View source for Hesperic/Version 1

'''This document describes an obsolete version of the Hesperic family which is currently undergoing a major revision.''' --[[User:WeepingElf|WeepingElf]] ([[User talk:WeepingElf|talk]]) 12:14, 15 January 2024 (PST)

{|border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=50% class="bordertable" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; font-size: 95%; float: right;"
|colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCFF00" align="center" |'''Hesperic'''
|-
|valign="top"|Spoken in:
||Europe
|-
|valign="top"|[[Conworld]]:
||[[Atla]]
|-
|valign="top"|Total speakers:
||ca. 50,000
|-
|valign="top"|Genealogical classification:
||[[Indo-European]]
: '''Hesperic'''
:: see below
|-
|valign="top"|[[Basic word order]]:
||varies
|-
|valign="top"|[[Morphological type]]:
||varies
|-
|valign="top"|[[Morphosyntactic alignment]]:
||varies 
|-
|colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCFF00" align="center" |'''Created by:'''
|-
||[[User:WeepingElf|Jörg Rhiemeier]] || 2000-
|}


'''Hesperic''' is a [[language family|family]] of [[diachronic conlang]]s by [[User:WeepingElf|Jörg Rhiemeier]] spoken in the world of [[Atla]]. This family forms an early diverging branch of the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] family, even more archaic than [[Wikipedia:Anatolian languages|Anatolian]]. So far, [[Old Albic]] is the best-elaborated language of the family.

==Sources==

The Hesperic language family was originally built on an internal reconstruction (by the author himself, but drawing on the ideas of various scholars such as [[Wikipedia:Tamaz V. Gamkrelidze|T. V. Gamkrelidze]], [[Wikipedia:Vyacheslav Ivanov (philologist)|V. V. Ivanov]] and the late, lamented [[Wikipedia:Jens Elmegård Rasmussen|J. E. Rasmussen]]) of an early stage of [[Proto-Indo-European]]; a part of the vocabulary is based on words in Celtic and Germanic languages without good PIE etymologies which may be loanwords from a substratum language. Further inspiration for the building of the family came from the [[Uralic]] and [[Wikipedia:Kartvelian languages|Kartvelian]] language families.

Since then, the author has changed his view concerning the degree of relationship between Hesperic and Indo-European, from a sister group of IE as a whole to a branch that forked off at about the same time as Anatolian, and he is currently reworking the fictional history of the family in order to make it fit the new assumptions regarding its origin.

Conlangs of inspirational value are chiefly the [[Quendian]] ([[J. R. R. Tolkien]]), [[Eastern languages (Almea)|Eastern]] ([[Mark Rosenfelder]]) and [[Sunovian]] (Geoff Eddy) families which inspired me to build a large, diverse language family.

==Overview (intrafictional)==

The Hesperic languages are spoken in various [[residual zone]]s in Central and Western Europe, with a total number of speakers not exceeding 50,000 today, though the family once had many more speakers ([[Old Albic]] alone is estimated to have been spoken by about 2 million people at its apogee about 600 BC).

This family is a branch of Indo-European that separated from the rest of the family early, perhaps around 3500 BC, and is probably associated with the first wave of Indo-European expansion which also resulted in the formation of the Anatolian branch.

[[Proto-Hesperic]] would have been spoken about 3000 BC in Central Europe, and thus probably contemporaneous to the Late PIE the standard reconstruction represents (which may have been likewise about 3000 BC, but the dating is controversial). The family also shows similarities to the [[Uralic]] languages, and appears to be something like the "missing link" [[Indo-Uralic|between]] Indo-European and Uralic. Typological similarities also exist to the [[Kartvelian languages]], but this does not appear to reveal a relationship, unless these similarities can be ascribed to a [[Krelian]] substratum.

Today, however, all Hesperic languages have to be considered endangered, and none has official status in the country or countries where it is spoken.

==Classification==

'''Hesperic'''
* North Hesperic
:* [[Albic]]
::* [[Old Albic]]†
:::* [[Middle Albic]]†
::* [[South Albic]]
:::* Low Elvish
::::* [[Avalonian]]
::::* [[Sinjenich]]
:::* [[Macaronesian]]
::::* [[Azorese]]
::::* [[Madeirese]]
::::* [[Sea Elvish]]
::* Neck Albic
::* [[Arwinish]]
::* [[Ivernic]]
:* [[Hercynian]]
:* [[Alpianic]]
* South Hesperic
:* [[Puranian]]
:* [[Durian]]
:* [[Padivian]]


===Influence of Standard Average European===

The Hesperic languages have been influenced to various degrees by the [[Wikipedia:Standard Average European|Standard Average European]] linguistic area.  The influence of this Sprachbund is strongest in Alpianic and weakest in Albic.

==Main sound correspondences==

{|class="wikitable"
|-
! [[Proto-Hesperic|PH]]
! [[Albic]]
! [[Hercynian|Herc.]]
! [[Alpianic|Alp.]]
! [[Puranian|Pur.]]
! [[Durian]]
! [[Padivian|Pad.]]
! [[Proto-Indo-European|PIE]]
|-
| ph || ph || p/f || pf/f || f || p || f || p
|-
| th || th || t/θ || ts/s || t || t || f || t
|-
| kh || kh || k/x || kx/x || k || k || h || k
|-
| p || p || p || ph || p || p || p || b
|-
| t || t || t || th || t || t || t || d
|-
| k || k || k || kh || k || k || k || g
|-
| b || b || b/v || p || b || b || b || bh
|-
| d || d || d/ð || t || d || d || d || dh
|-
| g || g || g/ɣ || k || g || g || g || gh
|-
| s || s || s || h || s || s || s || s
|-
| x || ʕ/h || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || h || h2/h3
|-
| h || ʕ/h || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || h1
|-
| m || m || m || m || m || m || m || m
|-
| n || n || n || n || n || n || n || n
|-
| l || l || l || l || l || l || l || l
|-
| r || r || r || r || r || r || r || r
|-
| w || w || w || f || v || v || v || w
|-
| j || j || j || j || j || j || j || y
|-
| u || u || u || u || u || u || u || eu/ou/u
|-
| i || i || i || i || i || i || i || ei/oi/i
|-
| a || a || a || a || a || a || a || e/o/0
|-
|}

[[Category:Hesperic|*]]
[[Category:Atla]]
[[Category:LLL]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Diachronic conlangs]]
[[Category:Indo-European conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]