Senjecas - but: Difference between revisions

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===Pronunciation table===
===Pronunciation table===
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
::{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
!p
!p
!b
!b
!f
!f
!v
!v
!ƿ
!m̃
!m
!m
|
|
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!þ
!þ
!ð
!ð
!ł
!ɫ
!l
!l
|
|
|
|
!c
!ṡ
!ƶ
!ż
!s
!s
!z
!z
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!g
!g
!x
!x
!ᵹ
!ƣ
!h
!h
!ȝ
!ȝ
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|
|
!š
!š
!ṡ
!s̨
|
|
|
|
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!e
!e
!a
!a
!ɔ
!õ
!o
!o
!u
!u
|
|
|
|
!ı
!ĭ
!ɛ
!ĕ
!y
!ŭ
|-
|-
|/p/
|/p/
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|/ɸ/
|/ɸ/
|/β/
|/β/
|/m̊/
|/m̥/
|/m/
|/m/
|
|
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|
|
|/ɪ/
|/ɪ/
|/ɛ/
|/ĕ/
|/ʊ/
|/ʊ/
|}
===Glossing abbreviations===
::{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|1s/p = first person singular/plural
|V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)
|CAUS = [[Wikipedia:Causative|causative]]
|EQU = equative degree
|INS = instrument
|Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
|-
|2s/p = second person singular/plural
|ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)
|DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
|F = feminine
|INT = intensive prefix
|QUOT = direct quotation
|-
|3p/m = third person [[Wikipedia:Demonstrative#distal and proximal demonstratives|proximal/medial]]
|ADV = adverb
|DIM = diminutive
|FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
|M = masculine
|REL = [[Wikipedia:Relativizer|relativizer]]
|-
|4 = [[Wikipedia:Obviative|fourth person]]
|AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
|ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
|FUT = future
|PP = patient (past) participle
|RPRF = recent perfective
|-
|A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
|AP = agent (active) participle
|EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
|IMP = imperative
|PRF = perfect
|SBJ = subjunctive
|-
|G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
|AUG = augmentative
|ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative|elative]]
|INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
|PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
|SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
|-
|N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
|
|
|IND = indicative
|PST = past
|
|}
|}


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===Postposition===
===Postposition===
*1. '''ša''' - without, apart from, except
*1. '''ša''' - without, apart from, except
::'''vísu tąta̋’ ša e-vı̋da:'''
::vísu taata̋’ ša e-vı̋da:
::Everyone but Father left.
::Everyone but Father left.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!vís-u||tąt-a̋-’||ša||e=vı̋d-a
!vis-u||taat-a̋-'||ša||e=vı̋d-a
|-
|-
|everyone-NOM.SG||father-GEN.SG-EL||but||PST=leave-IND
|everyone-N.s||father-G.s-ELIS||but||PST=leave-IND
|}
|}


===Adverb===
===Adverb===
*2. '''átu''' - merely, only,  just
*2. '''átu''' - merely, only,  just
::'''átu tı̋r ṭumre̋nos taᵹde̋mom do e̋sa:'''
::átu tı̋r t̨umre̋nos taƣde̋mom do e̋sa:
::It is but three miles to the inn.
::It is but three miles to the inn.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!átu||tı̋r||ṭum-re̋n-os||taᵹ-de̋m-om||do||e̋s-a
!átu||tı̋r||t̨umre̋n-os||taƣ-de̋m-om||do||e̋s-a
|-
|-
|but||three||thousand-step-NOM.PL||travel-house-ACC.SG||to||be-IND
|but||three||mile-N.p||travel-building-A.s||to||be-IND
|}
|}


===Conjunction===
===Conjunction===
*3. '''ši''' - except (for), excluding
*3. '''ši''' - except (for), excluding
::'''ne̋xa őpa mús o ši vı̋du e-vűla:'''
::ne̋xa őpa mús o ši vı̋du e-vűűla:
::I had no choice but to leave.
::I had no choice but to leave.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!ne̋xa-∅||őp-a||m-ús||o||ši||vı̋d-u||e=vűl-a
!ne̋xa-Ø||őp-a||m-ús||o||ši||vı̋d-u||e=vűűl-a
|-
|-
|no-ABS||choice-NOM.SG||1s.GEN||to||but||leave-SUP||PST=there.be-IND
|no-ABS||choice-N.s||1s-G||to||but||leave-SUP||PST=there.be-IND
|}
|}


*4.'''þǫ́si''' - on the contrary, but rather (< '''þǫ̋sa''', ''t.v.'' oppose, face)
 
::'''mu ᵹa̋va ne þǫ́si pę̋da:'''
*4. '''þóósi''' - on the contrary, but rather
::mu ƣa̋va ne þóósi pe̋e̋da:
::I am not rich, but poor.
::I am not rich, but poor.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!m-u||ᵹa̋v-a||ne||þǫ́si||pę̋d-a
!m-u||ƣa̋v-a||ne||þóósi||pe̋e̋d-a
|-
|-
|1s-NOM||be.rich-IND||not||but||be.poor-IND
|1s-N||be-rich-IND||not||but||be.poor-IND
|}
|}


*5. '''ésti''' - however, although, nevertheless
*5. '''ésti''' - however, although, nevertheless
::'''nu lábu ƶę̋ru ésti gőbu vűa:'''
::su lábu że̋e̋ru ést' ódu gőbu vűűa:
::She is very old but she is beautiful.
::She is very old but still beautiful.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!n-u||lábu||ƶę̋ru-∅||ésti||gőb-u||vű-a
!n-u||lábu||że̋e̋r-u||ést-'||ódu||gőb-u||vűű-a
|-
|-
|3-NOM.SG||very||old-ABS||but||beautiful-NOM.SG||be-IND
|3-N.s||very||old-N.s||but-ELIS||still||beautiful-N.s||there-be-IND
|}
|}


*6. '''ši''' - except that (''with subjunctive'')
::'''mu ṅe̋gu fę̋a ši de̋gaþ' űto:'''
::I cannot help but feel offended.


