User:Masako/nkala: Difference between revisions
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= verbs = | = verbs = | ||
The '''kamalo''' verb is quite complex and inflects for many grammatical categories. The verb is composed of a root, prefixes, and suffixes. The prefixes indicate the person of the subject, and person and number of the object and indirect object, whereas the suffixes indicate tense, aspect, mood and possession. | |||
* '''wakoyemapotla''' | |||
: '''wa-ko-yem-ap-otl-a''' | |||
: <small>1sg-3pl-eat-CAUS-DES-NPST</small> | |||
: ''"I want to feed them"'' | |||
== verb modifiers == | == verb modifiers == | ||
* '''-a''' - active; present tense [ACT] | * '''-a''' - active; present tense [ACT] | ||
* '''-at-''' - augmentative; large [AUG] | |||
* '''-atl-''' - tentative; possible [TENT] | * '''-atl-''' - tentative; possible [TENT] | ||
* '''-e''' - past tense; perfective [PST] | * '''-e''' - past tense; perfective [PST] | ||
* '''-ok-''' - negative [NEG] | * '''-ok-''' - negative [NEG] | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 600px;" | |||
! | |||
! ''non-past'' | |||
! ''past'' | |||
! ''nominalizer'' | |||
|-align=center | |||
! - | |||
| '''mal-a'''<br>to speak; be talking | |||
| '''mal-e'''<br>to have spoken; talked | |||
| '''mal-o'''<br>language; speech | |||
|-align=center | |||
! -at- | |||
| '''mal-at-a'''<br>to explain; speak at length | |||
| '''mal-at-e'''<br>to have spoken a long while ago | |||
| '''mal-at-o'''<br>lecture; presentation | |||
|} | |||
= particles = | = particles = | ||
Revision as of 14:53, 2 September 2017
kamalo
phonology
consonants
- nasals: /m n ɲ/ m n ny
- plosives: /p t k kʷ/ p t k kw
- affricates: /t͡ɬ/ tl
- continuants: /l h~ɦ/ l h
- semivowels: /j w/ y w
All plosives, except the glottal stop, can be prenasalized: /ᵐp ⁿt ᵑk ᵑkʷ/.
vowels
Kamalo only uses three vowels; /a e o/, occasionally they contrast for length. ā ē ō
phonotactics
morphology
Kamalo is an agglutinative and polysynthetic language that makes extensive use of compounding, incorporation and derivation. That is, it can add many different prefixes and suffixes to a root until very long words are formed, and a single word can constitute an entire sentence.
nouns
pronouns
- wa- - speaker(s)
- ne- - person(s) spoken to; listener(s)
- ko- - someone else; them; other
noun modifiers
- he- - color of ~
- ye- - feminine; female [FEM]
- tla- - masculine; male [MASC]
- -o - marks noun; nominalizer [NOM]
verbs
The kamalo verb is quite complex and inflects for many grammatical categories. The verb is composed of a root, prefixes, and suffixes. The prefixes indicate the person of the subject, and person and number of the object and indirect object, whereas the suffixes indicate tense, aspect, mood and possession.
- wakoyemapotla
- wa-ko-yem-ap-otl-a
- 1sg-3pl-eat-CAUS-DES-NPST
- "I want to feed them"
verb modifiers
- -a - active; present tense [ACT]
- -at- - augmentative; large [AUG]
- -atl- - tentative; possible [TENT]
- -e - past tense; perfective [PST]
- -ok- - negative [NEG]
| non-past | past | nominalizer | |
|---|---|---|---|
| - | mal-a to speak; be talking |
mal-e to have spoken; talked |
mal-o language; speech |
| -at- | mal-at-a to explain; speak at length |
mal-at-e to have spoken a long while ago |
mal-at-o lecture; presentation |
particles
- ma - interrogative particle [INT]; "is it that"
syntax
roots
- t- - be; exist; copula [COP]
- n- - see; know; be aware; look
- mak- - love; affection; romance
- nyak- - burn; fire
- yem- - food; eat; sustenance; drink
samples
- wanemaka - 1-2-love-ACT - I love you.
- koyematloka - 3-eat-TENT-NEG-ACT - He might not eat.
- ma newane - INT 2-1-see-PST - Did you see me?
wordgen seed
C=ptkqmnfhwylx V=aeo
q|kw f|ny x|tl wo|wa
