative
| 8
| -{{IPA|[si]}}
| from Siye -su
|-
! Dative-Benefactive
| 9
| -{{IPA|[tsu]}}
| from Siye -tu
|-
! Instrumental
| 10
| -{{IPA|[tʃi]}}
| from Siye -ki
|-
! Comitative
| 13
| -{{IPA|[ɲi]}}
| from Siye -ni
|-
! Adverbial
| 11
| -{{IPA|[xi]}}
| from Siye -ku
|-
! Equative
| 12
| -{{IPA|[ɸi]}}
| from Siye -pu
|-
! Animate Instrumental
| 14
| -{{IPA|[netʃi]}}
| from Siye -ne + eki, instrumental postposition from instrumental case of inanimate pronoun 'e'
|-
! Elative
| 15
| -{{IPA|[nɛⁿsɪⁿ]}}
| from Siye -ne + emsum, analogical ablative of emtu 'inner' from emtu 'innards'
|-
! Inessive
| 16
| -nemkim
| from Siye -ne + emkim, analogical locative of emtu 'inner' from emtu 'innards'
|-
! Illative
| 17
| -nemtu
| from Siye -ne + emtu, locative postposition 'inner' from emtu "innards"
|-
! Abessive
| 18
| -neto
| from Siye -ne + to "without", from Thide tʰo "absence"
|-
! Causal
| 19
| -neya
| from -ne + eya, analogical causal of clause-final causal -ya
|-
|}


===Changes in Tsishi===
===Changes in Tsishi===

Revision as of 14:20, 16 March 2018

None of the dialects participate in the recent (2248/49) voicing changes of Standard Siye

Siye (Susu)

The dialect of Siye dismissively known as Susu has as its principal feature the collapse of the affricates into the fricatives. This creates surprisingly few problems, so much so that some broad-minded Simayamka consider Susu 'barely a dialect' (a compliment). The main grammatical feature of Susu is the replacement of the directional suffix /tu/ [su], now homophonous with the directional suffix /su/ [su], with /sa/ [sa].

Examples Meaning Standard Spelling Standard Pronunciation Susu Pronunciation
fortress /kilu/ [ʧʰi.lu] [ʃi.lu]
hudzu-priest /kutum/ [xu.dzʊⁿ] [xu.sʊⁿ]
wisemen /pimuyamka/ [tçʰi.mu.jæⁿ.ka] [çi.mu.jæⁿ.ka]
Cases Case Number Case Suffix Notes
Nominative 1, 1a -0
Absolutive 1, 1b -0
Accusative 2 -a, -ha, -0
Ergative 3 -ya, -na
Genitive 4 -ne, (etym.) -e
Possessive 5 -me
Ablative 6 -sum
Locative 7 -kem
Allative-Dative 8 -su from Siye -su, -tu
Instrumental 10 -ʃi from Siye -ki
Comitative 13 -ni
Adverbial 11 -ku
Equative 12 -pu
Animate Instrumental 14 -neʃi
Elative 15 -nemsum
Inessive 16 -nemʃim
Illative 17 -nemsu
Abessive 18 -neto
Causal 19 -neya
General Directionals Abbreviation Meaning Notes
-[ʃi]- DIR.STAT in place
-[na]- DIR.SUPER up
-[nu]- DIR.SUB down
-[su]- DIR.ABL away from
-[sa]- DIR.ALL towards Replaces -[su]- from Siye -[tsu]-

Siye (Tsishi)

The Tsishi dialect features the coalescence of the high vowels and the creation of new phonemes from allophones.

l > ʎ/_i /lusili/, 'town, city' Standard [lu.ʃi.li], Tsishi [li.ʃi.ʎi]

n > ɲ/_i /omnuni/ 'lustful(ly)', Standard [ɔⁿ.nu.ni], Tsishi [ɔⁿ.nu.ɲi]

u > i

Cases Case Number Case Suffix Notes
Nominative 1, 1a -0
Absolutive 1, 1b -0
Accusative 2 -[a], -0 from Tide -ŋa
Ergative 3 -[ja], -[na] from Tide -ɲa, Thide -sa
Genitive 4 -[ne] from Tide -ŋë, Thide -kë
Possessive 5 -[me] possibly from Tide definite pronoun /me/, Thide /me/
Ablative 6 -[sɪⁿ] from Siye -sum
Locative 7 -[kɛⁿ] from Tide -këŋ
Allative-Dative 8 -[si] from Siye -su
Dative-Benefactive 9 -[tsu] from Siye -tu
Instrumental 10 -[tʃi] from Siye -ki
Comitative 13 -[ɲi] from Siye -ni
Adverbial 11 -[xi] from Siye -ku
Equative 12 -[ɸi] from Siye -pu
Animate Instrumental 14 -[netʃi] from Siye -ne + eki, instrumental postposition from instrumental case of inanimate pronoun 'e'
Elative 15 -[nɛⁿsɪⁿ] from Siye -ne + emsum, analogical ablative of emtu 'inner' from emtu 'innards'
Inessive 16 -nemkim from Siye -ne + emkim, analogical locative of emtu 'inner' from emtu 'innards'
Illative 17 -nemtu from Siye -ne + emtu, locative postposition 'inner' from emtu "innards"
Abessive 18 -neto from Siye -ne + to "without", from Thide tʰo "absence"
Causal 19 -neya from -ne + eya, analogical causal of clause-final causal -ya


Changes in Tsishi

Recent (2250) changes in the Tsishi dialect have produced geminate consonants and closed oral syllables.

