Senjecas - last: Difference between revisions

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===Pronunciation table===
===Pronunciation table===
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
::{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
!p
!p
!b
!b
!f
!f
!v
!v
!ƿ
!m̃
!m
!m
|
|
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!þ
!þ
!ð
!ð
!ł
!ɫ
!l
!l
|
|
|
|
!c
!ṡ
!ƶ
!ż
!s
!s
!z
!z
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!g
!g
!x
!x
!ᵹ
!ƣ
!h
!h
!ȝ
!ȝ
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|
|
!š
!š
!ṡ
!s̨
|
|
|
|
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!e
!e
!a
!a
!ɔ
!õ
!o
!o
!u
!u
|
|
|
|
!ı
!ĭ
!ɛ
!ĕ
!y
!ŭ
|-
|-
|/p/
|/p/
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|/ɸ/
|/ɸ/
|/β/
|/β/
|/m̊/
|/m̥/
|/m/
|/m/
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|/ɪ/
|/ĭ/
|/ɛ/
|/ĕ/
|/ʊ/
|/ʊ/
|}
===Glossing abbreviations===
::{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|1s/p = first person singular/plural
|V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)
|CAUS = [[Wikipedia:Causative|causative]]
|EQU = equative degree
|INS = instrument
|Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
|-
|2s/p = second person singular/plural
|ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)
|DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
|F = feminine
|INT = intensive prefix
|QUOT = direct quotation
|-
|3p/m = third person [[Wikipedia:Demonstrative#distal and proximal demonstratives|proximal/medial]]
|ADV = adverb
|DIM = diminutive
|FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
|M = masculine
|REL = [[Wikipedia:Relativizer|relativizer]]
|-
|4 = [[Wikipedia:Obviative|fourth person]]
|AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
|ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
|FUT = future
|PP = patient (past) participle
|RPRF = recent perfective
|-
|A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
|AP = agent (active) participle
|EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
|IMP = imperative
|PRF = perfect
|SBJ = subjunctive
|-
|G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
|AUG = augmentative
|ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative|elative]]
|INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
|PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
|SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
|-
|N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
|
|
|IND = indicative
|PST = past
|
|}
|}


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===Verb===
===Verb===
*1. '''še̋da''' - endure, continue over time
*1. '''še̋da''' - endure, continue over time
::'''cɪ̋cus ímu ka̋itus ka̋ȝa. ésti no dóƿ' u- še̋da ne:'''
::'''ṡĭ̋ṡus ímu ka̋itus ka̋ȝa. ésti no dóm̃' u-še̋da ne:'''
::The children seem happy now, but that won't last long.
::The children seem happy now, but that won't last long.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!cɪ̋c-us||ímu||ka̋it-us||ka̋ȝ-a||ésti||n-o||dóƿ-'||u=še̋d-a||ne
!ṡĭ̋ṡ-us||ímu||ka̋it-us||ka̋ȝ-a||ésti||n-o||dóm̃-'||u=še̋d-a||ne
|-
|-
|child-NOM.PL||now||happy-NOM.PL||seem-IND||but||that-NOM.SG||long-EL||FUT=last-IND||not
|child-N.p||now||happy-N.p||seem-IND||but||3-N.s||long||FUT=continue-IND||not
|}
|}


*2. '''t̬ı̋ła''' - hold out, continue undefeated
 
::'''őmu ƿǫᵹcaþƿű' sána u-t̬ı̋ła ne:'''
*2. '''t̬ĭ̋ɫa''' - hold out, continue undefeated
::'''őmu m̃ooƣṡaþm̃ű' sána u-t̬ĭ̋ɫa ne:'''
::The army won't last without reinforcements
::The army won't last without reinforcements


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!őm-u||ƿǫᵹ-caþƿ-ű-'||sána||u=t̬ı̋ł-a||ne
!őm-u||m̃ooƣṡaþm̃-ű-'||sána||u=t̬ĭ̋ɫ-a||ne
|-
|-
|army-NOM.SG.||additional-troops-GEN.SG-EL||without||FUT=last-IND||not
|army-N.s||additional.troops-G.s-ELIS||without||FUT=last-IND||not
|}
|}


*3. '''lų̋sa''' - shape shoes
::'''þąvą̋nlu—tei nu non vą̋ni—þa̋von lų̋sa:'''
::The cobbler lasts the shoes that he makes


::{|Class=wikitable
*3. '''lűűsa''' - shape shoes
!þąvą̋nl-u||tei||n-u||n-on||vą̋n-i||þa̋v-on||lų̋s-a
::'''þaav̈a̋a̋nlu—ȝa nu non va̋a̋na—þa̋von lűűsa:'''
::The cobbler lasts the shoes that he makes.
 
