Ugric/vocab: Difference between revisions

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! Word !! [[Hungarian]] !! SMs !! WMs !! EMs !! NMs !! EKh !! SKh !! NKh !! Notes
! Word !! [[Hungarian]] !! SMs !! WMs !! EMs !! NMs !! EKh !! SKh !! NKh !! Notes
|-
|-
| "branch"
| 'to stick into'
| ''ág'' || || || || || || ||
| ''akad-'' || takn- || - || *tåxn- || taxn- || *ɬooɣɯɯn- || tooxən- || *tooxən-
| (Fi. ''hanka'' ← Gmc)
| Hu. *ʊ > a / _[-VCD]?
|-
| ""
| ''ágyék'' || || || || || - || - || -
|-
|-
| ""
| 'to bild; to fix'
| ''akad'' || || || || || || ||
|style="color:red"| ''alkot-'' || alt- || olt- || oolt- || oolt- || *aaLt- || *oottə- || *aaLtə-
|-
|-
| ""
| ''
| ''alkot'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| ""
| ''alom'' || - || - || - || - || || ||
|-
| ""
| ''által'' || || || || || || ||
| ''által'' || || || || || || ||
| ??
|-
|-
| ""
| 'father'
| ''apa'' || || || || || || ||
| ''apa'' || || || || || || ||
| cf. PU *ëppə 'father-in-law' > HU ''ipa''
|-
|-
| "stream"
| 'stream; lake'
| ''ár'' || || || || || || ||
| ''ár'' || - || tuur || tuur || tuur(†ə) || *ɬaar || toor || *Laar
| ← II; cf. Fi. ''sarajas'', P. *šoor
| ← II; cf. Fi. ''sarajas'', P. *šoor. VS '''tur'''
|-
|-
| ""
| ''
| ''ara'' || - || - || - || - || || ||
| ''ara'' || - || - || - || - || || ||
|-
|-
| ""
| 'younger mtrnl relat.'
| ''ara'' || || || || || || ||
| ''ara'' || - || LM oår || - || oor || style="color:red"| ooľii || || *oorti
|-
|-
| "gold; copper"
| 'gold; copper'
| ''arany'' || || || || || || ||
| ''arany'' || tarəń || *tariń || tårəń || - || *ɬoorńə || - || -
| ← II
|-
|-
| ""
| ''
| ''aszik'' || || || || || || ||
| ''aszik'' || || || || || || ||
| ??
|-
|-
| ""
| 'valley, †river; to dry'
| ''átkoz'' || - || - || - || - || || ||
| ''aszó'' || taaš- || tooš- || tooš- || toos- || *soos || sas || *sas
| From StarLing. Cf. BSl *saušas 'dry'!
|-
|-
| ""
| 'to swear; to say'
| ''átkoz'' || - || - || - || - || aat- || - || -
| Weak.
|-
| ''
| ''atval'' || - || - || - || - || || ||
| ''atval'' || - || - || - || - || || ||
|-
|-
| ""
| 'to wet; to dive'
| ''ázik'' || - || - || - || - || || ||
| ''áz-'' || - || - || - || - || *ɬastə- || tastə- || Kz ɬostə-
| z : s? ∅z : st??
|-
|-
| ""
| ''
| ''bërke'' || || || || || - || - || -
| ''bërke'' || || || || || - || - || -
| ??
|-
|-
| ""
| ''
| ''buzog'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| ""
| ''csigolya'' || || || || || || ||
| ''csigolya'' || || || || || || ||
| ??
|-
|-
| ""
| 'sprout'
| ''csira'' || || || || || - || - || -
| ''csíra'' || ''ćürkiit-'' || śirk || śɪrk || śirka || - || - || -
| cf. Fi. ''sirkka''?!
|-
|-
| ""
| ''
| ''csókol'' || || || || || - || - || -
| ''csókol'' || || || || || - || - || -
|-
|-
| ""
| 'knot'
| ''csög'' || || || || || - || - || -
| ''cseg''<br/>~ ''csög'' || - || ''śäŋkəl'' || ''śiŋkəl-t-'' || - || - || - || -
| Or Hu ~ P+Kh *ćuŋə 'finger joint'? P *džek 'block'??
|-
|-
| ""
| ''
| ''csuhé'' || || || || || || ||
| ''csuhé'' || || || || || || ||
|-
|-
| ""
| 'to thro'
| ''dob'' || || || || || - || - || -
| †tob- || - || - || - || toomp- || - || - || -
|-
| Weak, onomat.? Std H ''dob-''
| ""
| ''domb'' || || || || || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "dog"
| 'hill, island'
| ''ëb'' || || || || || || ||
|style="color:red"| ''domb'' || '''toomp''' || to/'''u'''mp || tomp || tomp || - || - || -
| Bad
|-
|-
| ""
| 'dog'
| ''edz'' || || || || || || ||
| ''ëb'' || äämp || *öämp || *öämp || aamp || äämp || ȧȧmp || *ȧȧmp
|-
|-
| ""
| 'to harden'
| ''éh'' || || || || || || ||
| ''edz-'' || - || - || *öät- || - || äät- || aat- || aat--
| also cf. Kh *ii₂təp 'steel'
|-
|-
| "blade"
| 'inside; at home'
| ''él'' || || || || || - || - || -
| *jʊ- || jüw || jüw || juw || juw || jooɣ || jox || joxii
|-
|-
| ""
| 'blade'
| ''elegyëdik'' || || || || || || ||
| ''él'' || ''iľmət'' || ''iľəm'' || ''iľəm'' || eelmi || - || - || -
| Ms. shortening?
