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'''Thalassarctian''' is the English name given to the language of the [[../Icebears|icebears]] of [[../Frontier/]].
<div class="toccolours" style="float:right">
{{gl|Múǹǹôḿijoí|mút́-Ǹôḿi-jo-í|speak-Nòmi-{{SC|NMLZR}}-{{SC|DIRECT.DEF.SG}}}}
{{glend|"speaking like a Nòmi"}}
</div>
'''Gohalleng ijen''' or '''Go-Lengi''' ("old cold speech"; Go-Lengi: [[Image:Mυnnᴥὼμiioι.gif]] ''Múǹǹôḿijoí'', /mu̬nnᵜɔ̬m̬ijoi̬/ "Nòmi speech") is the last surviving language of the [[../Icebears|icebears]] of [[../Frontier/]].


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
<div style="text-align: center;">
{| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"
!colspan=29 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Consonants
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em"
| ||colspan=3| Bilabial ||colspan=3| Labiod. ||colspan=3| Dental ||colspan=3| Alveolar ||colspan=3| Post-alv. ||colspan=3| Palatal ||colspan=3| Velar ||colspan=3| Focaneal ||colspan=3| Anticardial || Diabrancheal
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Nasal || || {{IPA|m}} || {{IPA|m̬}} || || || || || || || || {{IPA|n}} || {{IPA|n̬}} || || || || ||
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Nasal w/rumble || || {{IPA|mᵜ}} || {{IPA|m̬ᵜ}} || || || || || || || || {{IPA|nᵜ}} || {{IPA|n̬ᵜ}} || || || || ||
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Plosive || {{IPA|p}} || {{IPA|b}} || {{IPA|b̬}} || || || || || || || {{IPA|t}} || {{IPA|d}} || {{IPA|d̬}} || || || || || || || {{IPA|k}} || {{IPA|ɡ}} || {{IPA|ɡ̌}} || || || || {{IPA|ᴥ̥}} || {{IPA|ᴥ}} || {{IPA|ᴥ̬}} || {{IPA|¿}}
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Plosive w/rumble || {{IPA|pᵜ}} || {{IPA|bᵜ}} || {{IPA|b̬ᵜ}} || || || || || || || {{IPA|tᵜ}} || {{IPA|dᵜ}} || {{IPA|d̬ᵜ}} || || || || || || || {{IPA|kᵜ}} || {{IPA|ɡᵜ}} || {{IPA|ɡ̌ᵜ}} || || || || || ||
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Fricative || || || || {{IPA|f}}  || || || || || || {{IPA|s}} || {{IPA|z}} || {{IPA|z̬}} || || || || || || || {{IPA|x}} || || || {{IPA|H}}
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Affricate || {{IPA|pᴴ}} || || || || || || || || || {{IPA|tᴴ}} || || || || || || || || || {{IPA|kᴴ}}
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Approximants || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || {{IPA|j}} || {{IPA|ȷ̌}}
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Lateral Approximant || || || || || || || || || || || {{IPA|l}} || {{IPA|l̬}}
|}
</div>
* /z/ and /z̬/ are realized as /ɹ/ and /ɹ̬/ in some speakers.
===Vowels===
===Vowels===
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Line 9: Line 40:
| ||colspan=2| Front ||colspan=2| Central ||colspan=2| Back
| ||colspan=2| Front ||colspan=2| Central ||colspan=2| Back
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| High || {{IPA|i}} || {{IPA|i↓}}  || || || {{IPA|u}} || {{IPA|u↓}}
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| High || {{IPA|i}} || {{IPA|i̬}}  || || || || {{IPA|u}} || {{IPA|u̬}}
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| High-mid || {{IPA|e}} || {{IPA|e̬}} || || || || {{IPA|o}} || {{IPA|o̬}}
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Mid || || || {{IPA|H̩}} || {{IPA|ə}} || {{IPA|ə̬}} || {{IPA|ɔ}} || {{IPA|ɔ̬}}
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Low || || || || {{IPA|a}} || {{IPA|a̬}}
|}
</div>
 
===Rumble===
<div class="toccolours" style="float:right">
{{gl|zôlánd̀uunṕat|zôláń-d̀uf-q̀-n-ṕat|sound-warm-{{SC|COMPAR}}-{{SC|DIRECT}}-{{SC|DEF.PL}}}}
{{glend|"warmer sounds"}}
 