::{| Class=wikitable
!þaav-va̋a̋n-l-u||ȝa||n-u||þ-on||va̋a̋n-a||þa̋v-on||lűűs-a
|-
|-
|cobbler-NOM.SG||REL||3-NOM.SG||3-ACC.PL||make-REL||shoe-ACC.PL||last-IND
|shoe-make-AG-N.s||that||3-N.s||4-A.p||make-IND||shoe-A.p||last
|}
|}


===Noun===
*4. '''lų̋slo''' - tool for shaping shoes
::'''vǫ̋urlu tir þąvąnlűs lų̋slon e-vǫ̋ura:'''
::The thief stole three of the cobbler's lasts.
::{|Class=wikitable
!vǫ̋url-u||tir||þąvąnl-űs||lų̋sl-on||e=vǫ̋ur-a
|-
|thief-NOM.SG||three||cobbler-GEN.SG||last-ACC.PL||PST=steal-IND
|}


===Adjective===
===Adjective===
*5. '''műgi -final, ultimate'''
*4. '''műgi''' - final, ultimate
::'''na—tei nu-kőzu num e-na̋ki—műga kę̋sa e-e̋sa:'''
::'''na—ȝa nu-kőzu num e-na̋ka—műga ke̋e̋sa e-e̋sa:'''
::That was the last time his wife saw him.
::That was the last time his wife saw him.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!n-a||tei||nu=kőz-u||n-um||e=na̋k-i||műga-Ø||kę̋s-a||e=e̋s-a
!n-a||ȝa||nu=kőz-u||n-um||e=na̋k-a||műga-Ø||ke̋e̋s-a||e=e̋s-a
|-
|-
|3-NOM.SG||REL||his=wife-NOM.SG||3-ACC.SG||PST=see-REL||last-ABS||time-NOM.SG||PST=be.IND
|3-N.s||that||his=wife-N.s||3-A.s||PST=see-IND||last-ABS||time-N.s||PST=be-IND
|}
|}


*6. '''nɪne̋bi''' - most recent, latest
 
::'''bisa̋ro—tei mu nıne̋ba kęsa̋s num e-na̋ki—nús o e-e̋sa:'''
*5. '''nĭne̋bi''' - most recent, latest
::'''bisa̋ro—ȝa mu nĭne̋ba keesa̋s num e-na̋ka—nús o e-e̋sa:'''
::The last time I saw him he had a beard.
::The last time I saw him he had a beard.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!bisa̋r-o||tei||m-u||nı~ne̋ba-Ø||kęs-a̋s||n-um||e=na̋k-i||n-ús||o||e=e̋s-a
!bisa̋r-o||ȝa||m-u||nĭ~ne̋ba-Ø||kees-a̋s||n-um||e=na̋k-a||n-ús||o||e=e̋s-a
|-
|-
|beard-NOM.SG||REL||1s-NOM||CPAR~recent-ABS||time-GEN.SG||3-ACC.SG||PST=see-REL||3-GEN.SG||to||PST=be-IND
|beard-N.s||that||1s.N||ELAT~last-ABS||time-G.s||3-A.s||PST=see-IND||3-G.s||to||PST=be-IND
|}
|}


