Kala/affixes: Difference between revisions
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:: '''neko ke panya mata<span style="color:red">pya</span>''' - <small>cat O mouse kill-ATT</small> - ''The cat is trying to kill the mouse.'' | :: '''neko ke panya mata<span style="color:red">pya</span>''' - <small>cat O mouse kill-ATT</small> - ''The cat is trying to kill the mouse.'' | ||
:: '''ima ha ina<span style="color:red">pya</span>k''' - <small>now 3s eat-ATT-NEG</small> - ''She hasn't tried to eat yet.'' | :: '''ima ha ina<span style="color:red">pya</span>k''' - <small>now 3s eat-ATT-NEG</small> - ''She hasn't tried to eat yet.'' | ||
* '''-mpa''' marks "many/much~" ('''many''') | |||
: from [[Kala/lexicon#mpa|'''mpa''']] (originally from '''-m''' "plural" + '''-ha''' "augmentative") | |||
:: '''yemita<span style="color:red">mpa</span>''' - <small>DIST-dog-many</small> - ''Those many dogs (over there).'' | |||
* '''-ta''' marks the [[wp:Grammatical_gender|Masculine]] ('''MASC''') | * '''-ta''' marks the [[wp:Grammatical_gender|Masculine]] ('''MASC''') | ||
Revision as of 10:11, 6 November 2017
See also: Kala lexicon
These are the functional affixes used in Kala.
- -pa marks the Abilitative (ABIL)
- from pala
- na mokuyepak - 1s sleep-PST-ABIL-NEG - I was unable to sleep.
- nam mue pana ke mauam anyapak - 1pl without rain O flower-PL see-ABIL-NEG - We cannot see the flowers without rain.
- -pya marks the Attemptative (ATT)
- from upya
- neko ke panya matapya - cat O mouse kill-ATT - The cat is trying to kill the mouse.
- ima ha inapyak - now 3s eat-ATT-NEG - She hasn't tried to eat yet.
- -mpa marks "many/much~" (many)
- from mpa (originally from -m "plural" + -ha "augmentative")
- yemitampa - DIST-dog-many - Those many dogs (over there).
- -ta marks the Masculine (MASC)
- from tlaka
- mo ke umata hayo ka - place O horse-MASC 3s.GEN Q - Where's her stallion?
- -te marks the Precative (PREC)
- from teya
- ke asi yetate - O salt give-PREC - Will you please pass me the salt?
- simate - sit-PREC - Please, sit.
- ti- marks a Multiple (MUL)
- from tiha
- tiueta'o - MUL-ten-two - duodecuple
- -ke marks the Dubitative (DUB)
- from ketsa
- ha tsakahueke - 3s home-LOC-DUB - I guess he is at home. lit: He is at home, supposedly.
- kam inyake - 3pl hunger-DUB - (It's doubtful that) they are hungry.
- -ma marks "time for ~" (time.for)
- from ama
- yomatli tsulama - tomorrow clebrate-time.for - Tomorrow is time for celebration.
- -na marks the Feminine (FEM)
- from naka
- mo ke umana hayo ka - place O horse-FEM 3s.GEN Q - Where's his mare?
- -ne marks the Propositive (PROP)
- from neya
- ta mokune - 2s sleep-PROP - You should sleep.
- -sa marks "room for/of ~" (room)
- from sala
- nahi mokusahue hayo - girl sleep-room-LOC 3s.GEN - The girl is in her bedroom.
- -ha marks the Augmentative (AUG)
- from taha
- ke tsakaha kamyo nyome - O house-AUG 3pl.GEN beige - Their mansion is beige.
- -tsa marks "damned/cursed ~" (damn)
- from tsaya
- na itantitsa nomok - 1s PROX-truck-damn enjoy-NEG - I don't like this damned truck!
- -tlai marks the Immediate Future (IMM)
- -tli marks the Future Tense (FUT)
- from atli
- naka tahi tlepatli - woman boy teach-FUT - The woman will teach the boy.
Notes
- The -u / u- is used to replace redundant syllables.