{{gl|Mún̂n̂íbjoí|mút́-n̂íb-jo-í|speak-cold-{{SC|NMLZR}}-{{SC|DIRECT.DEF.SG}}}}
{{glend|"cold speaking"}}
</div>
The symbols /ᴥ ◌̬ ¿ H/ in the charts above refer to sounds characteristic to icebear physiology. The technical terms vary, but the common names for these sounds collectively are <!--隆隆--> ''lollong'' or "rumble" among colonists; the icebear name is ''zôlánd̀uunṕat'' /ˈzɔ̬.la̬n.dᵜu.un.pᴴat/, which translates to "warmer sounds", i.e., sounds produced deeper in the body.  These sounds could be approximated but not duplicated by the terrestrial colonists or many of the hybrid children of icebears and colonists; their attempts were labelled ''Mún̂n̂íbjoí'' /ˈmu̬n̬.n̬ᵜi̬.bjo.i̬/ "coldspeak" (Weĉjo: ''Lengi''), a name that was also sometimes given to terrestrial language in general.
 
Icebears have dual vocal apparatuses; the upper corresponds to that known in humans, from mouth to larynx, and the lower comprises a separate set of vocal folds and points of articulation deeper in the icebear throat<sup>[check this]</sup>. Any sound may thus be voiceless, upper voiced, lower voiced, or double voiced.  In Go-Lengi, however, the lower voice alone does not produce distinctive phonemes.  The voicing diacritic /◌̬/ is used on a voiced phoneme to indicate the lower voice is also applied. 
 
{| class="toccolours"
! voiceless || upper voice || double voice
|-
| k || ɡ || ɡ̌
|}
 
 
There are conventionally three points of articulation involved in the lower sounds of Go-Lengi: the focaneum, the anticardion, and the diabranch.
 
* The diabranch is the point of articulation for the voiceless stop symbolized as /¿/.  The lower voice itself may be referred to as the diabrancheal rumble.
* The focaneum is the point of articulation for the voiceless fricative /H/, which may also be syllabic.  It may also  be co-articulated with an upper voiceless stop (symbolized with /ᴴ/).
 
{| class="toccolours"
! [+focanealized]
| kᴴ
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| High-mid || {{IPA|e}} || {{IPA|e↓}} || || || {{IPA|o}} || {{IPA|o↓}}
! [-focanealized]
| k
|}
 
 
* The anticardion is the point of articulation for the phonemes /ᴥ̥ ᴥ ᴥ̬/, which may be voiceless, voiced, or double-voiced when appearing on its own. These sounds are phonemically counted as stops but it is chiefly the POA and voicing that distinguish them—they may be realized as affricates, fricatives, or approximants.  Upper stops may be co-articulated with these sounds, then symbolized as /ᵜ/.
 
{| class="toccolours"
! || voiceless || single voice || double voice
|-
! [+anticardialization]
| kᵜ || ɡᵜ || ɡ̌ᵜ
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Mid || || || {{IPA|ə}} || {{IPA|ə↓}} || {{IPA|ɔ}} || {{IPA|ɔ↓}}
! [-anticardialization]
| k || ɡ || ɡ̌
|}
 
==Orthography==
Go-Lengi is transcribed in the Latin alphabet with some additional diacritics. 
 
