Senjecas linguistics

Pronunciation table

p	b	f	v	m̃	m			t	d	þ	ð	ɫ	l			ṡ	ż	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ƣ	h	ȝ			š	s̨			i	e	a	õ	o	u			ï	ë	ÿ
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̥/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/sʷ/	/sʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

Notes

1. afx = affix, either a prefix or a suffix added to a root, e.g., ma̋xo, bag, + -ko, diminutive suffix, = ma̋xko, follicle.
2. cpd = a compound of two or more roots, e.g., ðééa, in place of, + fe̋e̋to, noun = ðeefe̋e̋to, pronoun.
3. drv = a word derived from a root, e.g., sa̋m̃o, word, < sa̋m̃a, t.v. speak.
4. pol = a word with a different, but related sense to an original word, e.g., te̋na, tense < te̋na, time
5. These words are not numbered, as only original roots are numbered
6. Words in red indicate a feature that does not occur in Senjecas

bőþra, punctuation

• cpd boþne̋uo, punctuation mark
• cpd d̬obőto, colon
• cpd fástosm̃ı̋ı̋o, clause hyphen (—)
• cpd k̬ilbőto, period (:)
• cpd meinbőto, em dash (—)
• cpd meþbőto, question mark
• cpd m̃iibőto, interpunct (·)
• cpd ƣeðbőto, figure dash (-)
• cpd tirbőto, paragraph end (⁝)
• cpd ża̋a̋rbőto, exclamation point
• cpd żóxd̬obőto, semicolon

evse̋gos, affixes

• cpd ense̋go, infix
• cpd n̨ofse̋go, prefix
• cpd pos̈e̋go, suffix
• cpd þolse̋go, circumfix
• cpd fasa̋m̃o, clitic

sam̃fa̋a̋ȝos, parts of speech

• cpd ðeefe̋e̋to, pronoun

altósðeefe̋e̋to, indefinite pronoun

anánðeefe̋e̋to, reciprocal pronoun

déisðeefe̋e̋to, demonstrative pronoun

hómðeefe̋e̋to, personal pronoun

m̃álðeefe̋e̋to, intensive pronoun

náánðeefe̋e̋to, reflexive pronoun

• pol ðe̋r̈a, mood [< ðe̋r̈a, attitude]

alnesðe̋ra, subjunctive mood

eevðe̋ra, imperative mood

kisðe̋ra, indicative mood

• pol fe̋e̋to, noun, substantive [> fe̋e̋ta, t.v. name]

al̤uxfe̋e̋to, mass noun

altaƣfe̋e̋to, abstract noun

lezfe̋e̋to, collective noun

luxfe̋e̋to, count noun

m̃exfe̋e̋to, concrete noun

koinfe̋e̋to, common noun

šeeðfe̋e̋to, proper noun

• cpd fÿm̃uka̋a̋to, infinitive
• cpd gansa̋m̃|o, adjective; -i, adj. adjectival

še̋e̋ðm̃i, adj. attributive

m̃a̋iþi, adj. predicative

• cpd ȝoorsa̋m̃o, expletive
• cpd ȝovsa̋m̃o, adposition

ensa̋m̃o, inposition

n̨ofsa̋m̃o, preposition

pos̈a̋m̃o, postposition

þolsa̋m̃o, circumposition

• drv ka̋a̋to, verb [ka̋a̋ta, i.v. assert]

aska̋a̋to, transitive verb

alaska̋a̋to, intransitive verb

ƣeðka̋a̋to, copula

reeƣka̋a̋to, auxiliary verb

• cpd kaaþfe̋e̋to, supine
• cpd kááþgansa̋m̃o, participle

kikááþgansa̋m̃o, active participle

peekááþgansa̋m̃o, passive participle

• cpd kaaþga̋nlo, adverb; -i, adj. adverbial
• cpd ƣeðsa̋m̃o, conjunction
• cpd rexsa̋m̃o, determiner
• cpd sa̋m̃ko, particle