*7. '''lılísu na̋mi''' - most unlikely, least preferable
 
::'''nu—tei mu num nűsi—lılísu na̋mu hőmu e̋sa:'''
*6. '''lĭlísu na̋mi''' - most unlikely, least preferable
::'''nu—tei mu num nűsa—lĭlísu na̋mu hőmu e̋sa:'''
::He is the last person I would suspect.
::He is the last person I would suspect.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!n-u||tei||m-u||n-um||nűs-i||lı~lís-u||na̋mu-Ø||hőm-u||e̋s-a
!n-u||ȝa||m-u||n-um||nűs-a||lĭlísu||na̋mu-Ø||hőm-u||e̋s-a
|-
|-
|3-NOM.SG||REL||1s-NOM||3.ACC.SG||suspect-REL||CPAR~less-ADV||likely-ABS||person-NOM.SG||be.IND
|3-N.s||that||1-N.s||3-A.s||suspect-IND||least||likely-ABS||person-N.s||be-IND
|}
|}


*8. '''műgi''' - only one of its class
 
::'''vę̋ðlus műge leðős éna ƿa̋ilem e-ką̋da:'''
*7. '''műgi''' - only one of its class
::'''ve̋e̋ðlus műgem leðős éna m̃a̋ilem e-ka̋a̋da:'''
::The hunters killed the last wolf in the valley.
::The hunters killed the last wolf in the valley.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!vę̋ðl-us||műge-Ø||leð-ős||éna||ƿa̋il-em||e=ką̋d-a
!ve̋e̋ðl-us||műg-em||leð-ős||éna||m̃a̋il-em||e=ka̋a̋d-a
|-
|-
|hunter-NOM.PL||last-ABS||valley-GEN.SG||in||wolf-ACC.SG||PST=kill-IND
|hunter-N.p||last-A.s||valley-G.p||in||wolf-A.s||PST=kill-IND
|}
|}


*9. '''sysűpi''' - lowest in rank or degree
 
::'''ṗa̋þu sysűpo dinős túȝa są̋aþu ɪ̋lu e-ke̋la:'''
*8. '''sŭsűpi''' - lowest in rank or degree
::'''pa̋l̨u sŭsűpo dinős túȝa sa̋a̋aþu ı̋lu e-ke̋la:'''
::The girl had to be satisfied with the last prize.
::The girl had to be satisfied with the last prize.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!ṗa̋þ-u||sy~sűpo-Ø||din-ős||túȝa||są̋-a-þ-u||ɪ̋l-u||e=ke̋l-a
!pa̋l̨-u||sŭ~sűpo-Ø||din-ős||túȝa||sa̋a̋-a-þ-u||ı̋l-u||e=ke̋l-a
|-
|-
|girl-NOM.SG||CPAR~low-ABS||prize-GEN.SG||with||satisfy-IND-PP-NOM.SG||become-SUP||PST=have.to-IND
|girl-N.s||ELAT~low-ABS||prize-G.s||with||satisfy-IND-PP-N.s||become-SUP||PST=had.to-IND
|}
|}


*10. '''hes-''' - immediately before the present
 
::'''ḅą̋ge hesȝita̋s e-vűla:'''
*9. '''hes-''' - immediately before the present
::'''b̨a̋a̋ge hesȝita̋s e-vűűl-a:'''
::Last night the moon was full.
::Last night the moon was full.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!ḅą̋g-e||hes-ȝit-a̋s||e=vűl=a
!b̨a̋a̋g-e||hes=ȝit-a̋s||e=vűűl-a
|-
|-
|full.moon-NOM.SG||last-evening-GEN.SG||PST=there.be-IND
|full.moon-N.s||yester=night-G.s||PST=there.be-IND
|}
|}


*11. '''fe̋si''' – closest to a week ago
 
::'''tárona̋ha e̋sa da sa̋rno fe̋sa nęraha̋s e-e̋sa:'''
*10. '''fe̋si''' – closest to a week ago
::'''tárona̋ha e̋sa da sa̋rno fe̋sa neeraha̋s e-e̋sa:'''
::It's Wednesday, and the party was last Tuesday
::It's Wednesday, and the party was last Tuesday


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!tárona̋h-a||e̋s-a||da||sa̋rn-o||fe̋sa-Ø||nęrah-a̋s||e=e̋s-a
!tárona̋h-a||e̋s-a|||da||sa̋rn-o||fe̋sa-Ø||neerah-a̋s||e=e̋s-a
|-
|-
|Wednesday-NOM.SG||be-IND||and||party-NOM.SG||previous-ABS||Tuesday=GEN.SG||PST=be.IND
|Wednesday-N.s||be-IND||and||feast-N.s||last-ABS||Tuesday-G.s||PST=be-IND
|}
|}