{| style="text-align:center; margin:auto; padding: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #88a; background: #f7f8ff;" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5"
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Low || || || {{IPA|a}} || {{IPA|a↓}}
!colspan=19| Go-Lengi spelling
|- style="background: #ddf; height: 1.8em; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 1.3em;"
| a || á || à || â || b || b̀ || b́ || b̂ || d || d̀ || d́
|- style="background: #ccf; height: 1.8em; vertical-align: middle;"
| /a/ || /a̬/ || /ə/ || /ə̬/ || /b/ || /bᵜ/ || /b̬/ || /b̬ᵜ/ || /d/ || /dᵜ/ || /d̬/
|- style="background: #ddf; height: 1.8em; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 1.3em;"
| d̂ || e || é || f || g || g̀ || ǵ || ĝ || h || i, j || í, j́
|- style="background: #ccf; height: 1.8em; vertical-align: middle;"
| /d̬ᵜ/ || /e/ || /e̬/ ||  /f/ || /ɡ/ || /ɡᵜ/ ||  /ɡ̌/ ||  /ɡ̌ᵜ/ || /H/ || /i/, /j/ || /i̬/, /ȷ̌/
|- style="background: #ddf; height: 1.8em; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 1.3em;"
| k || k̀ || ḱ || l || ĺ || m || m̀ || ḿ || m̂ || n || ǹ
|- style="background: #ccf; height: 1.8em; vertical-align: middle;"
| /k/ || /kᵜ/ || /kᴴ/ || /l/ || /l̬/ || /m/ || /mᵜ/ || /m̬/ || /m̬ᵜ/ || /n/ || /nᵜ/
|- style="background: #ddf; height: 1.8em; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 1.3em;"
| ń || n̂ || o ||  ó || ò || ô || p || p̀ || ṕ || q || s
|- style="background: #ccf; height: 1.8em; vertical-align: middle;"
| /n̬/ || /n̬ᵜ/ || /o/ ||  /o̬/ || /ɔ/ || /ɔ̬/ || /p/ || /pᵜ/ || /pᴴ/ || /ᴥ̥/ || /s/
|- style="background: #ddf; height: 1.8em; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 1.3em;"
| t ||  t̀  || t́    || u  || ú  || x  || z  || ź  || q̀ || q́ || ʼ
|- style="background: #ccf; height: 1.8em; vertical-align: middle;"
| /t/ ||  /tᵜ/ || /tᴴ/ || /u/ || /u̬/ || /x/ || /z/ || /z̬/ ||  /ᴥ/ || /ᴥ̬/ || /¿/
|}
|}
===P̀íq́ĺuq́int̀u===
<div class="toccolours" style="float:right">
{{gl|p̀íq́ĺuq́iǹt̀u(í)|p̀íq́ĺu-q́iǹ-t̀u(-í)|bubble-have-{{SC|PTCP}}(-{{SC|DIRECT.DEF.SG}})}}
{{glend|"bubble-having"}}
</div>
</div>
The native script is called ''p̀íq́ĺuq́iǹt̀u'' /ˈpᵜi̬ᴥ̬.l̬u.ᴥ̬inᵜ.tᵜu/, generally translated as ''bubble script'', after the appearance of the syllables in careful writing and print.  (In informal writing, the script is considerably less geometric.)    The script is featural and its inventor is unknown.
<br clear="all"/>
<center>
[[Image:Piqluqintu 1.png]]
[[Image:Piqluqintu 2.png]]
[[Image:Piqluqintu 3.png]]
[[Image:Piqluqintu 4.png]]
[[Image:Piqluqintu 5.png]]
[[Image:Piqluqintu 6.png]]
[[Image:Piqluqintu 7.png]]
[[Image:Piqluqintu 8.png]]
[[Image:Piqluqintu 9.png]]
[[Image:Piqluqintu 10.png]]
[[Image:Piqluqintu 11.png]]
[[Image:Piqluqintu 12.png]]


The symbol /↓/ here indicates double or 'rumble' voicing.
[[Image:Piqluqintu 13.png]]


The consonant spelled /X/ may also be syllabic.
[[Image:Piqluqintu 14.png]]
</center>

Latest revision as of 10:29, 11 January 2017

Múǹǹôḿijoí
mút́-Ǹôḿi-jo-í
speak-Nòmi-NMLZR-DIRECT.DEF.SG
"speaking like a Nòmi"

Gohalleng ijen or Go-Lengi ("old cold speech"; Go-Lengi: Mυnnᴥὼμiioι.gif Múǹǹôḿijoí, /mu̬nnᵜɔ̬m̬ijoi̬/ "Nòmi speech") is the last surviving language of the icebears of Frontier.

Phonology

Consonants

Consonants
Bilabial Labiod. Dental Alveolar Post-alv. Palatal Velar Focaneal Anticardial Diabrancheal
Nasal m m̬ n n̬
Nasal w/rumble mᵜ m̬ᵜ nᵜ n̬ᵜ
Plosive p b b̬ t d d̬ k ɡ ɡ̌ ᴥ̥ ᴥ ᴥ̬ ¿
Plosive w/rumble pᵜ bᵜ b̬ᵜ tᵜ dᵜ d̬ᵜ kᵜ ɡᵜ ɡ̌ᵜ
Fricative f s z z̬ x H
Affricate pᴴ tᴴ kᴴ
Approximants j ȷ̌
Lateral Approximant l l̬
  • /z/ and /z̬/ are realized as /ɹ/ and /ɹ̬/ in some speakers.

Vowels

Vowels
Front Central Back
High i i̬ u u̬
High-mid e e̬ o o̬
Mid H̩ ə ə̬ ɔ ɔ̬
Low a a̬

Rumble

zôlánd̀uunṕat
zôláń-d̀uf-q̀-n-ṕat
sound-warm-COMPAR-DIRECT-DEF.PL
"warmer sounds"


Mún̂n̂íbjoí
mút́-n̂íb-jo-í
speak-cold-NMLZR-DIRECT.DEF.SG
"cold speaking"

The symbols /ᴥ ◌̬ ¿ H/ in the charts above refer to sounds characteristic to icebear physiology. The technical terms vary, but the common names for these sounds collectively are lollong or "rumble" among colonists; the icebear name is zôlánd̀uunṕat /ˈzɔ̬.la̬n.dᵜu.un.pᴴat/, which translates to "warmer sounds", i.e., sounds produced deeper in the body. These sounds could be approximated but not duplicated by the terrestrial colonists or many of the hybrid children of icebears and colonists; their attempts were labelled Mún̂n̂íbjoí /ˈmu̬n̬.n̬ᵜi̬.bjo.i̬/ "coldspeak" (Weĉjo: Lengi), a name that was also sometimes given to terrestrial language in general.