|-
|-
| ""
| 'to mix'
| ''elv'' || || || || || || ||
| ''elegyëdik'' || tilt- || teelit- || U telit- || teel(iɣt)- || *ɬiiLəɣtə- || - || *LiiL(ət)-
|-
|-
| ""
| 'other side'
| ''enyelëg'' || || || || || - || - || -
| ''elv'' || äləm || *öäləm || *öäləm || aaləm || J aaɬəm || aatəm || -
|-
|-
| "glue"
| 'to caress; to kiss'
| ''enyv'' || || || || || || ||
| ''enyel(ëg-)'' || üńəwl- || ińjəl- || ińəjl- || '''ańiɣl-''' || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "strawberry"
| 'glue'
| ''epër'' || || || || || || ||
| ''enyv'' || ''iľəm'' || P ''iľəm'' ~<br/>VS jeeľəm || ''iľəm'' || eeľəm || eejəm || ȧȧjəm || ȧȧjəm
| Ms. shortening?
|-
|-
| ""
| 'strawberry'
| ''evet'' || - || - || - || - || || ||
| ''epër'' || äpərjek || *ääpərjeex || - || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| ""
| 'squirrel'
| ''faggyú'' || - || - || - || - || || ||
| ''evet'' || - || - || - || - || *jiipə(t) || - || -
|-
|-
| ""
| 'fat'
| ''fárad'' || || || || || - || - || -
| ''faggyú'' || - || - || - || - || pooľť || puuť ||style="color:red"| puuť
|-
|-
| ""
| 'to tire'
| ''fëdél'' || || || || || - || - || -
| ''fárad'' || - || - || - || powrəmat- || - || - || -
|-
|-
| ""
| 'to separate'
| ''fejt'' || || || || || || ||
| ''fejt-'' || - || pääj- || pääj- || - || - || - || "paajit-"
|-
|-
| ""
| 'bridle'
| ''fék'' || || || || || || ||
| ''fék'' || || || || || pääk || - || -
| Check Ms.
|-
|-
| ""
| 'to burst'
| ''fekély'' || || || || || - || - || -
| ''fekély'' || - || - || päxl- || pokl- || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "black"
| 'black'
| ''fekete'' || - || - || - || - || || ||
| ''fekete'' || - || - || - || - || peɣtə || peɣtə || '''puutii'''
|-
|-
| ""
| ''
| ''fël'' || || || || || || ||
| ''fël'' || || || || || || ||
| ??
|-
|-
| "man"
| ''
| ''fér'' || || || || || - || - || -
| ''fér'' || || || || || - || - || -
| ??
|-
|-
| ""
| 'eye of needle, backside'
| ''fog'' || || || || || - || - || -
| ''fok'' || - || - || pʊ/up || pup || poɣ || pow || pow
|-
| Check EMs.
| ""
| ''fok'' || || || || || || ||
|-
|-
| ""
| 'to flow'
| ''folyik'' || || || || || || ||
| ''foly-'' || poľćiit- || *poľśt- || polśiit- || poľśət- || - || palťəma- ||style="color:green"| *poɭi-
|-
|-
| ""
| 'type of duck'
| ''fú'' || - || - || - || - || || ||
| ''fú'' || - || - || - || - || paaj || - || -
| Weak. Cf. Sk. *pake?
|-
|-
| ""
| '(to) stick'
| ''fulánk'' || || || || || || ||
| ''ful(ánk)'' || - || pulp || pʊlp || - || *puuL- || puutəp || -
| Ms. shortening?
|-
|-
| ""
| 'grass'
| ''fű'' || || || || || || ||
| ''fű'' || pom || #puum || U pom ~<br/>M puum || pum || VVj paam ~<br/>Sgt poom || puum || *poom
|-
|-
| ""
| ''
| ''fülik'' || || || || || - || - || -
| ''fülik'' || || || || || - || - || -
| ??