===Adverb===
===Adverb===
*12. '''nɪnévi''' - most recently
*11. '''nĭnévi''' - most recently
::'''nu mum e-pǫ̋ra.méti ƿus nɪnévi e-pa̋na:'''
::'''nu mum e-poőra. méti m̃us nĭnév̈i e-pa̋na:'''
::He insulted me when we last we met.
::He insulted me when we last we met.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!n-u||m-um||e=pǫ̋r-a||méti||ƿ-us||nɪ~né-vi||e=pa̋n-a
!n-u||m-um||e=poőr-a||méti||m̃-us||nĭ~név=vi||e=pa̋n-a
|-
|-
|3-NOM.SG||1s-ACC||PST=insult-IND||when||1p-NOM||CPAR~recent-ADV||PST=meet-IND
|3-N.s||1s-A||PST=insult-IND||when||1p-N||ELAT~recent=ADV||PST=meet-IND
|}
|}


*13. '''múᵹvi''' - after everything else, finally
 
::'''nu bőnom e-tı̋ra. ésti múᵹvi e-þűka:'''
*12. '''múƣvi''' - after everything else, finally
::'''nu bőnom e-aðne̋e̋ma. ésti múƣvi e-þűka:'''
::He entered the race, but came in last.
::He entered the race, but came in last.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!n-u||bőn-om||e=tı̋r-a||ésti||múᵹ-vi||e=þűk-a
!n-u||bőn-om||e=aðne̋e̋m-a||ésti||múƣ=vi||e=þűka
|-
|-
|3.NOM-SG||race-ACC.SG||PST=enter-IND||but||final-ADV||PST=finish-IND
|3.N.s||race-A.s||PST=enter||but||last=ADV||PST=complete
|}
|}

Revision as of 07:35, 21 July 2017

Pronunciation table

p b f v m̃ m t d þ ð ɫ l ṡ ż s z r n k g x ƣ h ȝ š s̨ i e a õ o u ĭ ĕ ŭ
/p/ /b/ /ɸ/ /β/ /m̥/ /m/ /t/ /d/ /θ/ /ð/ /l̥/ /l/ /ʦ/ /ʣ/ /s/ /z/ /ɾ̥/ /n/ /k/ /g/ /ç/ /ʝ/ /j̊/ /j/ /sʷ/ /sʲ/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /ɒ/ /o/ /u/ /ĭ/ /ĕ/ /ʊ/


Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = first person singular/plural V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural) CAUS = causative EQU = equative degree INS = instrument Q = interrogative particle
2s/p = second person singular/plural ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective) DES = desiderative F = feminine INT = intensive prefix QUOT = direct quotation
3p/m = third person proximal/medial ADV = adverb DIM = diminutive FRQ = frequentative M = masculine REL = relativizer
4 = fourth person AG = agent ELIS = elision FUT = future PP = patient (past) participle RPRF = recent perfective
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural) AP = agent (active) participle EP = epenthesis IMP = imperative PRF = perfect SBJ = subjunctive
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural) AUG = augmentative ELT = elative INC = inchoative PRV = privative prefix SUP = supine
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural) IND = indicative PST = past


Verb

  • 1. še̋da - endure, continue over time
ṡĭ̋ṡus ímu ka̋itus ka̋ȝa. ésti no dóm̃' u-še̋da ne:
The children seem happy now, but that won't last long.
ṡĭ̋ṡ-us ímu ka̋it-us ka̋ȝ-a ésti n-o dóm̃-' u=še̋d-a ne
child-N.p now happy-N.p seem-IND but 3-N.s long FUT=continue-IND not


  • 2. t̬ĭ̋ɫa - hold out, continue undefeated
őmu m̃ooƣṡaþm̃ű' sána u-t̬ĭ̋ɫa ne:
The army won't last without reinforcements
őm-u m̃ooƣṡaþm̃-ű-' sána u=t̬ĭ̋ɫ-a ne
army-N.s additional.troops-G.s-ELIS without FUT=last-IND not


