Senjecas - still: Difference between revisions

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===Pronunciation table===
===Pronunciation table===
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
::{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
!p
!p
!b
!b
!f
!f
!v
!v
!ƿ
!m̃
!m
!m
|
|
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!þ
!þ
!ð
!ð
!ł
!ɫ
!l
!l
|
|
|
|
!c
!ṡ
!ƶ
!ż
!s
!s
!z
!z
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!g
!g
!x
!x
!ᵹ
!ƣ
!h
!h
!ȝ
!ȝ
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|
!š
!š
!ṡ
!s̨
|
|
|
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!e
!e
!a
!a
!ɔ
!õ
!o
!o
!u
!u
|
|
|
|
!ı
!ĭ
!ɛ
!ĕ
!y
!ŭ
|-
|-
|/p/
|/p/
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|/ɸ/
|/ɸ/
|/β/
|/β/
|/m̊/
|/m̥/
|/m/
|/m/
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|/ɪ/
|/ĭ/
|/ɛ/
|/ĕ/
|/ʊ/
|/ʊ/
|}
===Glossing abbreviations===
::{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|1s/p = first person singular/plural
|V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)
|CAUS = [[Wikipedia:Causative|causative]]
|EQU = equative degree
|INS = instrument
|Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
|-
|2s/p = second person singular/plural
|ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)
|DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
|F = feminine
|INT = intensive prefix
|QUOT = direct quotation
|-
|3p/m = third person [[Wikipedia:Demonstrative#distal and proximal demonstratives|proximal/medial]]
|ADV = adverb
|DIM = diminutive
|FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
|M = masculine
|REL = [[Wikipedia:Relativizer|relativizer]]
|-
|4 = [[Wikipedia:Obviative|fourth person]]
|AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
|ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
|FUT = future
|PP = patient (past) participle
|RPRF = recent perfective
|-
|A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
|AP = agent (active) participle
|EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
|IMP = imperative
|PRF = perfect
|SBJ = subjunctive
|-
|G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
|AUG = augmentative
|ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative|elative]]
|INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
|PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
|SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
|-
|N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
|
|
|IND = indicative
|PST = past
|
|}
|}




===Verb===
===Verb===
*1. '''k̬ı̨̋la''' - calm down, quiet
*1. '''k̬ı̋ı̋la''' - calm down, quiet
::'''ande̋ru ra̋vante ma̋rem e-k̬ı̨̋la:'''
::'''ande̋ru ra̋vante ma̋rem e-k̬ı̋ı̋la:'''
::The Lord stilled the raging sea.
::The Lord stilled the raging sea.


::{|class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!ande̋r-u||ra̋v-a-nte-Ø||ma̋r-em||e=k̬ı̨̋l-a
!ande̋r-u||ra̋v-a-nte-Ø||ma̋r-em||e=k̬ı̋ı̋l-a
|-
|-
|lord-NOM.SG||rage-IND-AP-ABS||sea-ACC.SG||PST=calm-IND
|lord-N.s||rage-IND-AP-ABS||sea-A.s||PST=still-IND
|}
|}


*2. '''seibe̋ȝa''' - cause to fall by drips
 
::'''kiða̋s pőlta ċą̋ton e-seibe̋ȝa:'''
*2. '''se̋ibu f̨űða''' - cause to fall by drops
::'''iða̋s pőlta ṡa̋a̋ton se̋ibu e-f̨űða:'''
::The winter warmth stilled the icicles.
::The winter warmth stilled the icicles.


