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Ashthalul is a fictional language by Polka Dot.
Ac'talul is a fictional language by Polka Dot.<br><br>


Ashthalul is the language of the ancient Ashth civilization, it was originally spoken in the then called Limbra "continent", it is believed that Limbra continent was actually a continental fragment or microcontinent (today's modern Ashthian Archipelago), near the south-eastern coastal region of Phwaim. Ashthalul, while being a Phwaim language, is unrelated to the other languages of Phwaim and any other known language, therefore, it is deemed as a language isolate.
=Phonology=


The form of the language presented below is the dialect of Limbra, the greatest of the Ashth city-states, where the congress and the treasury of the Limbra league of free city-states stood, and way later became the capital of the Limbra Commune.
Ac'talul contains 24 consonants and 5 vowels.<br><br>


=Phonology & Orthography=
'''The consonant inventory of Ac'talul is as follows:'''<br>
{{IPA|/m n/}} <&zwnj;m n&zwnj;><br>
{{IPA|/pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ ʔ/}} <&zwnj;p t th c k '&zwnj;><br>
{{IPA|/b d ɖ g ɢ/}} <&zwnj;b d dh g q&zwnj;><br>
{{IPA|/ᵐb ⁿd ᶯɖ ᵑg ᶰɢ/}} <&zwnj;mb nd ndh ng nq&zwnj;><br>
{{IPA|/s z/}} <&zwnj;s z&zwnj;><br>
{{IPA|/j w r l/}} <&zwnj;y v r l&zwnj;><br><br>


The consonant inventory of Ashthalul is as follows:
The velar and uvular consonants {{IPA|/kʰ, qʰ, g, ɢ, ᵑg, ᶰɢ/}} are labialized {{IPA|[kʷʰ, qʷʰ, gʷ, ɢʷ, ᵑgʷ, ᶰɢʷ]}}; while the fricatives {{IPA|/s, z/}} are palatalized {{IPA|[sʲ, zʲ]}}.<br><br>


<nowiki>/m n ŋ/ <m n ñ></nowiki><br>
'''The vocalic inventory of Ac'talul is as follows:'''<br>
<nowiki>/p b t d k g q/ <p b t d k g q></nowiki><br>
{{IPA|/i u e o a/}} <&zwnj;i u e o a&zwnj;><br>
<nowiki>/t͡ʃ d͡ʒ/ <c ç></nowiki><br>
<nowiki>/f v θ s z ʃ ʒ x h/ <f v th s z sh j x h></nowiki><br>
<nowiki>/j w r l/ <y w r l></nowiki><br><br>


The following group of consonants {{IPA|/n t d k g q θ s z ʃ ʒ x h r l/}} become palatalized to {{IPA|[nʲ tʲ dʲ kʲ gʲ qʲ θʲ sʲ zʲ ʃʲ ʒʲ xʲ hʲ rʲ lʲ]}} when following the close front unrounded vowel {{IPA|/i/}} and as well the palatal approximant {{IPA|/j/}}. In the (mainland) dialect of Ásvà, this process is accompanied with the affrication of the stops {{IPA|[tsʲ dzʲ kxʲ gɣʲ qχʲ]}}.
==Stress and Prosody==


All plosives {{IPA|/p b t d k g q/}} are pronounced aspirated {{IPA|[pʰ bʰ tʰ dʰ kʰ gʰ qʰ]}} as syllable onsets and unreleased {{IPA|[p̚ b̚ t̚ d̚ k̚ g̚ q̚]}} as syllable codas.
Most words are stressed on the root syllable, some words may also be stressed on other syllables if certain affixes are added, which is particularly common in derivation. While stress is phonemic, minimal pairs are rare, and therefore stress is commonly unmarked in colloquial Ac'talul.<br><br>


When following the rounded back vowels {{IPA|/o u/}} and the labio-velar approximant {{IPA|/w/}}, all non-labial plosives {{IPA|/t d k g q/}} become labialized {{IPA|[tʷ dʷ kʷ gʷ qʷ]}}. In the (mainland) dialect of Ásvà, this process also unrounds the back vowels {{IPA|/o u/}} to {{IPA|[ɯ ɤ]}} and the delabializes the labio-velar approximant {{IPA|/w/}} to {{IPA|[ɰ]}}.
==Phonotactics==


When preceding a consonant, the voiced labial fricative {{IPA|/v/}} lenites to {{IPA|/w/}}.
A syllable in Ac'talul is generally of the form CV(C)(C). That is, it must have an onset, of a single consonant; must have a nucleus of a single vowel, and may have a coda of zero to one, but occasionally two, consonants. Coda clusters must be of a glide or the alveolar lateral approximant /l/ followed by any consonant.<br><br>


The two glides {{IPA|/j w/}} show little allophonic variation by themselves.
==Phonological processes==
 
The alveolar lateral approximant {{IPA|/l/}} is pronounced pharyngealized {{IPA|/lˤ/}} and does not become palatalized as syllable coda.
 
The alveolar trill /r/ is pronounced as {{IPA|/ɾ/}} in clusters and as syllable coda. The same is true for its palatalized allophone {{IPA|/ɾʲ/}}.
 
The vocalic inventory of Ashthalul is as follows:
 
<nowiki>/i˧ u˧ e˧ o˧ a˧/ <i u e o a></nowiki><br>
<nowiki>/i˦ u˦ e˦ o˦ a˦/ <í ú é ó á></nowiki><br>
<nowiki>/i˧˥ u˧˥ e˧˥ o˧˥ a˧˥/ <ï ü ë ö ä></nowiki><br>
<nowiki>/i˨ u˨ e˨ o˨ a˨/ <ì ù è ò à></nowiki><br>
<nowiki>/i˥˩ u˥˩ e˥˩ o˥˩ a˥˩/ <î û ê ô â></nowiki><br>

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Ac'talul is a fictional language by Polka Dot.

Phonology

Ac'talul contains 24 consonants and 5 vowels.

The consonant inventory of Ac'talul is as follows:
/m n/ <‌m n‌>
/pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ ʔ/ <‌p t th c k '‌>
/b d ɖ g ɢ/ <‌b d dh g q‌>
/ᵐb ⁿd ᶯɖ ᵑg ᶰɢ/ <‌mb nd ndh ng nq‌>
/s z/ <‌s z‌>
/j w r l/ <‌y v r l‌>

The velar and uvular consonants /kʰ, qʰ, g, ɢ, ᵑg, ᶰɢ/ are labialized [kʷʰ, qʷʰ, gʷ, ɢʷ, ᵑgʷ, ᶰɢʷ]; while the fricatives /s, z/ are palatalized [sʲ, zʲ].

The vocalic inventory of Ac'talul is as follows:
/i u e o a/ <‌i u e o a‌>

Stress and Prosody

Most words are stressed on the root syllable, some words may also be stressed on other syllables if certain affixes are added, which is particularly common in derivation. While stress is phonemic, minimal pairs are rare, and therefore stress is commonly unmarked in colloquial Ac'talul.

Phonotactics

A syllable in Ac'talul is generally of the form CV(C)(C). That is, it must have an onset, of a single consonant; must have a nucleus of a single vowel, and may have a coda of zero to one, but occasionally two, consonants. Coda clusters must be of a glide or the alveolar lateral approximant /l/ followed by any consonant.

Phonological processes

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