|-
|-
| ""
| 'to stick in'
| ''füst'' || || || || || || ||
| ''gyakik'' || - || - || M jɤɤkʷ- || - || V jooɣɯɯ- || - || Kz jaxəs-
|-
| Or H. ~ Fi/Ma *d₂okka-
| ""
| ''gyakik'' || || || || || || ||
|-
|-
| ""
| '(to) plane'
| ''gyalu'' || || || || || - || - || -
| dial. ''gyarol-'' || jar || jarə || jar || jor || - || - || -
| std ''gyalu' < ''gyalló'' < *ďarl-ɜw? Ms also *jar-ɣ- 'to plane'
|-
|-
| ""
| 'root'
| ''gyökér'' || || || || || - || - || -
| ''gyökér''<br/>''gyökere-'' || jükäär || jeekər || jeekʷər || jeekʷar || - || - || -
|-
|-
| ""
| 'to spit'
| ''hág'' || || || || || || ||
| ''hagyap-'' || - || kuľkəs- || O kuľk- || xuľxas- || - || - || -
|-
|-
| ""
| '(to have) fever'
| ''hagyap'' || || || || || - || - || -
| '' hagy(máz)'' || - || - ||style="color:red"| ''xoš'' || - || kaańť- || - || xaaś-
| Or H. ~ PU *kod₂ka 'spirit' (''máz'' < 'sickness'). Kh "C" xoońť-
|-
|-
| ""
| 'to bend'
| '' hagy(máz)'' || || || || || || ||
| ''hajol-'' || - || kooj- || xojt- || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| ""
| 'to drive'
| ''haj'' || || || || || - || - || -
| ''hajt'' || - || xujt- || kujt- || xujt- || - || - || -
| Cf. PIE *h₂aǵ-?
|-
|-
| ""
| 'mound; tussock'
| ''hajol'' || || || || || - || - || -
| ''hant'' || - || LM komšəl || - || xoməs || - || - || xoməs
|-
|-
| ""
| 'woodpecker'
| ''hajt'' || || || || || - || - || -
| ''harkály'' || karkaaj || *koorki || *koorki || xooxra || *kajarkɯɯ || xaxraaj ||style="color:red"| xaŋraa
|-
|-
| ""
| 'to burst'
| ''hall'' || || || || || || ||
| ''hasad'' || kaśl- || - || xaśl- || xaśl- || - || - || -
|-
|-
| ""
| 'swan'
| ''hant'' || || || || || || ||
| ''hattyú'' || kotaaŋ || *kʷatəŋ || *kʷåtəŋ || xotaŋ || kotəŋ || xotəŋ || xotəŋ
|-
| ""
| ''harkály'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| ""
| ''hasad'' || || || || || - || - || -
|-
| "swan"
| ''hattyú'' || || || || || || ||
| ← Turkic
| ← Turkic
|-
|-
| ""
| 'to wither; to end'
| ''hërvad'' || - || - || - || - || || ||
| ''hërvad'' || - || - || - || - || Tj korəɣɬə- || - || -
| Weak.
|-
|-
| "7"
| '7'
| ''hét'' || || || || || || ||
| ''hét'' ||style="color:red"| säät ||style="color:red"| *söät ||style="color:red"| *söät ||style="color:red"| saat || *ɬääpət || taapət || *Lääpət
| ← II, perhaps separately
| ← Toch./II, perhaps separately
|-
|-
| ""
| 'to get fat'
| ''hízik'' || || || || || || ||
| ''híz-'' || koot- || kuut- || U xuut- || xuut- || VV kaatəɣtə- || xoot-tə- || Kz xɔɔt-ɬə-
|-
|-
| "beaver"
| 'beaver'
| ''hód'' || || || || || - || - || -
| ''hód'' || style="color:red"| końťəl || kʷontəľ || kuńťəľ || xuntəľ || - || - || -
| ← Turkic
| ← Turkic
|-
|-
| ""
| 'near'
| ''hozzá'' || - || - || - || - || || ||
|style="color:green"| ''hoz(zá)'' || - || - || - || - || kuuťəŋ || - || xośaa'
| *ć > z?!
|-
|-
| ""
| ''
| ''húz'' || || || || || - || - || -
| ''húz'' || || || || || - || - || -
|-
|-
| ""
| ''
| ''i(afia)'' || || || || || || ||
| ''i(afia)'' || || || || || || ||
|-
|-
| ""
| 'small, young'
| ''i(fjú)'' || - || - || - || - || || ||
| ''i(fjú)'' || - || - || - || - || ääj || ȧȧj || *ȧȧj
|-
|-
| ""
| ''
| ''iránt'' || || || || || || ||
| ''iránt'' || || || || || || ||
|-
|-
| "joint"
| 'joint'
| ''íz'' || - || - || - || - || jöt || jet || ''jiit''
| ''íz'' || - || - || - || - || jöt || jet || ''jiit''
| better here than ~ FP *jäsə(n)
| better here than ~ FP *jäsə(n)
|-
|-
| "good"
| 'good'
| ''jó'' || || || || || || ||
| ''jó''<br/>''java-'' || jomaas || *jaməs || jåməs || jomas || '''jem''' || '''jem''' || ''jiim''
| Or Kh. ~ F *imeh
|-
|-
| ""
| 'to come'
| ''jut'' || || || || || || ||
| ''jut-'' || jokt- || *joxʷt- || joxt- || joxt- || *joɣət- || joxət- || joxət-
|-
|-
| "mod; hate"
| 'mood; hate'
| ''kedv'' || - || känt || - || kant || - || *kent || kant
| ''kedv'' || - || känt || - || kant || - || *kent || kant
|-
|-
| ""
| ''
| ''keserű'' || || || || || - || - || -
| ''keserű'' || || || || || - || - || -
|-
|-
| ""
| ''
| ''keshed'' || || || || || || ||
| ''keshed'' || || || || || || ||
|-
|-
| ""
| ''
| ''ki'' || || || || || || ||
| ''ki'' || || || || || || ||
|-
|-
| ""
| ''
| ''kísér'' || - || - || - || - || || ||
| ''köles'' || || || || || - || - || -
|-
| ''
| ''könnyű'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| 'to hum, moo, growl'
| ''könyörög-'' || - || - || kenɣ- || keenɣ- || *köönəɣ- || ''kenəj-'' || Kz keeni-
|-
| ''
| ''köszörül'' ||  ||  ||  ||  || - || - || -
|-
| 'slow'
| ''lassú'' || || || || || || ||
| ??