::{|class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!kið-a̋s||pőlt-a||ċą̋t-on||e=seib-e̋ȝ-a
!ið-a̋s||pőlt-a||ṡa̋a̋t-on||se̋ib-u||e=f̨űð-a
|-
|-
|winter-GEN.SG||heat-NOM.SG||icicle-ACC.PL||PST=drip-CAUS-IND
|winter-G.s||warmth-N.s||icicle-A.p||drip-SUP||PST=cause-IND
|}
|}


===Noun===
===Noun===
*3. '''k̬ı̨̋lta''' – a period of calm or silence
*3. '''k̬ı̋ı̋lta''' – a period of calm or silence
::'''ȝe̋su ląta̋s k̬ilta̋s éna e-ƶe̋na:'''
::'''ȝe̋su laata̋s k̬iilta̋s éna e-że̋na:'''
::In the still of the night, Jesus was born.
::In the still of the night, Jesus was born.


::{|class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!ȝe̋s-u||ląt-a̋s||k̬ilt-a̋s||éna||e=ƶe̋n-a
!ȝe̋s-u||laat-a̋s||k̬iilt-a̋s||éna||e=że̋n-a
|-
|-
|Jesus-NOM.SG||night-GEN.SG||still(ness)-GEN.SG||in||PST=be.born-IND
|Jesus-N.s||night-G.s||still(ness)-G.s||in||PST=be.born-IND
|}
|}


*4. '''tę̋ᵹlo''' – a device for distilling liquids
 
::'''tę̋ᵹlo e-na̋ba da nu-ge̋raþos visáru e-űca:'''
*4. '''te̋e̋ƣlo''' – a device for distilling liquids
::'''te̋e̋ƣlo e-na̋ba da nu-ge̋raþos visáru e-gűűsa:'''
::The still burst and its contents splashed everywhere.
::The still burst and its contents splashed everywhere.


::{|class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!tę̋ᵹl-o||e=na̋b-a||da||nu=ge̋raþ-os||visáru||e=űc-a
!te̋e̋ƣ-l-o||e=na̋b-a||da||nu=ge̋r-a-þ-os||visáru||e=gűűs-a
|-
|-
|still-NOM.SG||PST=burst-IND||and||its=content-NOM.PL||everywhere||PST=splash-IND
|distill-AG-N.s||PST=burst-IND||and||its=hold-IND-PP-N.s||everywhere||PST=spill-IND
|}
|}


===Adjective===
===Adjective===
*5. '''k̬ı̨̋li''' – not moving, calm
*5. '''k̬ı̋ı̋li''' – not moving, calm
::'''cɪ̋cus k̬ı̨̋lus e-ɪ̋la—méti þı̋mom e-ve̋na:'''
::'''ṡɪ̋ṡus k̬ı̋ı̋lus e-ɪ̋la. méti þı̋mom e-ve̋na:'''
::The children became still when they heard the noise.
::The children became still when they heard the noise.


::{|class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!cɪ̋c-us||k̬ı̨̋l-us||e=ɪ̋l-a||méti||þı̋m-om||e=ve̋n-a
!ṡɪ̋ṡ-us||k̬ı̋ı̋l-us||e=ɪ̋l-a||méti||þı̋m-om||e=ve̋n-a
|-
|-
|child-NOM.PL||still-NOM.PL||PST=become-IND||when||noise-ACC.SG||PST=hear-IND
|child-N.p||still-N.p||PST=become-IND||when||noise-A.s||PST=hear-IND
|}
|}


*6. '''albǫ̋uli''' - not effervescing; not sparkling
 
::'''mu albǫ̋ulo ɱe̋inom bǫ̋ulanto ɱeinős þǫ́sa ne̋la:'''
*6. '''albőőuli''' - not effervescing; not sparkling
::'''mu bőőulanto m̃einős þóós' albőőulo m̃e̋inom ne̋la:'''
::I prefer a still wine to a bubbly one.
::I prefer a still wine to a bubbly one.


::{|class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!m-u||albǫ̋ulo-Ø||ɱe̋in-om||bǫ̋ul-a-nto-Ø||ɱein-ős||þǫ́sa||ne̋l-a
!m-u||bőőul-a-nto-Ø||m̃ein-ős||þóós-'||al=bőőulo-Ø||m̃e̋in-om||ne̋l-a
|-
|-
|1s-NOM||still-ABS||wine-ACC.SG||bubbly-IND-AP-ABS||wine-GEN.SG||against||prefer-IND
|1s-N||bubble-IND-AP-ABS||wind-G.s||as.opposed.to||PRV-bubble-ABS||wine-A.s||prefer-IND
|}
|}


*7. '''są̋mi''' – silent
::'''ᵹomős pósa őro są̋mo e-vų̋a:'''
::After the deafening, all was still.