m̃iisa̋m̃ko, disjunctive particle

ánvaasa̋m̃ko, quotative particle

• cpd tevsa̋m̃o, article

tősi, adj. definite

altősi, adj. indefinite

ȝexre̋e̋ȝos, grammar

• cpd a̋ṡaþo, object
• cpd ðééfeetőȝanti, adj. prodrop
• pol de̋iṡi, adj. demonstrative [< de̋iṡa, t.v. demonstrate]
• pol fa̋si, adj. subordinate, dependent [< fa̋sa, t.v. depend on]

fastőso, clause

• pol fűlo, root [< fűla, t.v. root]
• pol ȝe̋þra, voice [< ȝe̋ta, t.v. relate to]

kiȝe̋þra, active voice

peeȝe̋þra, passive voice

• pol ȝővta, apposition [< ȝőba, t.v. approach]

ȝovsa̋m̃=o, appositive; =i, adj. appositive

• afx kı̋|lu, subject [< kı̋a, t.v. do; -lu, agent suffix]; al~, null-subject

-si, adj. indicative

• le̋żo, gender

ǧe̋nm̃i, adj. feminine

m̃e̋xm̃i, adj. neuter

m̃ı̋ı̋rm̃i, adj. masculine

• pol lűxra, number [< lűxra, enumeration]

d̬olűxri, adj. dual

meelűxri, adj. plural

þunlűxri, adj. singular

• pol ne̋uda, case [< ne̋udo, function]

ðeene̋uda, dative case

feeþne̋uda, nominative case

ham̃ne̋uda, vocative case

ȝaane̋uda, accusative case

• pol nőőra, aspect [nőőra, view]

álþuxnőőa, imperfective aspect

avnőőa, prospective aspect

deusnőőa, terminative aspect

f̣ųðnőőa, causative aspect

mem̃nőőa, progressive/continuous aspect

m̃esnőőa, desiderative aspect

nevnőőa, recent perfective aspect

seernőőa, frequentative aspect

šan̈őőa, inclinational aspect

šeðnőőa, habitual aspect

toðnőőa, inceptive aspect

þuxnőőa, perfective aspect

vųmnőőa, debitive aspect

• cpd parsa̋m̃o, correlative word [pa̋ra, t.v. correspond; sa̋m̃o, word]
• pol te̋na, tense [< te̋na, time]

imte̋na, present imperfective tense

feste̋na, past imperfective tense

poste̋na, future imperfective tense

ímþuxte̋na, present perfect tense

fésþuxte̋na, past perfect tense

pósþuxte̋na, future perfect tense

šenmőőda, manner of articulation

• cpd d̬ípemše̋no, bilabial
• cpd pemše̋n|o, labial

émšenkı̋ra, labialization

• cpd ȝovše̋no, approximant
• cpd keðše̋no, guttural
• pol mőőv|a, t.v. lenite -ra, lenition [< mőőva, t.v. soften]
• cpd muiþše̋no, alveolar
• cpd nasše̋no, nasal
• cpd paxše̋no, stop, plosive, occlusive
• cpd páxtirše̋no, affricate
• cpd piilše̋no, tap, flap
• cpd riisše̋no, dental
• cpd serše̋no, sonorant
• cpd ṡisše̋no, sibilant
• cpd ṡusše̋no, trill
• cpd tiirše̋no, fricative, spirant
• cpd vainše̋n|o, palatal

váinšenkı̋ra, palatalization

m̃aiþrëb̨őra, syntax

• m̃a̋iþro, sentence

meþm̃a̋iþro, interrogative sentence

• pol m̃a̋iþi, adj. predicate, predicative [< m̃a̋iþa, i.v. declare]
• cpd m̃ı̋ı̋o ȝe̋xo, absolute construction [m̃ı̋ı̋a, t.v. separate; ȝe̋ko, phrase]

