View source for Finnic languages/isoglosses

After Viitso 2000: Finnic affinity (among other things)

A ~ B marks conditional developments; A, B marks dialectal developments.

==Old changes==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! !! South Estonian !! [[Livonian]] !! Gulf Finnic
|-
| *tk || kk || kk || tk || (Liv. OR)
|-
| *ðk || kk || tk || tk || SE/Liv. only *pið-ka "long", *iðke- "cry"
|-
| *čk || tsk || tk || tk
|-
| *kc, *pc || ts || *ks, *ps || *ks, *ps
|-
| *kt, *pt || tt  || colspan="2"| *ht / V[+STR]_, *tt / V[-STR]_ || Probably common *ht with SE → *tt, *š → *h only later.
|-
| 3PS || -∅ || *-pi || *-pi
|-
| *nc || ts || *nc || *ts || Only *onca "forehead"
|-
| *nt / _i || *nc → ːc || *nc || *nc → *ns || Unless preceded by a coronal obstruent (*tt, *st, *št)
|-
| *-ks# || -s || -ks || *-s
|-
| *š || *h || *h || *h || Postdates *t → *c / _i
|-
| *ai || *ai || *ai || *ei / {l r s š}_<br/>*ai / elsewhere
|-
| "forest" || *mëtsa || *mëtsa || *metsä || ← Baltic *medja
|-
| "excess" || '''*liika''' || *leika || *liika || vs. Baltic #leika?
|-
| "shoe" || *känkä || *känkä || *kenkä || ← Gmc *skenka
|-
| "back" || *sälkä || *sälkä || *selkä || origin unknown; Samic #śeelkä → *ćēlkē, Mari *śel(kä) → *šɪĺə
|-
| "nose" || *nana || *nana || *nenä || origin unknown; Samic *ńana → *ńōnē
|-
| "viburnum" || *häicek || - || *heisi
|-
| "7" || *säiccen || *sä/eiccen || *seiccen || origin unknown; Samic *śäśəm → *ćēćëm
|-
| "knife" || *väici || *vä/eici || *veici || ← PU *wänśə / *wenśə?
|-
| "girl" || *näito || *nä/eiccɜt "virgin" || *neito, *neitej<br/>(*neiccüt "virgin") || ← PU *näjə; cf. Samic *näj-tə → *nējtë
|-
| "deep" || *civä || '''*tëva''' || *civä || ← PU *tiwä
|}

==Dialectal period==

{| class="wikitable"
! !! South Estonian !! Livonian !! colspan="2"| Estonic !! colspan="5"| North Finnic
|-
| *ns || ːs || ːs || colspan="2"| *ːs || colspan="5"| *ns || NB *nc [[counterfeeding]] in Liv.
|-
| *e_B || ɤ || *ɤ → ɨ || colspan="2"| *ɤ || colspan="5"| *e
|-
! !! South Estonian !! Livonian !! Estonian !! Votic !! colspan="5"| North Finnic
|-
| "to rise" || *touse- || *nuuse- || *touse- || *noise- || colspan="5"| *nouse- || origin unknown
|-
| "to sleep" || *nukk- || *tukk- || *tukku- || colspan="6"| *nukku- || origin unknown; Samic *nukkə- → *nokkë-
|-
| "pole" || *saibas || *taibas || *teibäs || colspan="6"| *seibäs || ← Baltic *staibas
|-
| "to remember" || *moista- || *moista- || *moista- || || colspan="5"| *muista- || ← PU *moja-
|-
! !! South Estonian !! Livonian !! Estonian !! Votic !! West Finnish !! colspan="4"| East Finnic
|-
| Pl. gen. || *-ten || *-ten || *-ten, *-jten || *-jten || *-ten || colspan="4"| *-jten
|-
| "to go" || mine- || || mine- || mene- || mene- || colspan="4"| *mäne- || PU *menə-; raising in SE regular
|-
| "crow" || varõs || varīks || vares || || vares, varis ||colspan="4"| *varis || rowspan="2"| possibly related to *-u- → SF -o-?
|-
| "hare" || jänes || Sal. '''jänds''' || jänes || || jänes, jänis ||colspan="4"| *jänis
|-
| "home" || *koto || - || *koto || || koto || colspan="4"| *koti || cf. *kota "hut"
|-
| "otter" || *sagarva || *sagarva || *sagarmas || || *sa(g)ukko || colspan="4"| *sagarva || or WF ← *sapa "tail"
|-
! !! South Estonian !! Livonian !! Estonian !! Votic !! West Finnish !! Ingrian !! Karelian !! East Finnish !! Veps
|-
| *ʦː || || ts || ts || ʦː || θː, tː || || ʧː || *θː → ht || ʦ
|-
| *kj || kj || jg || j || dʲː || ːj || || ki, gi || ːj || gj, gdʲ
|-
| *kr || || ʔgr || er || gr || rowspan="3"| wr || || kr, gr || kr || gr
|-
| *pr || || ʔbr || pr || br || || pr, br || pr || br
|-
| *tr || rowspan="2"| tr || rowspan="2"| ʔdr || rowspan="2"| tr || rowspan="2"| dr || rowspan="2"| tr || tr, dr || rowspan="2"| tr || dr || rowspan="2"| in loanwords only
|-
| *str || *sr → hr || sr, zr || *sr → zr
|-
| *st || st || st || st || '''sː''' || st || '''sː''' || '''sː''' || st || st
|-
| *rg || r || rg || r || r || r ~ rj || r || r, rr || r || rg
| similarly for *lg
|-
| *-P- || -P- || -B- || -B̥- || -P- || -P- || -P- || -P-, -B- || -P- || -B- 
|-
| *Iː || Iː || Iː || Iː || Iː || Iː || Iː || Iː || Iː || I, Iː || long close vowels *iː *yː *uː
|-
| *ɑː || ɑː || ɔː || ɑː, oɑ || ɑː || ɑː || ɑː || oɑ || uɑ || ɑ
|-
| *æː || æː || æː || æː, eæ || æː || æː || æː || eæ || iæ || æ
|-
| *oː || oː || uˑo ~ oː || oː || oː || uɔ, uɑ  || oː ? ← *uo || uo || uo || o || rowspan="2"| Possibly secondary monofthongization in Estonian, Votic, Ingrian (as *ugo → oː etc.)
|-
| *øː || øː || rowspan="2"| iˑe ~ eː || øː || øː || yœ, yæ || øː ? ← *yø || yø || yø || ø
|-
| rowspan="2"| *eː || eː || eː || eː || iɛ, iæ || rowspan="2"| eː ? ← *ie || rowspan="2"| ie || rowspan="2"| ie || rowspan="2"| e || front environment
|-
| ɤː || ɨː || ɤː || ɤː || iɛ, iɑ || back environment
|}