::{|Class=wikitable
*6. '''ši''' - except that
!m-u||ṅe̋g-u||fę̋-a||ši||de̋g-a-þ-'||űt-o
::mu fe̋e̋a ši de̋gaþ' űta:
::I cannot but feel offended.
 
::{| Class=wikitable
!m-u||fe̋e̋-a||ši||de̋g-a-þ-'||űt-a
|-
|-
|1s-NOM||help-SUP||be.unable-IND||but||offend-IND-PP-EL||feel-SBJ
|1s-N||be.unable-IND||but||offend-IND-PP-ELIS||feel-IND
|}
|}


*7. ''' ši''' - without it being the case that, unless that
 
::'''sų̋ɱa nexum ši že̋la:'''
*7. '''ši''' - without it being the case that, unless that
::sűűm̃a néxum ši pőza:
::It never rains but it pours.
::It never rains but it pours.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!sų̋ɱ-a||nexum||ši||že̋l-a
!sűűm̃-a||néxum||ši||pőz-a
|-
|-
|rain-IND||never||but||pour-IND
|rain-IND||never||but||pour-IND
|}
|}

Revision as of 06:45, 21 July 2017

Pronunciation table

p b f v m̃ m t d þ ð ɫ l ṡ ż s z r n k g x ƣ h ȝ š s̨ i e a õ o u ĭ ĕ ŭ
/p/ /b/ /ɸ/ /β/ /m̥/ /m/ /t/ /d/ /θ/ /ð/ /l̥/ /l/ /ʦ/ /ʣ/ /s/ /z/ /ɾ̥/ /n/ /k/ /g/ /ç/ /ʝ/ /j̊/ /j/ /sʷ/ /sʲ/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /ɒ/ /o/ /u/ /ɪ/ /ĕ/ /ʊ/


Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = first person singular/plural V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural) CAUS = causative EQU = equative degree INS = instrument Q = interrogative particle
2s/p = second person singular/plural ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective) DES = desiderative F = feminine INT = intensive prefix QUOT = direct quotation
3p/m = third person proximal/medial ADV = adverb DIM = diminutive FRQ = frequentative M = masculine REL = relativizer
4 = fourth person AG = agent ELIS = elision FUT = future PP = patient (past) participle RPRF = recent perfective
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural) AP = agent (active) participle EP = epenthesis IMP = imperative PRF = perfect SBJ = subjunctive
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural) AUG = augmentative ELT = elative INC = inchoative PRV = privative prefix SUP = supine
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural) IND = indicative PST = past


Postposition

  • 1. ša - without, apart from, except
vísu taata̋’ ša e-vı̋da:
Everyone but Father left.
vis-u taat-a̋-' ša e=vı̋d-a
everyone-N.s father-G.s-ELIS but PST=leave-IND


Adverb

  • 2. átu - merely, only, just
átu tı̋r t̨umre̋nos taƣde̋mom do e̋sa:
It is but three miles to the inn.
átu tı̋r t̨umre̋n-os taƣ-de̋m-om do e̋s-a
but three mile-N.p travel-building-A.s to be-IND


Conjunction

  • 3. ši - except (for), excluding
ne̋xa őpa mús o ši vı̋du e-vűűla:
I had no choice but to leave.
ne̋xa-Ø őp-a m-ús o ši vı̋d-u e=vűűl-a
no-ABS choice-N.s 1s-G to but leave-SUP PST=there.be-IND


  • 4. þóósi - on the contrary, but rather
mu ƣa̋va ne þóósi pe̋e̋da:
I am not rich, but poor.
m-u ƣa̋v-a ne þóósi pe̋e̋d-a
1s-N be-rich-IND not but be.poor-IND


  • 5. ésti - however, although, nevertheless
su lábu że̋e̋ru ést' ódu gőbu vűűa:
She is very old but still beautiful.
n-u lábu że̋e̋r-u ést-' ódu gőb-u vűű-a
3-N.s very old-N.s but-ELIS still beautiful-N.s there-be-IND


  • 6. ši - except that
mu fe̋e̋a ši de̋gaþ' űta:
I cannot but feel offended.
m-u fe̋e̋-a ši de̋g-a-þ-' űt-a
1s-N be.unable-IND but offend-IND-PP-ELIS feel-IND


  • 7. ši - without it being the case that, unless that
sűűm̃a néxum ši pőza:
It never rains but it pours.
sűűm̃-a néxum ši pőz-a
rain-IND never but pour-IND
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