|-
| 'loose; wide'
| ''laza'' || - || *laś || *låś || loś ||style="color:green"| ɭať ||style="color:green"| lať ||style="color:green"| *ɭaś
|-
| ''
| ''lë(ány)'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| 'to step'
| ''lép'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| ''
| ''les'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| 'horse'
| ''ló''<br/>''lova-'' || low || luw || lʊ || luw || ''*looɣ'' || taaw || *Laaw
|-
| 'shin; foot'
| ''loll'' || lʌjəl || *lɤɤl<br/>låjl- || *lɤɤl<br/>låjl- || laaɣəl ||style="color:green"| *ɭaaɣəɭ || laaxəl || -
|-
| 'person'
| ''magyar'',<br/>''megyer'' || mäńćii || *möäńś || *möäńś || maańśi || *maańť || *moońť || *maaś
| *mäńćɜ ~ *mańćɜ ← II *manuš
|-
| 'willow'
| ''malát'' || - || - || - || - || *maɣLïï || *maxtə || *moxLa
|-
| 'palm'
| ''marok'' || - || - || - || - || muurəs || ''muurəs'' || -
|-
| 'to dive'
| ''márt-'' || moors- || *muurs- || muurs- || muurs- || *maraa- || *mar- || *mar-
|-
| 'warm'
| ''meleg'' || määliit || *möältəp || *möältəp || maaltip ||style="color:green"| *meeɭəŋk || - ||style="color:green"| *meeɭək
|-
| 'to be proper; to fit'
| ''mélt-'' || - || - || - || - || meel- || - || -
|-
| 'deep'
| ''mély'' || mäl ~<br/>miľ || mil || mil || mil || *meL || met || *mäL
| P. '''ńiľ'''
|-
| 'stallion; herd'
| ''mén'' || - || - || - || - || - || - || maanəŋ
| Weak.
|-
| 'to tear'
| ''mënyül-'' || mänəmt- || *mänəmt- || *määnəmt- || manəm- || - || *meneemə- ||style="color:green"| *meeɳəm-
|-
| ''
| ''mer'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| ''
| ''mered'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| ''
| ''mese'' || - || - || - || - || || ||
|-
| ''
| ''mét(háló)'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| ''
| ''meztelen'' || || || || || - || - || -
|-
| "to smile"
| ''mosolyog'' || mos- || mus- || mʊsət- || musat- || - || - || -
|-
| ''
| ''-nÁl'' || || || || || - || - || -
|-
| "sun, day"
| ''nap'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| ''
| ''nevet'' || || || || || - || - || -
|-
| "woods, hurdle; to bind"
|style="color:red"| ''nyék'' || - || neew- || neeɣ- || neeɣ- || - || neewəj || -
| ''k'' ~ *ɣ?? Semantics wtf? Cf Mong. *neke- "to weave"
|-
| "to pull"
| ''nyer'' || ńärəmt- || ńir- || ''ńerəmt-'' || - || ńer- || ńer- || *ńär-
|-
| "8"
| ''nyolc'' || ńolalu || ńallow || ńållåw || ńoləlow || ńɯɯLəɣ || ńiitə || *ńiiɣəL
| Check Ms. Cf. PU *neljä "4"?!
|-
| ''
| ''oldal'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| ''
| ''ólom'' || || || || || - || - || -
|-
| ''
| ''olt'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| "whip"
| ''ostor'' || aśtər || - || oośtər || oośtər || - || - || -
| ← II
|-
| ''
| ''óv'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| ''
| ''óv'' || || || || || - || - || -
|-
| ''
| ''ragad'' || - || - || - || - || || ||
|-
| ''
| ''rajta'' || || || || || - || - || -
|-
| ''
| ''rokkan'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| "to kick; to wade"
| ''rúg'' || - || - || - || - || '''röŋkää-''' || roŋk- || ruuŋk-
| Weak. Check Kh.