ʧ > ʃʃ [-ʃʃi] INS vs [-ʃi] INCL

ʦ > ss [-ssi] DAT vs [-si] ALL vs [-s◌̃ɪ] ABL

ʎ > ll [ʃilli] 'house', [ʧili] 'fort' [liʃillisi] 'to the town'

ɲ > nn [-nni] COM [-ni] DIR.SUB

Siye (Tsushi)

Tsushi is a newly (2250) recorded dialect or sub-dialect of Tsishi. Hypercorrection of the consonants preceding Tsishi i < u, i has resulted in:

[xi] for /ki/ [tʃi]

[ɸi] for initial /pi/ [tç]

[ʃu] for non-initial /pu/ [ɸu]

[si] for /si/ [ʃi]

Ye

Ye has two variations, rural and urban. Urban Ye has restored the Standard Siye vowels, but Rural Ye has kept the original vowel changes.

Cases Case Number Case Suffix Notes
Nominative-Absolutive 1, 1a -0
Accusative 2 -[ɔ]
Ergative 3 -[nɔ]
Vocative 20 -[i]
Genitive 4 -[ne]
Possessive 5 -[me]
Ablative 6 -[◌̃ɛ], -0
Locative 7 -[k◌̃æ]
Allative-Dative (8) 9 -[θi]
Instrumental 10 -[xi]
Comitative 13 -[ni]
Elative 15 -[k◌̃ɛ] LOC + ABL
Inessive 16 -[k◌̃æxi] LOC + LOC
Illative 17 -[k◌̃æθi] LOC + ALL
Abessive 18 -[nito] COM + to
General Directionals Abbreviation Meaning Notes
-[xi]- DIR.STAT in place
-[nɔ]- DIR.SUPER up
-[ni]- DIR.SUB down Older [ny]
-[i]-, -[0]- DIR.ABL away from Older [y], [hy]; Ye absence of Directional implies DIR.ABL
-[θi]- DIR.ALL towards Older [θy]
PAM Suffixes Abbreviation Aspect Polarity Mood Notes Early Siye
-[mɔ]- IPFV.POS.RLS (PAM1, P1) Imperfective Positive Realis -mea-
-[nɔ]- PFV.POS.RLS (PAM2, P2) Perfective Positive Realis -nea-
-[me]- IPFV.POS.IRLS (PAM3, P3) Imperfective Positive Irrealis -me-
-[ne]- PFV.POS.RLS (PAM4, P4) Perfective Positive Irrealis -ne-
-[mɔ:]- IPFV.POS.RLS (PAM5, P5) Imperfective Negative Realis -meau-
-[nɔ:]- PFV.POS.RLS (PAM6, P6) Perfective Negative Realis -neau-
-[me:]- IPFV.POS.IRLS (PAM7, P7) Imperfective Negative Irrealis Subjunctive -meu-
-[ne:]- PFV.POS.IRLS (PAM8, P8) Perfective Negative Irrealis Contrafactual -neu-

Urban Ye

s, ɸ, ʃ > h

tʃ > ʃ

ts > s

tç > ç

w, j > 0 /kiwa/ 'red' Standard [ʧʰi.ʋɑ], Urban Ye [xɑ:], Rural Ye [xɔ:]

h > 0 /eleyemputsuma/, Standard [e.le.jɛⁿ.ɸu.tsu.mɑ], Urban Ye [e.lɛⁿ:.ʔu.θu.mɑ], Rural Ye [e.lɛⁿ:.ʔy.θy.mɔ]

ʃ > x /kilusu/ 'towards the fortress' Standard [ʧʰi.lu.su], Urban Ye [xi.lu:]

s > θ /kamsutu/ 'cloak', Standard [kæⁿ.su.tsu], Urban Ye [kʰæⁿ.ʔu.θu]

ç > s /pitake/ 'beast', Standard [tçʰi.tɑ.ke], Urban Ye [si.tɑ.ke], Rural Ye [si.tɔ.ke]

Rural Ye

ɛⁿ > æⁿ /-kem/ loc., Standard [gɛⁿ], Rural Ye [gæⁿ]

ɑ > ɔ /pala/ 'what?', Standard/Urban Ye [pɑ.lɑ], Rural Ye [pɔ.lɔ]

æⁿ > ɪɘⁿ Mostly found in local words of pre-Siye origin - Rural Ye /ansa/ 'Martian duck' [ɪɘⁿ.sjɘⁿ]

Cæⁿ > Cjɘⁿ /kamsutu/ 'cloak', Standard [kæⁿ.su.tsu], Rural Ye [kʰjɘⁿ.y.θy]

ɔⁿ > ɒⁿ /omnum/ 'ecstasy', Standard [ɔⁿ.nʌⁿ], Rural Ye [ɒⁿ.nɛⁿ]

u > y /kilu/ 'towards the fortress', Standard [ʧʰi.lu.su], Rural Ye [xi.ly:]

ʌⁿ > ɛⁿ /omnum/ 'ecstasy', Standard [ɔⁿ.nʌⁿ], Rural Ye [ɒⁿ.nɛⁿ]

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