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| * ''See also'': [[Ilya/lexicon|Ilya dictionary]]
| | <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="inuse" style="background: #fcc; border: 1px solid #aaa; margin: 0 2.5%; padding: 0 10px"> |
| * ''See also'': [[Ilya/phrases|Ilya phrases]]
| | <font size="3">'''This project has been abandoned.'''</font><br /> |
| <br> | | </div> |
| * '''á é í ó ú'''
| | [[User:Masako|masako]] ([[User talk:Masako|talk]]) |
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| = sounds = | |
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| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 600px;"
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| |+ '''consonants'''
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| |-
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| <!-- Heading row -->
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| !
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| !Bilabial
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| !Alveolar
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| !Palatal
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| !Velar
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| !Labiovelar
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| !Glottal
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| |- align="center" <!-- Stops -->
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| ! Plosives
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| | {{IPA|p b}}
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| | {{IPA|t d}}
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| | {{IPA|k g}}
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| | {{IPA|ʔ}} ('''q''')
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| |- align="center"
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| ! Nasals
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| | {{IPA|m}}
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| | {{IPA|n}}
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| |- align="center"
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| ! Fricatives
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| | {{IPA|s}}
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| | {{IPA|ʃ}} ('''sh''')
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| |- align="center"
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| ! Approximants
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| | {{IPA|l}}
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| | {{IPA|j}} ('''y''')
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| | {{IPA|w}}
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| | {{IPA|h}}
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| |-
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| ! Trill
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| | align="center"|{{IPA|r}}
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| |}
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+vowels
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| !
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| !Front
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| !Central
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| !Back
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| |- style="text-align:center;"
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| !Close
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| |i || || u
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| |- style="text-align:center;"
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| !Mid
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| |e || || o
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| |- style="text-align:center;"
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| !Open
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| | || a ||
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| |}
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| = grammar =
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| '''Ilya''' is an agglutinating language. Its vocabulary consists of basic roots which can be extended into different parts of speech, their meaning changed or modified, with various suffixes. Most of the suffixes are optional, so that there is a choice of what sort of information to convey with a given word.
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| = verbs =
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| '''Ilya''' relies on verbs and their modifiers to express many subtleties of meaning, the '''Ilya''' verb can generally function as a verb, adjective, or preposition, but the rules of use are very simple.
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| == tenses ==
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| Verbs have two tenses indicated by conjugation, past (-'''esh''') and nonpast (-'''Ø'''). The semantic difference between present and future is not indicated by means of conjugation. Usually there is no ambiguity as context makes it clear whether the speaker is referring to the present or future. Voice and aspect are also indicated by means of conjugation, and possibly agglutinating auxiliary verbs.
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| * '''gaqanemesh?'''
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| : <small>see.3sg-Q-PST</small>
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| : ''Did he see?''
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| * '''shayab'''
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| : <small>know.1s</small>
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| : ''I know.''
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| == verb modifiers ==
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| * negative mood - '''x'''
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| = nouns =
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| == number ==
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| * '''x''' - horse
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| * '''x''' - horses
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| == gender ==
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| == case ==
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| * '''odom'''
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| ** '''-Ø''' - the house [nominative / subject] NOM
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| * '''odomwá'''
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| ** '''-wá / -ó''' - in/to/for/about the house [oblique / dative / accusative / locative] OBL
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| * '''odomyá'''
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| ** '''-yá / -ái''' - of the house [genitive] GEN
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| * '''odomék'''
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| ** '''-hé / -ék''' - with the house, and the house [instrumental / comitative] COM
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| * '''odomyé'''
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| ** '''-(y)é / -dá''' - O the house [vocative] VOC
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| == pronouns ==
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| Both subject and object are marked on the verb; however, there is no indication of whether either is singular or plural (except for ‘you’ objects). For convenience I offer a table of all possible combinations.
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| {| class="wikitable" style="width: 700px;"
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| |+shab<br>''to know'' | |
| !
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| !1s OBJ
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| !2s OBJ
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| !3s OBJ
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| !other OBJ
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| !1p OBJ
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| !2p OBJ
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| |- style="text-align:center;"
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| !1st person
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| |x || '''shayaba'''<br>I know you. || '''shayabu'''<br>I know her/him. || '''shayabuk'''<br>I know someone else. || x || x
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| |- style="text-align:center;"
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| !2nd person
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| |'''shahabi'''<br>You know me. || x || x || x || x || x
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| |- style="text-align:center;"
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| !3rd person
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| |'''shaqabi'''<br>S/he knows me. || '''shaqaba'''<br>S/he knows you. || x || x || x || x
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| |}
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| There are no personal pronouns - they aren’t needed, since persons are indicated on the verb. There are a limited number of deictics and quantifiers:
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| * '''ku-''' - this
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| * '''shu-''' - that (by you)
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| * '''u-''' - that (over there); other; another
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| * '''wa-''' - same; the same
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| * '''ni-''' - each; every
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| * '''le-''' - some
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| * '''ba-''' - none
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| == noun classes ==
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| * '''x-''' - people; places
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| * '''x-''' - trees; weather; natural phenomena
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| * '''x-''' - groups of objects; collective
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| * '''x-''' - tools; artifacts
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| * '''x-''' - body parts and functions
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| * '''x-''' - animals; noises
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| * '''x- / a-''' - abstract; null
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| = adpositions =
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| == locative affixes ==
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| * '''x-''' - static location
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| * '''x-''' - inside of an object
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| * '''x-''' - under water
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| * '''x-''' - into water
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| * '''x-''' - on top of
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| * '''x-''' - under
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| * '''x-''' - through
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| * '''x-''' - out of
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| * '''x-''' - above or over
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| * '''x-''' - in the air
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| * '''x-''' - across
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| <br>
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| * '''x-''' - on / at / away from
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| * '''x-''' - along / back to
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| * '''x-''' - over there
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| * '''x-''' - to / towards
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