|-
| "(to) press"
| ''sajtó'' || - || - || - || - || - || čuujət- || *šoojLə-
|-
| ''
| ''-sÁg'' || || || || || - || - || -
|-
| "rapids"
|style="color:red"| ''sellő'' || särľii || särlə || (-) || saarla || - || - || -
|-
| ''
| ''sötét'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| ''
| ''süpped'' || || || || || - || - || -
|-
| ''
| ''süt'' || || || || || - || - || -
|-
| "adze"
| ''szalu'' || - || - || - || sowli || *suuɣəL || ''sooxət'' || -
|-
| "stem, leg"
| ''szár'' || sar || sar || sår || sor || *so₂r || suur || *soor
|-
| "to turn"
| ''szédül'' || - || - || säjɣ- || - || seejəɣ- || '''sajɣ-''' || -
|-
| "peg"
| ''szëg'' || süŋ || *säŋkʷə || "KL" säŋkʷ || saŋkʷ || - || - || -
| ← II *śaŋku
|-
| "edge"
| ''szél'' || - || - || seel || seel || *siiL || - || *siiL
|-
| "salt"
| ''szik'' || ćik || śäx || śäx || (-) || - || - || -
|-
| "word"
| ''szó'' || - || - || "sauŋ" || sow || *soɣ || sox || sox
| ← Turkic
|-
| ''
| ''szorgalom'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| ''
| ''szőke'' || - || - || - || - || || ||
|-
| ''
| ''szőr'' || || || || || - || - || -
|-
| ''
| ''szül'' || || || || || - || - || -
|-
| ''
| ''táj'' || - || - || - || - || || ||
|-
| ''
| ''tál'' || || || || || - || - || -
|-
| ''
| ''táltos'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| ''
| ''tekint'' || - || - || - || - || || ||
|-
| "place"
| ''tér'' || - || - || - || - || || ||
|-
| ''
| ''téved'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| ''
| ''tidó'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| "throat"
| ''torok'' || tor || tur || tʊr || tur || tuur || tüür || *tuur
|-
|-
| "fire"
| "fire"
Line 265: Line 476:
| Cf. Mongolian ''tǖdeg'' "bonfire"
| Cf. Mongolian ''tǖdeg'' "bonfire"
|-
|-
| ""
| "to despise; to puke"
| '''' || || || || || || ||
|style="color:red"| ''utál'' || - || åjt- || ajt- || aajət- || *aaɣət- || aaxət- || *aaxət-
| Bad. Maybe FP *oksə- ~ Ms *ɤɤjət- → Kh?
|-
| "grandparent; woman"
| ''ük'' || ''jükää'' || P jeek || U eekʷə || eekʷa || - || - || -
|-
| "animal mother"
| ''üsző'' || - || - || - || - || V ees || - || O ȧs
|-
| "to wait"
| ''vár'' || oor- || P wur-- || uur- || uur- || - || - || -
|-
| "kidney; penis"
| ''vese'' || üćəw || P wäśəɣ || U wääśəj || wośiɣ || - || - || -
| Weak.
|-
| "pole"
| ''záp'' ||style="color:green"| šapəl || P <span style="color:green">šoplə</span> || *soopəl || soopla || - || - || -
|-
| "corner"
| ''zug'' ~ <br/>''szug'' || - || - || - || - || soŋ || soŋ || ''suuŋ''
|-
| "to shrink"
| ''zsugorodik'' || ćäŋkʷər- || P śaŋkər- ~<br/>LM śuŋkər- || śiŋkər- || śuŋkər- || - || - || -
|-
! colspan="9"| Cases with ''g'' ~ *ɣ
|-
| "branch"
| ''ág'' || taw || *taɣ || *tåɣ || tow || *ɬaɣʷɯɯ || tawə || *Lowə
| (Fi. ''hanka'' ← Gmc)
|-
| "to drip"
|style="color:red"| '''''buzog-''''' || pask- || *pɤɤss- || *pɤɤsɣ- || paasɣ- || *paasəɣ- || *poosɣə- || *paasii-
| cf. WU #piśa- "drop"?!
|-
| "to grasp"
| ''fog'' || pow- || puw- || pʊw- || puw- || - || - || -
| cf. F *püü-tä- 'to catch'!