::{|class=wikitable
*7. '''sa̋a̋mi''' – silent
!ᵹom-ős||pósa||őr-o||są̋m-o||e=vų̋-a
::'''őro ƣomős pósa sa̋a̋mo e-vűűa'''
::After the deafening noise, all was still.
 
::{| Class=wikitable
!őr-o||ƣom-ős||pósa||sa̋a̋m-o||e=vűű-a
|-
|-
|deafening.noise-GEN.SG||after||all-NOM.SG||still-NOM.SG||PST=be-IND
|all-N.s||loud.noise-G.s||after||silent-N.s||PST=be-IND
|}
|}


===Adverb===
===Adverb===
*8. '''k̬ı̨́lvi''' - without motion
*8. '''k̬íílvi''' - without motion
::'''nus k̬ı̨́lvi e-cűra.sį́ra dı̋slu ƶ̇ǫ̋kom e-sűka:'''
::'''nus k̬íílvi e-ṡűra. sííra dı̋slu żőőkom e-sűka:'''
::They stood still until the guard turned the corner.
::They stood still until the guard turned the corner.


::{|class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!n-us|| k̬ı̨́l-vi||e-cűr-a||sį́ra||dı̋sl-u||ƶ̇ǫ̋k-om||e=sűk-a
!n-us||k̬ííl-vi||e=ṡűr-a||sííra||dı̋s-l-u||żőők-om||e=sűk-a
|-
|-
|3-NOM.PL||still-ADV||PST=stand-IND||until||guard-NOM.SG||corner-ACC.SG||PST=turn-IND
|3.N.s||still-ADV||PST=stand-IND||until||guard-AG-N.s||corner-A.s||PST=turn-IND
|}
|}


*9. '''éstu''' - Up to a time, as in the preceding time, yet.
*9. '''éstu''' - Up to a time, as in the preceding time, yet.
::'''éstu sų̋ƿame:'''
::'''éstu sűűm̃ame:'''
::Is it still raining?
::Is it still raining?


::{|class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!éstu||sų̋ƿ-a=me
!éstu||sűűm̃-a-me
|-
|-
|still||rain-IND=Q
|still||rain-IND-Q
|}
|}


*10. '''estítu''' – to an even greater degree.
*10. '''estítu''' – to an even greater degree.
::'''mu gőxa: mu-ƶa̋mu gygőxa: mu-tąta estítu gygőxa:'''
::'''mu gőxu vűűa: mu-ża̋mu gŭgőxu vűűa: mu-ta̋a̋ta estítu gŭgőxu vűűa:'''
::I am tall. My brother is taller. My father is still taller.
::I am tall. My brother is taller. My father is still/even taller.


::{|class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!m-u||gőx-a||mu=ƶa̋m-u||gy~gőx-a||mu=tąt-a||estítu||gy~gőx-a
!m-u||gőx-u||vűű-a||mu=ża̋m-u||gŭ~gőx-u||vűű-a||mu=ta̋a̋t-a||estítu||gŭ~gőx-u||vűű-a
|-
|-
|1s-NOM||be.tall-IND||my=brother-NOM.SG||CPAR~be.tall.IND||my=father||still||CPAR~be.tall.IND
|1s.N||tall-N.s||be-IND||my=brother-N.s||ELAT=tall-N.s||be-IND||my=father-N.s||still||ELAT~tall-N.s||be-IND
|}
|}


*11. '''są́mu''' – nevertheless
 
::'''sų̋ɱa. mu vǫᵹde̋mom do są́m' u-a̋ta: '''
*11. '''sáámu''' – nevertheless
::'''sűűm̃a. mu sáámu vooƣde̋mom do u-a̋ta:'''
::It is raining; still I'll go to the bakery.
::It is raining; still I'll go to the bakery.