goine̋uo, diacritics

• cpd ȝemne̋uo, diaeresis [ȝe̋ma, t.v. pair; ne̋uo, sign]
• cpd pemne̋uo, caron [pe̋mo, lip; ne̋uo, sign]
• afx pőɫko, ogonek [< pőɫo, tail; -ko, diminutive suffix]
• cpd piðne̋uo, macron [pı̋ða, t.v. lengthen; ne̋uo, sign]
• cpd simne̋uo, tilde [sı̋ma, t.v. whisper; ne̋uo, sign]
• cpd šen̈e̋uo, accent mark [še̋no, tone; ne̋uo, sign]

d̬ók̨orne̋uo, secondary accent mark (double acute)

þűnk̨orne̋uo, primary accent mark (acute)

• cpd ufbőto, dot above [úpa, postp. above; bőto, dot]
• cpd vain̈e̋uo, retroflex hook [va̋ino, palate; ne̋uo, sign]

sám̃šensa̋a̋r̈a, phonology

• cpd šenha̋ȝa, syncope [še̋no, sound; ha̋ȝa, t.v. lose]
• cpd šenm̃ǫ̋ga, epenthesis [še̋no, sound; m̃ǫ̋ga, t.v. add on]
• cpd šenőőnta, accent [še̋no, sound; őőnta, height]
• cpd šenőira, elision [še̋no, sound; őȝa, t.v. take away]

kaþı̋ȝa, miscellany

• cpd boðše̋no, consonant [bődo, body; še̋no, sound]
• cpd ṡ̨uuše̋no, vowel [ṡ̨űűu, soul; še̋no, sound]
• cpd d̬iše̋no, diphthong
• pol lőȝo, diminutive [lőȝa, i.v. reduce]
• cpd ruunpa̋fra, alphabet [ruuno, letter; pa̋fa, t.v. put in order]
• drv sa̋m̃|o, word [< sa̋m̃a, speak]

sam̃te̋iðra , semantics [< sa̋m̃o, word; te̋iða, t.v. mean]

sam̃pa̋fra, word order [< sa̋m̃o, word; pa̋fa, t.v. put in order]

sam̃me̋lo, syllable [< sa̋m̃o, word; ]

sam̃pűl|o, syllable [< sa̋m̃o, word; pűla, t.v. divide]; -om kı̋a, syllabify; -ős kı̋ra, syllabification.

sám̃pulpı̋ðo, mora [< sa̋m̃o, word; pűla, t.v. divide; pı̋ða, t.v. lengthen]

sám̃šensa̋a̋r̈a, phonetics [< sa̋m̃o, word; še̋no, sound; sa̋a̋ra, t.v. know]

sám̃zinsa̋a̋r̈a, morphology [< sa̋m̃o, word; zı̋na, t.v. form; sa̋a̋ra, t.v. know]

• 001 sűű|a, 1 t.v. decline, inflect, conjugate 2 i.v. inflect, conjugate; -ra, declension, inflection, conjugation
• pol sűűþra, deixis [< sűűta, t.v. show]
• cpd šenme̋iþra, intonation [še̋no, sound; me̋iþa, t.v. change]

šénmesa̋a̋r̈a, prosody [še̋no, sound; me̋a, t.v. measure; sa̋a̋ra, t.v. know]

šenþűno, phoneme [še̋no, sound; þűno, unit]

• pol ta̋a̋ȝa, t.v. parse [< ta̋a̋ȝa, t.v. analyze]
• cpd t̨óóltarne̋xaþo, calque. [t̨őőla, t.v. reflect; tarne̋xa, t.v. translate]

šenrı̋ı̋nmo, sound chart

• cpd peműko, first row of graphemes (labials)
• cpd riis̈űko, second row of graphemes (dentals)
• cpd muitűko, third row of graphemes (alveolars)
• cpd vainűko, fourth row of graphemes (palatals)
• cpd ṡ̨úúšenűko, fifth row of graphemes (vowels)