|-
| "saddle"
|style="color:red"| ''nyerëg'' || näwrää || ''*naaɣər'' || ''nåɣər'' || - || nööɣər || - || -
|-
| "to race; to gallop; jump"
| ''száguld-'' ||style="color:green"| šoom- ||style="color:green"| šuum- ||style="color:green"| *šuum- || - || *saaɣəL(t)-<br/>*suuɣəm || *saaxət(t)-<br/>*sooxəm || *saaxəlt-<br/>*sooxəm
| Kaz. ''sixəɬ-''
|-
| "quiver"
| ''tëgëz'' || - || P tääwt || täwt || tawt || tüüɣət || tiiwət || *tiiwət
|-
! colspan="9"| Derivational cases
|-
| "hay padding"
| ''alom'' || - || - || - || - || *ɯɯLəm || iitəm || *iiLəm
| < PU *ëla-ma
|-
| "cover"
| ''fëdél'' || - || || *päntəl || '''päntəl''' || - || - || -
| from PU *pintä- "to cover" > ''fëd-'', *pänt-
|-
! colspan="9"| Cognates elsewhere in Uralic known by now (from Honti '97)
|-
| "hip, butt"
| ''ágyék'' || ońćii || *uńś || uńś || *uuńś || - || - || -
| PU *onśa "meat, part"; ← II
|-
| "to listen"
| †hadl- || kʷantaal- || *koontl- || *koontl- || xoontl- || *kuuntəɣL- || xuuntt- || -
| PU *konta-lə- (cf. F. *kuuntëlë-)
|-
| "to step on; to climb"
| ''hág-'' || kʌʌŋk- || *kɤɤŋk- || *kɤɤŋk- || xaaŋx- || VV kaaŋət-|| xooŋx- || *xooŋx-
| PU *këŋkə- "to climb". Surgut ''kuuŋət-''
|-
| "hair"
| ''haj'' || - || kooj || U xooj || xooj || - || - || -
| PU *kajə "stalk (of grass etc.)"
|-
| "footprint; to press"
| ''nyom'' || ńal- || - || ńåləmt- || ńol- || *ńoLt- || ńattə- || *ńaLt-
| PU *ńulə-(mɜ-). Cf Ma. *nʊmərɣə-
|-
! colspan="9"| Rejectable
|-
| 'to follow tracks'
| ''kísér'' || - || - || - || - || köť- || köť- || *kuuś-
| Kh better < *küjɜ- (StUE4)
|-
| 'smoke'
| ''füst'' || - || *pašəm || *påšəm || posim || - || - || *poosəŋ
| Hu better ← Iranian (and Kh. ← EMs?)
|}
|}


Latest revision as of 19:05, 25 February 2017

A table of Common Ugric vocabulary scavenged from various sources.

To gage the distribution and regularity of these, I'm listing the main varieties of Mansi and Khanty separately.

(Methodological note: in most previous research, a Hungarian reflex has been considered necessary for considering a word to be Common Ugric — although the existence of Ob-Ugric as a separate branch has never been demonstrated.)

Word Hungarian SMs WMs EMs NMs EKh SKh NKh Notes
'to stick into' akad- takn- - *tåxn- taxn- *ɬooɣɯɯn- tooxən- *tooxən- Hu. *ʊ > a / _[-VCD]?
'to bild; to fix' alkot- alt- olt- oolt- oolt- *aaLt- *oottə- *aaLtə-
által ??
'father' apa cf. PU *ëppə 'father-in-law' > HU ipa
'stream; lake' ár - tuur tuur tuur(†ə) *ɬaar toor *Laar ← II; cf. Fi. sarajas, P. *šoor. VS tur
ara - - - -
'younger mtrnl relat.' ara - LM oår - oor ooľii *oorti
'gold; copper' arany tarəń *tariń tårəń - *ɬoorńə - - ← II
aszik ??
'valley, †river; to dry' aszó taaš- tooš- tooš- toos- *soos sas *sas From StarLing. Cf. BSl *saušas 'dry'!
'to swear; to say' átkoz - - - - aat- - - Weak.
atval - - - -
'to wet; to dive' áz- - - - - *ɬastə- tastə- Kz ɬostə- z : s? ∅z : st??
bërke - - - ??
csigolya ??
'sprout' csíra ćürkiit- śirk śɪrk śirka - - - cf. Fi. sirkka?!
csókol - - -
'knot' cseg
~ csög		 - śäŋkəl śiŋkəl-t- - - - - Or Hu ~ P+Kh *ćuŋə 'finger joint'? P *džek 'block'??
csuhé
'to thro' †tob- - - - toomp- - - - Weak, onomat.? Std H dob-
'hill, island' domb toomp to/ump tomp tomp - - - Bad
'dog' ëb äämp *öämp *öämp aamp äämp ȧȧmp *ȧȧmp
'to harden' edz- - - *öät- - äät- aat- aat-- also cf. Kh *ii₂təp 'steel'
'inside; at home' *jʊ- jüw jüw juw juw jooɣ jox joxii
'blade' él iľmət iľəm iľəm eelmi - - - Ms. shortening?
'to mix' elegyëdik tilt- teelit- U telit- teel(iɣt)- *ɬiiLəɣtə- - *LiiL(ət)-
'other side' elv äləm *öäləm *öäləm aaləm J aaɬəm aatəm -
'to caress; to kiss' enyel(ëg-) üńəwl- ińjəl- ińəjl- ańiɣl- - - -
'glue' enyv iľəm P iľəm ~
VS jeeľəm		 iľəm eeľəm eejəm ȧȧjəm ȧȧjəm Ms. shortening?