::{|class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!sų̋ɱ-a||m-u||vǫᵹde̋m-om||do||są́m-'||u=a̋t-a
!sűűm̃-a||m-u||sáámu||vooƣ-de̋m-om||do||u=a̋t-a
|-
|-
|rain-IND||1s-NOM||bakery-ACC.SG||to||still-EL||FUT=go-IND
|rain-IND||1s-N||still||bake-building-A.s||to||FUT=go-IND
|}
|}


*12. '''éstu''' – even, yet
*12. '''éstu''' – even, yet
::'''tı̨̋ðe ną̋ȝes ᵹűma. éstu mɪmę̋es lą̋a:'''
::'''tı̋ı̋ðe na̋a̋ȝes ƣűma. éstu mĭme̋e̋es la̋a̋a:'''
::Some dogs howl, still more bark.
::Some dogs howl, still more bark.


::{|class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!tı̨̋ðe-Ø||ną̋ȝ-es||ᵹűm-a||éstu||mɪ~mę̋-es||lą̋-a
!tı̋ı̋ðe-Ø||na̋a̋ȝ-es||ƣűm-a||éstu||mĭ~me̋e̋-es||la̋a̋-a
|-
|-
|some-ABS||dog-NOM.PL||howl-IND||still||CPAR~many-NOM.PL||bark-IND
|some-ABS||dog-N.p||howl-IND||still||ELAT~much-N.p||bark-IND
|}
|}

Revision as of 08:05, 21 July 2017

Pronunciation table

p b f v m̃ m t d þ ð ɫ l ṡ ż s z r n k g x ƣ h ȝ š s̨ i e a õ o u ĭ ĕ ŭ
/p/ /b/ /ɸ/ /β/ /m̥/ /m/ /t/ /d/ /θ/ /ð/ /l̥/ /l/ /ʦ/ /ʣ/ /s/ /z/ /ɾ̥/ /n/ /k/ /g/ /ç/ /ʝ/ /j̊/ /j/ /sʷ/ /sʲ/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /ɒ/ /o/ /u/ /ĭ/ /ĕ/ /ʊ/


Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = first person singular/plural V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural) CAUS = causative EQU = equative degree INS = instrument Q = interrogative particle
2s/p = second person singular/plural ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective) DES = desiderative F = feminine INT = intensive prefix QUOT = direct quotation
3p/m = third person proximal/medial ADV = adverb DIM = diminutive FRQ = frequentative M = masculine REL = relativizer
4 = fourth person AG = agent ELIS = elision FUT = future PP = patient (past) participle RPRF = recent perfective
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural) AP = agent (active) participle EP = epenthesis IMP = imperative PRF = perfect SBJ = subjunctive
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural) AUG = augmentative ELT = elative INC = inchoative PRV = privative prefix SUP = supine
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural) IND = indicative PST = past


Verb

  • 1. k̬ı̋ı̋la - calm down, quiet
ande̋ru ra̋vante ma̋rem e-k̬ı̋ı̋la:
The Lord stilled the raging sea.
ande̋r-u ra̋v-a-nte-Ø ma̋r-em e=k̬ı̋ı̋l-a
lord-N.s rage-IND-AP-ABS sea-A.s PST=still-IND


  • 2. se̋ibu f̨űða - cause to fall by drops
iða̋s pőlta ṡa̋a̋ton se̋ibu e-f̨űða:
The winter warmth stilled the icicles.
ið-a̋s pőlt-a ṡa̋a̋t-on se̋ib-u e=f̨űð-a
winter-G.s warmth-N.s icicle-A.p drip-SUP PST=cause-IND