  • 3. lűűsa - shape shoes
þaav̈a̋a̋nlu—ȝa nu non va̋a̋na—þa̋von lűűsa:
The cobbler lasts the shoes that he makes.
þaav-va̋a̋n-l-u ȝa n-u þ-on va̋a̋n-a þa̋v-on lűűs-a
shoe-make-AG-N.s that 3-N.s 4-A.p make-IND shoe-A.p last


Adjective

  • 4. műgi - final, ultimate
na—ȝa nu-kőzu num e-na̋ka—műga ke̋e̋sa e-e̋sa:
That was the last time his wife saw him.
n-a ȝa nu=kőz-u n-um e=na̋k-a műga-Ø ke̋e̋s-a e=e̋s-a
3-N.s that his=wife-N.s 3-A.s PST=see-IND last-ABS time-N.s PST=be-IND


  • 5. nĭne̋bi - most recent, latest
bisa̋ro—ȝa mu nĭne̋ba keesa̋s num e-na̋ka—nús o e-e̋sa:
The last time I saw him he had a beard.
bisa̋r-o ȝa m-u nĭ~ne̋ba-Ø kees-a̋s n-um e=na̋k-a n-ús o e=e̋s-a
beard-N.s that 1s.N ELAT~last-ABS time-G.s 3-A.s PST=see-IND 3-G.s to PST=be-IND


  • 6. lĭlísu na̋mi - most unlikely, least preferable
nu—tei mu num nűsa—lĭlísu na̋mu hőmu e̋sa:
He is the last person I would suspect.
n-u ȝa m-u n-um nűs-a lĭlísu na̋mu-Ø hőm-u e̋s-a
3-N.s that 1-N.s 3-A.s suspect-IND least likely-ABS person-N.s be-IND


  • 7. műgi - only one of its class
ve̋e̋ðlus műgem leðős éna m̃a̋ilem e-ka̋a̋da:
The hunters killed the last wolf in the valley.
ve̋e̋ðl-us műg-em leð-ős éna m̃a̋il-em e=ka̋a̋d-a
hunter-N.p last-A.s valley-G.p in wolf-A.s PST=kill-IND


  • 8. sŭsűpi - lowest in rank or degree
pa̋l̨u sŭsűpo dinős túȝa sa̋a̋aþu ı̋lu e-ke̋la:
The girl had to be satisfied with the last prize.
pa̋l̨-u sŭ~sűpo-Ø din-ős túȝa sa̋a̋-a-þ-u ı̋l-u e=ke̋l-a
girl-N.s ELAT~low-ABS prize-G.s with satisfy-IND-PP-N.s become-SUP PST=had.to-IND


  • 9. hes- - immediately before the present
b̨a̋a̋ge hesȝita̋s e-vűűl-a:
Last night the moon was full.
b̨a̋a̋g-e hes=ȝit-a̋s e=vűűl-a
full.moon-N.s yester=night-G.s PST=there.be-IND


  • 10. fe̋si – closest to a week ago
tárona̋ha e̋sa da sa̋rno fe̋sa neeraha̋s e-e̋sa:
It's Wednesday, and the party was last Tuesday
tárona̋h-a e̋s-a da sa̋rn-o fe̋sa-Ø neerah-a̋s e=e̋s-a
Wednesday-N.s be-IND and feast-N.s last-ABS Tuesday-G.s PST=be-IND


Adverb

  • 11. nĭnévi - most recently
nu mum e-poőra. méti m̃us nĭnév̈i e-pa̋na:
He insulted me when we last we met.
n-u m-um e=poőr-a méti m̃-us nĭ~név=vi e=pa̋n-a
3-N.s 1s-A PST=insult-IND when 1p-N ELAT~recent=ADV PST=meet-IND


  • 12. múƣvi - after everything else, finally
nu bőnom e-aðne̋e̋ma. ésti múƣvi e-þűka:
He entered the race, but came in last.
n-u bőn-om e=aðne̋e̋m-a ésti múƣ=vi e=þűka
3.N.s race-A.s PST=enter but last=ADV PST=complete
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