'strawberry' epër äpərjek *ääpərjeex - - - - -
'squirrel' evet - - - - *jiipə(t) - -
'fat' faggyú - - - - pooľť puuť puuť
'to tire' fárad - - - powrəmat- - - -
'to separate' fejt- - pääj- pääj- - - - "paajit-"
'bridle' fék pääk - - Check Ms.
'to burst' fekély - - päxl- pokl- - - -
'black' fekete - - - - peɣtə peɣtə puutii
fël ??
fér - - - ??
'eye of needle, backside' fok - - pʊ/up pup poɣ pow pow Check EMs.
'to flow' foly- poľćiit- *poľśt- polśiit- poľśət- - palťəma- *poɭi-
'type of duck' fú - - - - paaj - - Weak. Cf. Sk. *pake?
'(to) stick' ful(ánk) - pulp pʊlp - *puuL- puutəp - Ms. shortening?
'grass' fű pom #puum U pom ~
M puum		 pum VVj paam ~
Sgt poom		 puum *poom
fülik - - - ??
'to stick in' gyakik - - M jɤɤkʷ- - V jooɣɯɯ- - Kz jaxəs- Or H. ~ Fi/Ma *d₂okka-
'(to) plane' dial. gyarol- jar jarə jar jor - - - std gyalu' < gyalló < *ďarl-ɜw? Ms also *jar-ɣ- 'to plane'
'root' gyökér
gyökere-		 jükäär jeekər jeekʷər jeekʷar - - -
'to spit' hagyap- - kuľkəs- O kuľk- xuľxas- - - -
'(to have) fever' hagy(máz) - - xoš - kaańť- - xaaś- Or H. ~ PU *kod₂ka 'spirit' (máz < 'sickness'). Kh "C" xoońť-
'to bend' hajol- - kooj- xojt- - - - -
'to drive' hajt - xujt- kujt- xujt- - - - Cf. PIE *h₂aǵ-?
'mound; tussock' hant - LM komšəl - xoməs - - xoməs
'woodpecker' harkály karkaaj *koorki *koorki xooxra *kajarkɯɯ xaxraaj xaŋraa
'to burst' hasad kaśl- - xaśl- xaśl- - - -
'swan' hattyú kotaaŋ *kʷatəŋ *kʷåtəŋ xotaŋ kotəŋ xotəŋ xotəŋ ← Turkic
'to wither; to end' hërvad - - - - Tj korəɣɬə- - - Weak.
'7' hét säät *söät *söät saat *ɬääpət taapət *Lääpət ← Toch./II, perhaps separately
'to get fat' híz- koot- kuut- U xuut- xuut- VV kaatəɣtə- xoot-tə- Kz xɔɔt-ɬə-
'beaver' hód końťəl kʷontəľ kuńťəľ xuntəľ - - - ← Turkic
'near' hoz(zá) - - - - kuuťəŋ - xośaa' *ć > z?!
húz - - -
i(afia)
'small, young' i(fjú) - - - - ääj ȧȧj *ȧȧj
iránt
'joint' íz - - - - jöt jet jiit better here than ~ FP *jäsə(n)
'good' jó
java-		 jomaas *jaməs jåməs jomas jem jem jiim Or Kh. ~ F *imeh
'to come' jut- jokt- *joxʷt- joxt- joxt- *joɣət- joxət- joxət-
'mood; hate' kedv - känt - kant - *kent kant
keserű - - -
keshed
ki
köles - - -
könnyű
'to hum, moo, growl' könyörög- - - kenɣ- keenɣ- *köönəɣ- kenəj- Kz keeni-
köszörül - - -
'slow' lassú ??
'loose; wide' laza - *laś *låś loś ɭať lať *ɭaś
lë(ány)
'to step' lép
les
'horse' ló
lova-		 low luw lʊ luw *looɣ taaw *Laaw
'shin; foot' loll lʌjəl *lɤɤl
låjl-		 *lɤɤl
låjl-		 laaɣəl *ɭaaɣəɭ laaxəl -
'person' magyar,
megyer		 mäńćii *möäńś *möäńś maańśi *maańť *moońť *maaś *mäńćɜ ~ *mańćɜ ← II *manuš
'willow' malát - - - - *maɣLïï *maxtə *moxLa
'palm' marok - - - - muurəs muurəs -
'to dive' márt- moors- *muurs- muurs- muurs- *maraa- *mar- *mar-
'warm' meleg määliit *möältəp *möältəp maaltip *meeɭəŋk - *meeɭək
'to be proper; to fit' mélt- - - - - meel- - -
'deep' mély mäl ~
miľ		 mil mil mil *meL met *mäL P. ńiľ
'stallion; herd' mén - - - - - - maanəŋ Weak.