Icebears have dual vocal apparatuses; the upper corresponds to that known in humans, from mouth to larynx, and the lower comprises a separate set of vocal folds and points of articulation deeper in the icebear throat[check this]. Any sound may thus be voiceless, upper voiced, lower voiced, or double voiced. In Go-Lengi, however, the lower voice alone does not produce distinctive phonemes. The voicing diacritic /◌̬/ is used on a voiced phoneme to indicate the lower voice is also applied.

voiceless upper voice double voice
k ɡ ɡ̌


There are conventionally three points of articulation involved in the lower sounds of Go-Lengi: the focaneum, the anticardion, and the diabranch.

  • The diabranch is the point of articulation for the voiceless stop symbolized as /¿/. The lower voice itself may be referred to as the diabrancheal rumble.
  • The focaneum is the point of articulation for the voiceless fricative /H/, which may also be syllabic. It may also be co-articulated with an upper voiceless stop (symbolized with /ᴴ/).
[+focanealized] kᴴ
[-focanealized] k


  • The anticardion is the point of articulation for the phonemes /ᴥ̥ ᴥ ᴥ̬/, which may be voiceless, voiced, or double-voiced when appearing on its own. These sounds are phonemically counted as stops but it is chiefly the POA and voicing that distinguish them—they may be realized as affricates, fricatives, or approximants. Upper stops may be co-articulated with these sounds, then symbolized as /ᵜ/.
voiceless single voice double voice
[+anticardialization] kᵜ ɡᵜ ɡ̌ᵜ
[-anticardialization] k ɡ ɡ̌

Orthography

Go-Lengi is transcribed in the Latin alphabet with some additional diacritics.

Go-Lengi spelling
a á à â b b̀ b́ b̂ d d̀ d́
/a/ /a̬/ /ə/ /ə̬/ /b/ /bᵜ/ /b̬/ /b̬ᵜ/ /d/ /dᵜ/ /d̬/
d̂ e é f g g̀ ǵ ĝ h i, j í, j́
/d̬ᵜ/ /e/ /e̬/ /f/ /ɡ/ /ɡᵜ/ /ɡ̌/ /ɡ̌ᵜ/ /H/ /i/, /j/ /i̬/, /ȷ̌/
k k̀ ḱ l ĺ m m̀ ḿ m̂ n ǹ
/k/ /kᵜ/ /kᴴ/ /l/ /l̬/ /m/ /mᵜ/ /m̬/ /m̬ᵜ/ /n/ /nᵜ/
ń n̂ o ó ò ô p p̀ ṕ q s
/n̬/ /n̬ᵜ/ /o/ /o̬/ /ɔ/ /ɔ̬/ /p/ /pᵜ/ /pᴴ/ /ᴥ̥/ /s/
t t̀ t́ u ú x z ź q̀ q́ ʼ
/t/ /tᵜ/ /tᴴ/ /u/ /u̬/ /x/ /z/ /z̬/ /ᴥ/ /ᴥ̬/ /¿/

P̀íq́ĺuq́int̀u

p̀íq́ĺuq́iǹt̀u(í)
p̀íq́ĺu-q́iǹ-t̀u(-í)
bubble-have-PTCP(-DIRECT.DEF.SG)
"bubble-having"

The native script is called p̀íq́ĺuq́iǹt̀u /ˈpᵜi̬ᴥ̬.l̬u.ᴥ̬inᵜ.tᵜu/, generally translated as bubble script, after the appearance of the syllables in careful writing and print. (In informal writing, the script is considerably less geometric.) The script is featural and its inventor is unknown.

Piqluqintu 1.png

Piqluqintu 2.png

Piqluqintu 3.png

Piqluqintu 4.png

Piqluqintu 5.png

Piqluqintu 6.png

Piqluqintu 7.png

Piqluqintu 8.png

Piqluqintu 9.png

Piqluqintu 10.png

Piqluqintu 11.png

Piqluqintu 12.png

Piqluqintu 13.png

Piqluqintu 14.png

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