Noun

  • 3. k̬ı̋ı̋lta – a period of calm or silence
ȝe̋su laata̋s k̬iilta̋s éna e-że̋na:
In the still of the night, Jesus was born.
ȝe̋s-u laat-a̋s k̬iilt-a̋s éna e=że̋n-a
Jesus-N.s night-G.s still(ness)-G.s in PST=be.born-IND


  • 4. te̋e̋ƣlo – a device for distilling liquids
te̋e̋ƣlo e-na̋ba da nu-ge̋raþos visáru e-gűűsa:
The still burst and its contents splashed everywhere.
te̋e̋ƣ-l-o e=na̋b-a da nu=ge̋r-a-þ-os visáru e=gűűs-a
distill-AG-N.s PST=burst-IND and its=hold-IND-PP-N.s everywhere PST=spill-IND


Adjective

  • 5. k̬ı̋ı̋li – not moving, calm
ṡɪ̋ṡus k̬ı̋ı̋lus e-ɪ̋la. méti þı̋mom e-ve̋na:
The children became still when they heard the noise.
ṡɪ̋ṡ-us k̬ı̋ı̋l-us e=ɪ̋l-a méti þı̋m-om e=ve̋n-a
child-N.p still-N.p PST=become-IND when noise-A.s PST=hear-IND


  • 6. albőőuli - not effervescing; not sparkling
mu bőőulanto m̃einős þóós' albőőulo m̃e̋inom ne̋la:
I prefer a still wine to a bubbly one.
m-u bőőul-a-nto-Ø m̃ein-ős þóós-' al=bőőulo-Ø m̃e̋in-om ne̋l-a
1s-N bubble-IND-AP-ABS wind-G.s as.opposed.to PRV-bubble-ABS wine-A.s prefer-IND


  • 7. sa̋a̋mi – silent
őro ƣomős pósa sa̋a̋mo e-vűűa
After the deafening noise, all was still.
őr-o ƣom-ős pósa sa̋a̋m-o e=vűű-a
all-N.s loud.noise-G.s after silent-N.s PST=be-IND


Adverb

  • 8. k̬íílvi - without motion
nus k̬íílvi e-ṡűra. sííra dı̋slu żőőkom e-sűka:
They stood still until the guard turned the corner.
n-us k̬ííl-vi e=ṡűr-a sííra dı̋s-l-u żőők-om e=sűk-a
3.N.s still-ADV PST=stand-IND until guard-AG-N.s corner-A.s PST=turn-IND


  • 9. éstu - Up to a time, as in the preceding time, yet.
éstu sűűm̃ame:
Is it still raining?
éstu sűűm̃-a-me
still rain-IND-Q


  • 10. estítu – to an even greater degree.
mu gőxu vűűa: mu-ża̋mu gŭgőxu vűűa: mu-ta̋a̋ta estítu gŭgőxu vűűa:
I am tall. My brother is taller. My father is still/even taller.
m-u gőx-u vűű-a mu=ża̋m-u gŭ~gőx-u vűű-a mu=ta̋a̋t-a estítu gŭ~gőx-u vűű-a
1s.N tall-N.s be-IND my=brother-N.s ELAT=tall-N.s be-IND my=father-N.s still ELAT~tall-N.s be-IND


  • 11. sáámu – nevertheless
sűűm̃a. mu sáámu vooƣde̋mom do u-a̋ta:
It is raining; still I'll go to the bakery.
sűűm̃-a m-u sáámu vooƣ-de̋m-om do u=a̋t-a
rain-IND 1s-N still bake-building-A.s to FUT=go-IND


  • 12. éstu – even, yet
tı̋ı̋ðe na̋a̋ȝes ƣűma. éstu mĭme̋e̋es la̋a̋a:
Some dogs howl, still more bark.
tı̋ı̋ðe-Ø na̋a̋ȝ-es ƣűm-a éstu mĭ~me̋e̋-es la̋a̋-a
some-ABS dog-N.p howl-IND still ELAT~much-N.p bark-IND
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