'to tear' mënyül- mänəmt- *mänəmt- *määnəmt- manəm- - *meneemə- *meeɳəm-
mer
mered
mese - - - -
mét(háló)
meztelen - - -
"to smile" mosolyog mos- mus- mʊsət- musat- - - -
-nÁl - - -
"sun, day" nap
nevet - - -
"woods, hurdle; to bind" nyék - neew- neeɣ- neeɣ- - neewəj - k ~ *ɣ?? Semantics wtf? Cf Mong. *neke- "to weave"
"to pull" nyer ńärəmt- ńir- ńerəmt- - ńer- ńer- *ńär-
"8" nyolc ńolalu ńallow ńållåw ńoləlow ńɯɯLəɣ ńiitə *ńiiɣəL Check Ms. Cf. PU *neljä "4"?!
oldal
ólom - - -
olt
"whip" ostor aśtər - oośtər oośtər - - - ← II
óv
óv - - -
ragad - - - -
rajta - - -
rokkan
"to kick; to wade" rúg - - - - röŋkää- roŋk- ruuŋk- Weak. Check Kh.
"(to) press" sajtó - - - - - čuujət- *šoojLə-
-sÁg - - -
"rapids" sellő särľii särlə (-) saarla - - -
sötét
süpped - - -
süt - - -
"adze" szalu - - - sowli *suuɣəL sooxət -
"stem, leg" szár sar sar sår sor *so₂r suur *soor
"to turn" szédül - - säjɣ- - seejəɣ- sajɣ- -
"peg" szëg süŋ *säŋkʷə "KL" säŋkʷ saŋkʷ - - - ← II *śaŋku
"edge" szél - - seel seel *siiL - *siiL
"salt" szik ćik śäx śäx (-) - - -
"word" szó - - "sauŋ" sow *soɣ sox sox ← Turkic
szorgalom
szőke - - - -
szőr - - -
szül - - -
táj - - - -
tál - - -
táltos
tekint - - - -
"place" tér - - - -
téved
tidó
"throat" torok tor tur tʊr tur tuur tüür *tuur
"fire" tűz
tüze-		 täwət *töäwt *töäwt - *töɣət *tüüt *tuut Cf. Mongolian tǖdeg "bonfire"
"to despise; to puke" utál - åjt- ajt- aajət- *aaɣət- aaxət- *aaxət- Bad. Maybe FP *oksə- ~ Ms *ɤɤjət- → Kh?
"grandparent; woman" ük jükää P jeek U eekʷə eekʷa - - -
"animal mother" üsző - - - - V ees - O ȧs
"to wait" vár oor- P wur-- uur- uur- - - -
"kidney; penis" vese üćəw P wäśəɣ U wääśəj wośiɣ - - - Weak.
"pole" záp šapəl P šoplə *soopəl soopla - - -
"corner" zug ~
szug		 - - - - soŋ soŋ suuŋ
"to shrink" zsugorodik ćäŋkʷər- P śaŋkər- ~
LM śuŋkər-		 śiŋkər- śuŋkər- - - -
Cases with g ~ *ɣ
"branch" ág taw *taɣ *tåɣ tow *ɬaɣʷɯɯ tawə *Lowə (Fi. hanka ← Gmc)
"to drip" buzog- pask- *pɤɤss- *pɤɤsɣ- paasɣ- *paasəɣ- *poosɣə- *paasii- cf. WU #piśa- "drop"?!
"to grasp" fog pow- puw- pʊw- puw- - - - cf. F *püü-tä- 'to catch'!
"saddle" nyerëg näwrää *naaɣər nåɣər - nööɣər - -
"to race; to gallop; jump" száguld- šoom- šuum- *šuum- - *saaɣəL(t)-
*suuɣəm		 *saaxət(t)-
*sooxəm		 *saaxəlt-
*sooxəm 		Kaz. sixəɬ-
"quiver" tëgëz - P tääwt täwt tawt tüüɣət tiiwət *tiiwət
Derivational cases
"hay padding" alom - - - - *ɯɯLəm iitəm *iiLəm < PU *ëla-ma
"cover" fëdél - *päntəl päntəl - - - from PU *pintä- "to cover" > fëd-, *pänt-
Cognates elsewhere in Uralic known by now (from Honti '97)
"hip, butt" ágyék ońćii *uńś uńś *uuńś - - - PU *onśa "meat, part"; ← II
"to listen" †hadl- kʷantaal- *koontl- *koontl- xoontl- *kuuntəɣL- xuuntt- - PU *konta-lə- (cf. F. *kuuntëlë-)
"to step on; to climb" hág- kʌʌŋk- *kɤɤŋk- *kɤɤŋk- xaaŋx- VV kaaŋət- xooŋx- *xooŋx- PU *këŋkə- "to climb". Surgut kuuŋət-
"hair" haj - kooj U xooj xooj - - - PU *kajə "stalk (of grass etc.)"
"footprint; to press" nyom ńal- - ńåləmt- ńol- *ńoLt- ńattə- *ńaLt- PU *ńulə-(mɜ-). Cf Ma. *nʊmərɣə-
Rejectable
'to follow tracks' kísér - - - - köť- köť- *kuuś- Kh better < *küjɜ- (StUE4)
'smoke' füst - *pašəm *påšəm posim - - *poosəŋ Hu better ← Iranian (and Kh. ← EMs?)

Sources

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