Europic: Difference between revisions
WeepingElf (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
WeepingElf (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
'' | '''Europic''', or '''Macro-Indo-European''', is an ''obsolete'' hypothesis of a language family proposed by [[User:WeepingElf|Jörg Rhiemeier]]. It consists of [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] and various smaller language groups of Europe which are all extinct and lost in history (in the real world; in the world of the [[League of Lost Languages]], some of them are still alive). In 2017, Rhiemeier abandoned the hypothesis for lack of favourable evidence, and in the light of evidence ''against'' it. | ||
==The hypothesis== | |||
Proto-Europic may have been spoken about 8,000 years ago in southeastern Europe, perhaps by the group of people known to archaeologists as the [[Wikipedia:Starčevo culture|Starčevo culture]]. (If the [[Wikipedia:Black Sea deluge theory|Black Sea Flood]], which is controversial, actually happened, it may be connected to the spread of Europic.) From there, one branch of Europic spread northeastward into the Pontic Steppe and became [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]. Another branch spread northwestward into Central Europe in connection with the [[Wikipedia:Linear Pottery culture|Linear Pottery culture]] and left its traces in the [[Old European hydronymy]]. A third group may have been established in the Lower Danube region and become the language of the [[Wikipedia:Vinča culture|Vinča culture]]. That language may have been the world's first ''written'' language, if the [[Wikipedia:Vinča symbols|Vinča symbols]] are indeed writing, but that is controversial. The language of the [[Wikipedia:Cucuteni-Trypillian culture|Cucuteni-Trypillian culture]] would also have belonged to this group. The [[Wikipedia:Tyrrhenian languages|Tyrrhenian]] languages such as [[Wikipedia:Etruscan language|Etruscan]], which shows some morphological similarities to Indo-European, are possibly related as well. | Proto-Europic may have been spoken about 8,000 years ago in southeastern Europe, perhaps by the group of people known to archaeologists as the [[Wikipedia:Starčevo culture|Starčevo culture]]. (If the [[Wikipedia:Black Sea deluge theory|Black Sea Flood]], which is controversial, actually happened, it may be connected to the spread of Europic.) From there, one branch of Europic spread northeastward into the Pontic Steppe and became [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]. Another branch spread northwestward into Central Europe in connection with the [[Wikipedia:Linear Pottery culture|Linear Pottery culture]] and left its traces in the [[Old European hydronymy]]. A third group may have been established in the Lower Danube region and become the language of the [[Wikipedia:Vinča culture|Vinča culture]]. That language may have been the world's first ''written'' language, if the [[Wikipedia:Vinča symbols|Vinča symbols]] are indeed writing, but that is controversial. The language of the [[Wikipedia:Cucuteni-Trypillian culture|Cucuteni-Trypillian culture]] would also have belonged to this group. The [[Wikipedia:Tyrrhenian languages|Tyrrhenian]] languages such as [[Wikipedia:Etruscan language|Etruscan]], which shows some morphological similarities to Indo-European, are possibly related as well. | ||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
The main reason for this hypothesis is that the cultures mentioned above are those Neolithic cultures of Europe which apparently spread by ''demic'' diffusion, i.e. by migrations of farmers and assimilation of the indigenous hunter-gatherers, which would have entailed the spread of a new language. As the [[Old European hydronymy]] appers to be related to Indo-European, a relationship of these languages to Indo-European appears plausible. | The main reason for this hypothesis is that the cultures mentioned above are those Neolithic cultures of Europe which apparently spread by ''demic'' diffusion, i.e. by migrations of farmers and assimilation of the indigenous hunter-gatherers, which would have entailed the spread of a new language. As the [[Old European hydronymy]] appers to be related to Indo-European, a relationship of these languages to Indo-European appears plausible. | ||
== | ==Abandonment== | ||
It turned out that the notion that the languages of the Linear Pottery Culture, the Vinča culture and the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture should be related to Proto-Indo-European is ''entirely unsupported by the facts''. These Neolithic groups were genetically and culturally dissimilar to the Proto-Indo-Europeans, and from its likely [[Indo-Uralic|relationship to Uralic]] and [[Mitian|languages even further east]], one can conclude that Proto-Indo-European is in itself probably of an eastern origin, and it is unlikely that related languages were spoken by the Neolithic cultures mentioned in the proposal. Rhiemeier now assumes [[Aquan languages|Aquan]] to be an early branch of Indo-European, probably branching off even earlier than Anatolian, and associated with the Kurgan I expansion wave (ca. 4500 BC), while Anatolian would be Kurgan II (ca. 3500 BC) and the other IE languages Kurgan III (ca. 3000 BC). | |||
Proto- | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| Line 42: | Line 23: | ||
[[Category:LLL]] | [[Category:LLL]] | ||
{{Natlangs}} | {{Natlangs}} | ||
Revision as of 05:51, 30 March 2017
Europic, or Macro-Indo-European, is an obsolete hypothesis of a language family proposed by Jörg Rhiemeier. It consists of Indo-European and various smaller language groups of Europe which are all extinct and lost in history (in the real world; in the world of the League of Lost Languages, some of them are still alive). In 2017, Rhiemeier abandoned the hypothesis for lack of favourable evidence, and in the light of evidence against it.
The hypothesis
Proto-Europic may have been spoken about 8,000 years ago in southeastern Europe, perhaps by the group of people known to archaeologists as the Starčevo culture. (If the Black Sea Flood, which is controversial, actually happened, it may be connected to the spread of Europic.) From there, one branch of Europic spread northeastward into the Pontic Steppe and became Indo-European. Another branch spread northwestward into Central Europe in connection with the Linear Pottery culture and left its traces in the Old European hydronymy. A third group may have been established in the Lower Danube region and become the language of the Vinča culture. That language may have been the world's first written language, if the Vinča symbols are indeed writing, but that is controversial. The language of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture would also have belonged to this group. The Tyrrhenian languages such as Etruscan, which shows some morphological similarities to Indo-European, are possibly related as well.
The main reason for this hypothesis is that the cultures mentioned above are those Neolithic cultures of Europe which apparently spread by demic diffusion, i.e. by migrations of farmers and assimilation of the indigenous hunter-gatherers, which would have entailed the spread of a new language. As the Old European hydronymy appers to be related to Indo-European, a relationship of these languages to Indo-European appears plausible.
Abandonment
It turned out that the notion that the languages of the Linear Pottery Culture, the Vinča culture and the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture should be related to Proto-Indo-European is entirely unsupported by the facts. These Neolithic groups were genetically and culturally dissimilar to the Proto-Indo-Europeans, and from its likely relationship to Uralic and languages even further east, one can conclude that Proto-Indo-European is in itself probably of an eastern origin, and it is unlikely that related languages were spoken by the Neolithic cultures mentioned in the proposal. Rhiemeier now assumes Aquan to be an early branch of Indo-European, probably branching off even earlier than Anatolian, and associated with the Kurgan I expansion wave (ca. 4500 BC), while Anatolian would be Kurgan II (ca. 3500 BC) and the other IE languages Kurgan III (ca. 3000 BC).
See also
| This article is one of quite a few pages about Natlangs. Indo-european natlangs:
Uralic Natlangs: Finnish * Khanty * Mansi * Mordvinic * Proto-Uralic
Isolate Natlangs: Basque * * |
